17 Comae Berenices

{{Short description|Multiple star system in the constellation Coma Berenices}} {{Starbox begin}} {{Starbox image | image= {{Location mark | image=Coma Berenices IAU.svg | float=center | width=300 | position=right | mark=Red circle.svg | mark_width=10 | mark_link=17 Com | x%=63.0 | y%=40.5 }} | caption=Location of 17 Com (circled) }} {{Starbox observe 3s | epoch = J2000.0 | constell = [[Coma Berenices]] | component1 = 17 Com A | ra1 = {{RA|12|28|54.702}}<ref name=GaiaDR3_A/> | dec1 = {{DEC|+25|54|46.27}}<ref name=GaiaDR3_A/> | appmag_v1 = {{val|5.242|0.004}}<ref name=Paunzen_et_al_2021/> | component2 = 17 Com B | ra2 = {{RA|12|28|44.565}}<ref name=GaiaDR3_B/> | dec2 = {{DEC|+25|53|57.56}}<ref name=GaiaDR3_B/> | appmag_v2 = 6.635<ref name=Iliev_et_al_2006/> | component3 = 17 Com C | ra3 = {{RA|12|28|44.579}}<ref name=GaiaDR3_C/> | dec3 = {{DEC|+25|53|56.00}}<ref name=GaiaDR3_C/> | appmag_v3 = 13.7<ref name=msc/> }} {{Starbox character | component1 = 17 Com A | type = | class = A0p<ref name=Romanovskaya_et_al_2020/> A0 SrCrEu<ref name=Paunzen_et_al_2021/> | b-v = {{val|−0.056|0.009}}<ref name=Anderson_Francis_2012/> | u-b = | variable = {{nowrap|[[Alpha2 Canum Venaticorum variables|α2 CVn]] + [[Delta Scuti variable|δ Sct]](?)}}<ref name=Samus_et_al_2017/> | component2 = 17 Com B | type2 = [[main sequence]]<ref name=GaiaDR3_B/> | class2 = kA2hA9VmF0<ref name=Abt_Cardona_1984/> | b-v2 = 0.216<ref name=Iliev_et_al_2006/> | u-b2 = 0.084<ref name=Iliev_et_al_2006/> | variable2 = }} {{Starbox astrometry | component1 = 17 Com A | radial_v = {{val|−1.4|0.5}}<ref name=Gontcharov2006/> | prop_mo_ra = −23.071 | prop_mo_dec = −15.110 | pm_footnote = <ref name=GaiaDR3_A/> | parallax = 12.9991 | p_error = 0.3721 | parallax_footnote = <ref name=GaiaDR3_A/> | absmag_v = 0.98<ref name=Anderson_Francis_2012/> | component2 = 17 Com B | radial_v2 = {{val|−1.8|0.1}}<ref name=de_Bruijne_Eilers_2012/> | prop_mo_ra2 = −22.231 | prop_mo_dec2 = −17.055 | pm_footnote2 = <ref name=GaiaDR3_B/> | parallax2 = 13.9752 | p_error2 = 0.0872 | parallax_footnote2 = <ref name=GaiaDR3_B/> | absmag_v2 = 2.46<ref name=Anderson_Francis_2012/> }} {{Starbox orbit | reference = <ref name=Abt_Willmarth_1999/> | primary = 17 Com B | name = 17 Com C | period =  | period_unitless = {{val|68.290|0.012|u=days}} | axis =  | axis_unitless =  | eccentricity = {{val|0.296|0.008}} | inclination =  | node =  | periastron = {{val|2448313.4|0.4|u=JD|fmt=commas}} | periarg = {{val|260.7|2.2}} | periarg_primary =  | k1 = {{val|14.0|0.2}} | k2 =  }} {{Starbox detail | source = | component1 = 17 Com A | mass = {{val|2.38|u=solar mass}}<ref name=Paunzen_et_al_2021/> {{val|2.61|u=solar mass}}<ref name=David_Hillenbrand_2015/> {{val|2.75|0.3}}<ref name=Minier_Deal_2020a/> | radius = 2.09<ref name=Romanovskaya_et_al_2020/> | luminosity = 42.7<ref name=Romanovskaya_et_al_2020/> | gravity = {{val|4.27|u=cgs}}<ref name=David_Hillenbrand_2015/> {{val|3.70|0.20}}<ref name=Minier_Deal_2020a/> | temperature = {{val|10212|u=K|fmt=commas}}<ref name=Romanovskaya_et_al_2020/> {{val|9309|250|fmt=commas}}<ref name=Minier_Deal_2020a/> | metal_fe = | rotation = | rotational_velocity = {{val|20.4|0.4}}<ref name=Romanovskaya_et_al_2020/> | age_myr = 101<ref name=David_Hillenbrand_2015/> }} {{Starbox detail|no_heading=y | component1 = 17 Com B | mass = {{val|1.74|0.6}}<ref name=Minier_Deal_2020b/> | temperature = {{val|8068|200|fmt=commas}}<ref name=Minier_Deal_2020b/> | luminosity = 8.9<ref name=hu2023/> | radius = 1.7<ref name=hu2023/> | gravity = {{val|4.29|0.20}}<ref name=Minier_Deal_2020b/> | rotational_velocity = 22<ref name=Iliev_et_al_2006/> | component2 = 17 Com C | mass2 = 0.61<ref name=hu2023/> | temperature2 = 4,107<ref name=hu2023/> | luminosity2 = 0.101<ref name=hu2023/> | radius2 = 0.62<ref name=hu2023/> }} {{Starbox catalog | names = {{odlist | name=BU 1080 | ADS=8568 | F=17 Com | WDS=J12289+2555 }}<ref name=SIMBAD_A/><ref name=SIMBAD_B/> | component1 = 17 Com A | names1 = {{odlist | V=AI Com | BD=+26°2354 | HD=108662 | HIP=60904 | HR=4752 | SAO=82330 | GC=17012 }}<ref name=SIMBAD_A/> | component2 = 17 Com B | names2 = {{odlist | BD=+26°2353 | HD=108651 | HIP=60891 | HR=4751 | SAO=82328 | GC=17007 }}<ref name=SIMBAD_B/> }} {{Starbox reference | Simbad = 17+Com |sn=17 Com A | Simbad2 = HD+108651 |sn2=17 Com B | Simbad3 = HD+108651B |sn3=17 Com C }} {{Starbox end}}

