19139 Apian

{{Short description|Asteroid}} {{Use dmy dates|date=October 2019}} {{Infobox planet | minorplanet = yes | name = 19139 Apian | background = #D6D6D6 | image = | image_size = | caption = | discovery_ref = <ref name="jpldata" /> | discoverer = [[Freimut Börngen|F. Börngen]] | discovery_site = {{nowrap|[[Karl Schwarzschild Observatory|Karl Schwarzschild Obs.]]}} | discovered = 6 April 1989 | mpc_name = (19139) Apian | alt_names = {{mp|1989 GJ|8}}{{·}}{{mp|1999 XP|18}} | pronounced = | named_after = [[Petrus Apianus]]<ref name="springer" /><ref name="MPC-object" /><br />{{small|(German humanist)}} | mp_category = [[main-belt]]{{·}}{{small|([[Kirkwood gap|middle]])}}<br />[[Background asteroid|background]]<ref name="AstDys-object" /> | orbit_ref = <ref name="jpldata" /> | epoch = 4 September 2017 ([[Julian day|JD]] 2458000.5) | uncertainty = 0 | observation_arc = 28.09 yr (10,261 days) | aphelion = 2.7824 [[Astronomical unit|AU]] | perihelion = 2.3841 AU | semimajor = 2.5832 AU | eccentricity = 0.0771 | period = 4.15 [[Julian year (astronomy)|yr]] (1,516 days) | mean_anomaly = 105.06[[Degree (angle)|°]] | mean_motion = {{Deg2DMS|0.2374|sup=ms}} / day | inclination = 8.0241° | asc_node = 48.222° | arg_peri = 336.68° | dimensions = {{val|5.643|0.089}} km<ref name="Masiero-2011" /> | rotation = | albedo = {{val|0.265|0.039}}<ref name="Masiero-2011" /> | spectral_type = | abs_magnitude = 13.5<ref name="jpldata" /> }}

'''19139 Apian''' ([[Minor planet provisional designation|provisional designation]] '''{{mp|1989 GJ|8}}''') is a bright background [[asteroid]] from the central regions of the [[asteroid belt]], approximately 6 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 6 April 1989, by German astronomer [[Freimut Börngen]] at the [[Karl Schwarzschild Observatory]] in Tautenburg, Eastern Germany. The asteroid was named for medieval German humanist [[Petrus Apianus]].<ref name="springer" /><ref name="MPC-object" />

== Orbit and classification == Apian is a non-[[Asteroid family|family]] asteroid from the main belt's [[Background asteroid|background population]].<ref name="AstDys-object" /> It orbits the Sun in the [[Kirkwood gap|central]] asteroid belt at a distance of 2.4–2.8 [[Astronomical unit|AU]] once every 4 years and 2 months (1,516 days; [[semi-major axis]] of 2.58 AU). Its orbit has an [[orbital eccentricity|eccentricity]] of 0.08 and an [[orbital inclination|inclination]] of 8[[Degree (angle)|°]] with respect to the [[ecliptic]].<ref name="jpldata" />

The body's [[observation arc]] begins with a [[precovery]] published in the [[Digitized Sky Survey]] and taken at [[Palomar Observatory]] in February 1989, approximately 2 months prior to its official discovery observation at Tautenburg.<ref name="MPC-object" />

== Physical characteristics == The asteroid's [[Asteroid spectral type|spectral type]] is unknown. Based on its albedo ''(see below)'', it is a stony rather than carbonaceous asteroid.

=== Rotation period === As of 2018, no rotational [[lightcurve]] of Apian has been obtained from photometric observations. The asteroid's [[rotation period]], poles and shape remain unknown.<ref name="jpldata" /><ref name="lcdb" />

=== Diameter and albedo === According to the survey carried out by the [[NEOWISE]] mission of NASA's [[Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer]], Apian measures 5.643 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an [[astronomical albedo|albedo]] of 0.265.<ref name="Masiero-2011" />

== Naming == This [[minor planet]] was named after [[Petrus Apianus]] (1495–1552), also known as Peter Apian, a German mathematician and cartographer, who also built astronomical instruments. He is best known for his [[sky atlas]] ''[[Astronomicum Caesareum]]'' published in 1540. The lunar crater [[Apianus (crater)|Apianus]] was also named in his honor.<ref name="springer" />

