{{Short description|Dark main-belt asteroid}} {{Use dmy dates|date=October 2019}} {{Infobox planet | minorplanet = yes | name = 1923 Osiris | background = #D6D6D6 | image = | image_size = | caption = | discovery_ref = <ref name="jpldata" /> | discovered = 24 September 1960 | discoverer = C. J. van Houten<br />I. van Houten G.<br />T. Gehrels | discovery_site = Palomar Obs. | mpc_name = (1923) Osiris | alt_names = {{mp|4011 P-L}}{{·}}{{mp|1964 TO|2}}<br />1966 FR{{·}}1974 KN<br />1974 KP{{·}}1974 LE | pronounced = {{IPAc-en|ə|ˈ|s|ai|r|ᵻ|s}}<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.lexico.com/definition/Osiris |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200321100209/https://www.lexico.com/definition/osiris |url-status=dead |archive-date=21 March 2020 |title=Osiris |dictionary=Lexico UK English Dictionary |publisher=Oxford University Press}}</ref> | named_after = {{nowrap|Osiris {{small|(Egyptian mythology)}}<ref name="springer" />}} | mp_category = main-belt<ref name="MPC-Osiris" /><ref name="jpldata" />{{·}}{{small|(inner)}}<br />Sulamitis | orbit_ref = <ref name="jpldata" /> | epoch = 4 September 2017 (JD 2458000.5) | uncertainty = 0 | observation_arc = 62.70 yr (22,900 days) | aphelion = 2.5900 AU | perihelion = 2.2813 AU | semimajor = 2.4356 AU | eccentricity = 0.0634 | period = 3.80 yr (1,388 days) | mean_anomaly = 269.38° | mean_motion = {{Deg2DMS|0.2593|sup=ms}} / day | inclination = 4.9580° | asc_node = 353.07° | arg_peri = 106.04° | dimensions = 13.1 km<br />{{val|13.461|0.206}}<ref name="Masiero-2012x" /> | rotation = | albedo = {{val|0.031|0.006}}<ref name="Masiero-2012x" /><br />0.0591 ± 0.008 | spectral_type = SMASS = C<ref name="jpldata" /> | abs_magnitude = 13.6<ref name="jpldata" /> }}
'''1923 Osiris''', provisional designation {{mp|4011 P-L}}, is a dark asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 13 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 24 September 1960, by Ingrid and Cornelis Johannes van Houten at Leiden, on photographic plates taken by Tom Gehrels at Palomar Observatory in the United States.<ref name="MPC-Osiris" /><ref name="MPC5013" /> It was named after the Egyptian god Osiris.<ref name="springer" />
== Orbit and classification ==
Osiris orbits the Sun in the inner main-belt at a distance of 2.3–2.6 AU once every 3 years and 10 months (1,388 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.06 and an inclination of 5° with respect to the ecliptic.<ref name="jpldata" /> Due to a precovery taken at the discovering observatory in 1953, the body's observation arc is extended by 7 years prior to its official discovery observation.<ref name="MPC-Osiris" />
=== Palomar–Leiden survey ===
The designation P–L stands for ''Palomar–Leiden'', named after Palomar Observatory and Leiden Observatory, which collaborated on the fruitful Palomar–Leiden survey in the 1960s. Gehrels used Palomar's Samuel Oschin telescope (also known as the 48-inch Schmidt Telescope), and shipped the photographic plates to Ingrid and Cornelis Johannes van Houten at Leiden Observatory. The trio are credited with several thousand asteroid discoveries.
== Physical characteristics ==
In the SMASS classification, Osiris is a carbonaceous C-type asteroid.<ref name="jpldata" />
According to the survey carried out by NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer with its subsequent NEOWISE mission, Osiris measures 13.461 kilometers in diameter and its surface has a low albedo of 0.031.<ref name="Masiero-2012x" /> As of 2017, no rotational lightcurve has been obtained.<ref name="lcdb" />
== Naming ==
This minor planet was named after Osiris, the Egyptian god of vegetation, of the waxing and waning Moon and of the annual flooding of the Nile.<ref name="springer" /> The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 1 November 1979 ({{small|M.P.C. 5013}}).<ref name="MPC-Circulars-Archive" />
== References == {{reflist|30em|refs=
<ref name="jpldata">{{cite web |type = 2016-08-18 last obs. |title = JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 1923 Osiris (4011 P-L) |url = https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2001923 |publisher = Jet Propulsion Laboratory |accessdate = 14 June 2017}}</ref>
<ref name="springer">{{cite book |title = Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – (1923) Osiris |last = Schmadel | first = Lutz D. |publisher = Springer Berlin Heidelberg |page = 154 |date = 2007 |isbn = 978-3-540-00238-3 |doi = 10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_1924 |chapter = (1923) Osiris }}</ref>
<ref name="MPC-Osiris">{{cite web |title = 1923 Osiris (4011 P-L) |work = Minor Planet Center |url = https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/db_search/show_object?object_id=1923 |accessdate = 14 June 2017}}</ref>
<ref name="MPC-Circulars-Archive">{{cite web |title = MPC/MPO/MPS Archive |work = Minor Planet Center |url = https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/ECS/MPCArchive/MPCArchive_TBL.html |accessdate = 14 June 2017}}</ref>
<ref name="Masiero-2012x">{{Cite journal |display-authors = 6 |first1 = Joseph R. |last1 = Masiero |first2 = A. K. |last2 = Mainzer |first3 = T. |last3 = Grav |first4 = J. M. |last4 = Bauer |first5 = R. M. |last5 = Cutri |first6 = C. |last6 = Nugent |first7 = M. S. |last7 = Cabrera |date = November 2012 |title = Preliminary Analysis of WISE/NEOWISE 3-Band Cryogenic and Post-cryogenic Observations of Main Belt Asteroids |url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2012ApJ...759L...8M |journal = The Astrophysical Journal Letters |volume = 759 |issue = 1 |page = 5 |bibcode = 2012ApJ...759L...8M |doi = 10.1088/2041-8205/759/1/L8 |arxiv = 1209.5794 |access-date= 14 June 2017}}</ref>
<ref name="lcdb">{{cite LCDB|number = 1923 |accessdate = 14 June 2017}}</ref>
<ref name="MPC5013">{{Citation | date = 1 Nov 1979 | title = New Names of Minor Planets | periodical = Minor Planet Circular | location = Cambridge, Mass | publisher = Minor Planet Center | issue = MPC 5013 | url = https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/ECS/MPCArchive/1979/MPC_19791101.pdf | issn = 0736-6884 }}</ref>
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== External links == * [http://www.minorplanet.info/PHP/lcdbsummaryquery.php Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB)], query form ([http://www.minorplanet.info/lightcurvedatabase.html info] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721225144/http://www.minorplanet.info/lightcurvedatabase.html |date=21 July 2011 }}) * [https://books.google.com/books?id=aeAg1X7afOoC&pg Dictionary of Minor Planet Names], Google books * [http://obswww.unige.ch/~behrend/page_cou.html Asteroids and comets rotation curves, CdR] – Observatoire de Genève, Raoul Behrend * [https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/lists/NumberedMPs000001.html Discovery Circumstances: Numbered Minor Planets (1)-(5000)] – Minor Planet Center * {{AstDys|1923}} * {{JPL small body}}
{{Minor planets navigator |1922 Zulu |number=1923 |1924 Horus}} {{Small Solar System bodies}} {{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Osiris}} 001923 Category:Discoveries by Cornelis Johannes van Houten Category:Discoveries by Ingrid van Houten-Groeneveld Category:Discoveries by Tom Gehrels 4011 Category:Named minor planets 001923 19600924