{{Short description|none}} <!-- "none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive; see WP:SDNONE --> {{Refimprove|date=July 2017}} {{Year nav topic5|1830|science}} {{Science year nav|1830}}

The year '''1830 in science''' and technology involved some significant events, listed below.

==Astronomy== * March 16 – Great Comet of 1830 (C/1830 F1, 1830 I) first observed from Mauritius. * Johann Heinrich Mädler and Wilhelm Beer produce the first map of the surface of Mars.

==Biology== * Charles Bell publishes his ''Nervous System of the Human Body''. * Johannes Peter Müller publishes his ''Bildungsgeschichte der Genitalien'' in which he traces the development of the paramesonephric duct. * William Jackson Hooker commences publication of ''The British Flora''.

==Exploration== * October 14 – {{HMS|Beagle}} returns to England from her first voyage, a hydrographic survey of the Patagonia and Tierra del Fuego regions of South America. * Southern Ocean Expedition – John Biscoe sets out from England on an expedition to find new seal-hunting grounds in the Southern Ocean.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.antarcticaonline.com/antarctica/history/history.htm |title=Antarctic History, antarcticaonline.com |access-date=2007-08-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070810023151/http://www.antarcticaonline.com/antarctica/history/history.htm |archive-date=10 August 2007 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Geology== 220px|thumb|right|Frontispiece of Lyell's ''Principles of Geology'' * Charles Lyell publishes the first volume of his ''Principles of Geology, being an attempt to explain the former changes of the Earth's surface, by reference to causes now in operation''.

==Medicine== * Thomas Southwood Smith publishes the standard textbook ''A Treatise on Fever'' in London. * Approximate date – The chain osteotome, a form of chainsaw, is invented by German orthopaedist Bernhard Heine.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Heine|first=Bernhard|editor-last=Wakley|editor-first=Thomas|editor-link=Thomas Wakley|title=New Instrument Called the Osteotome Designed for the Ablation of Bones|date=1834-09-27|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pj9PAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA129|journal=The Lancet|location=London|volume=1|pages=127–133}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|first1=Dorothy M.|last1=Schullian|last2=Seufert|first2=Wolf D.|year=1980|title=The Chain Osteotome by Heine|journal=Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences|volume=XXXV|issue=4|pages=454–459|doi=10.1093/jhmas/XXXV.4.454 |pmid=7005321 |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/jhmas/XXXV.4.454|url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Peltier|first=Leonard F.|title=Orthopedics: History and Iconography|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iYXel4RXuU8C&pg=PA37|accessdate=2012-12-02|year=1993|publisher=Norman Publishing|isbn=9780930405472|pages=37–}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Tillmanns|first=Hermann|title=The principles of surgery and surgical pathology: general rules governing operations and the application of dressings|url=https://archive.org/details/principlessurge00tillgoog|accessdate=2012-12-02|year=1895|publisher=D. Appleton & Company|pages=[https://archive.org/details/principlessurge00tillgoog/page/n98 84]–}}</ref>

==Technology== * July 13 – John Ruggles is granted United States patent [https://patents.google.com/patent/US1 No. 1], for applying rack railway equipment to the "Locomotive steam-engine for rail and other roads". * July 17 – Barthélemy Thimonnier is granted a French patent (#7454) for a sewing machine: it chain stitches at 200/minute. * August 31 – Edwin Budding is granted a United Kingdom patent for the lawnmower. * October 20 – Thomas Cochrane is granted a patent for the first airlock. * Aeneas Coffey is granted a United Kingdom patent for an improved column still. * Eaton Hodgkinson publishes his pioneering paper on the optimum cross section for cast iron structural beams.<ref>"Theoretical and Experimental Researches to Ascertain the strength and best forms of Iron beams". ''Memoirs of the Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society'' 2nd ser. '''5''':407-544.</ref> * Stephen H. Long designs the Long truss wooden bridge.

==Veterinary medicine== * Sheep dip is invented by George Wilson of Coldstream, Scotland.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030112215950/http://www.coldstream-scotland.co.uk/howden.html|title=W. E. Howden|work=Coldstream|accessdate=2026-01-31|via=Wayback Machine}}</ref>

==Institutions== * Geographical Society of London established.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rgs.org/aboutus/history.htm|title=History of the Society|publisher=Royal Geographical Society|access-date=2023-02-25}}</ref>

==Publications== * Charles Babbage publishes ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=3bgPAAAAMAAJ&q=charles+babbage Reflections on the Decline of Science in England, and on Some of Its Causes]''. * Auguste Comte begins publication of his ''Course of Positive Philosophy (Cours de Philosophie Positive)''.

==Awards== * Copley Medal: not awarded<ref>{{cite web |title=Copley Medal {{!}} British scientific award |url=https://www.britannica.com/science/Copley-Medal |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |accessdate=22 July 2020 |language=en}}</ref>

==Births== * March 5 – Étienne-Jules Marey (died 1904), French physiologist. * March 5 – Charles Wyville Thomson (died 1882), Scottish marine biologist. * April 21 &ndash; Clémence Royer (died 1902), French anthropologist. * May 10 – François-Marie Raoult (died 1901), French chemist. * May 11 (April 29 O.S.) – Emanoil Bacaloglu (died 1891), Romanian polymath. * August 19 – Lothar Meyer (died 1895), German chemist. * September 7 – Mary Treat (died 1923), American naturalist. * October 24 – Marianne North (died 1890), English botanist. * November 20 – Sigismond Jaccoud (died 1913), Swiss physician.

==Deaths== * March 2 – Samuel Thomas von Sömmerring (born 1755), German physician, anatomist, paleontologist and inventor. * March 29 – James Rennell (born 1742), English cartographer and oceanographer. * May 16 – Joseph Fourier (born 1768), French mathematician. * August 24 – Louis Pierre Vieillot (born 1748), French ornithologist. * Clelia Durazzo Grimaldi (born 1760), Italian botanist.

==References== {{Reflist}}

Category:1830 in science Category:19th century in science Category:1830s in science