The approved naming citation was published by the [[Minor Planet Center]] on 20 November 2002 ({{small|[[Minor Planet Circulars|M.P.C.]] 47168}}).<ref name="MPC-Circulars-Archive" />

== References == {{reflist|30em|refs=

<ref name="jpldata">{{cite web |type = 2017-03-17 last obs. |title = JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 19139 Apian (1989 GJ8) |url = https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2019139 |publisher = [[Jet Propulsion Laboratory]] |access-date = 3 January 2018}}</ref>

<ref name="springer">{{cite book |title = Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – (19139) Apian |last = Schmadel | first = Lutz D. |publisher = [[Springer Berlin Heidelberg]] |page = 856 |date = 2006 |isbn = 978-3-540-00238-3 |doi = 10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_9543 |chapter = (19139) Apian }}</ref>

<ref name="MPC-object">{{cite web |title = 19139 Apian (1989 GJ8) |work = Minor Planet Center |url = https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/db_search/show_object?object_id=19139 |access-date = 3 January 2018}}</ref>

<ref name="MPC-Circulars-Archive">{{cite web |title = MPC/MPO/MPS Archive |work = Minor Planet Center |url = https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/ECS/MPCArchive/MPCArchive_TBL.html |access-date = 3 January 2018}}</ref>

<ref name="AstDys-object">{{cite web |title = Asteroid 19139 Apian – Proper Elements |publisher = AstDyS-2, Asteroids – Dynamic Site |url = https://newton.spacedys.com/astdys/index.php?pc=1.1.6&n=19139 |access-date= 29 October 2019}}</ref>

<ref name="Masiero-2011">{{cite journal |display-authors = 6 |first1 = Joseph R. |last1 = Masiero |first2 = A. K. |last2 = Mainzer |first3 = T. |last3 = Grav |first4 = J. M. |last4 = Bauer |first5 = R. M. |last5 = Cutri |first6 = J. |last6 = Dailey |first7 = P. R. M. |last7 = Eisenhardt |first8 = R. S. |last8 = McMillan |first9 = T. B. |last9 = Spahr |first10 = M. F. |last10 = Skrutskie |first11 = D. |last11 = Tholen |first12 = R. G. |last12 = Walker |first13 = E. L. |last13 = Wright |first14 = E. |last14 = DeBaun |first15 = D. |last15 = Elsbury |first16 = T. IV |last16 = Gautier |first17 = S. |last17 = Gomillion |first18 = A. |last18 = Wilkins |date = November 2011 |title = Main Belt Asteroids with WISE/NEOWISE. I. Preliminary Albedos and Diameters |url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2011ApJ...741...68M |journal = The Astrophysical Journal |volume = 741 |issue = 2 |page = 20 |bibcode = 2011ApJ...741...68M |doi = 10.1088/0004-637X/741/2/68 |arxiv = 1109.4096 |access-date= 3 January 2018}}</ref>

<ref name="lcdb">{{cite LCDB|number = 19139 |access-date = 3 January 2018}}</ref>

}}

== External links == * [http://www.minorplanet.info/PHP/lcdbsummaryquery.php Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB)], query form ([http://www.minorplanet.info/lightcurvedatabase.html info] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721225144/http://www.minorplanet.info/lightcurvedatabase.html |date=21 July 2011 }}) * [https://books.google.com/books?id=aeAg1X7afOoC&pg Dictionary of Minor Planet Names], Google books * [http://obswww.unige.ch/~behrend/page_cou.html Asteroids and comets rotation curves, CdR] – Observatoire de Genève, Raoul Behrend * [https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/lists/NumberedMPs015001.html Discovery Circumstances: Numbered Minor Planets (15001)-(20000)] – Minor Planet Center * {{AstDys|19139}} * {{JPL small body}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Apian}} [[Category:Background asteroids|019139]] [[Category:Discoveries by Freimut Börngen]] [[Category:Named minor planets]] [[Category:Astronomical objects discovered in 1989|19890406]]