'''17 Comae Berenices''' (17 Com) is a multiple [[star system]] in the northern [[constellation]] of [[Coma Berenices]]. The brighter component, 17 Com A, is a [[naked eye]] star with an [[apparent visual magnitude]] of 5.2.<ref name=Paunzen_et_al_2021/> It has a companion of magnitude 6.6, 17 Com B, positioned at an [[angular separation]] of {{val|146.4|ul=arcsecond}} along a [[position angle]] of 251°, as of 2018, and a 14th-magnitude companion {{val|1.4|u="}} from 17 Com B. They are located at a distance of approximately 240 [[light year]]s from the [[Sun]] based on [[stellar parallax|parallax]] measurements.<ref name=GaiaDR3_A/>

<div style="float:left; width:240px; border:solid black 1px; text-align: center; margin: 8px; padding: 12px 12px 0 12px; font-size: 90%;"> {{tree chart/start}} {{tree chart|border=1| |, |- |S3|S3='''A''' }} {{tree chart|border=0| |! | |PC|PC=145" }} {{tree chart|border=1|- |( | |, |- |S4|S4='''Ba''' }} {{tree chart|border=0| |! |, |( |PA| |PA=68.3 days }} {{tree chart|border=1| |` |( |` |- |S4|S4='''Bb''' }} {{tree chart|border=0| | |! |PA| |PA=1.4" }} {{tree chart|border=1| | |` |- |S1| |S1='''C''' }} {{tree chart/end}} Hierarchy of orbits in the 14 Ceti system<ref name=msc/> </div>

The double nature of this system was documented by [[Friedrich Georg Wilhelm von Struve|F. G. W. Struve]] in 1836.<ref name=Mason_et_al_2014/> The pair share a [[common proper motion]] through space<ref name=Minier_Deal_2020a/> and thus may be associated. Component B is itself a [[binary star]] system, although only the brighter component is visible in the [[stellar spectrum|spectrum]].<ref name=Abt_Willmarth_1999/> The [[Washington Double Star Catalogue]] lists the companion as component C, with a magnitude of 13.7 and a separation of {{val|1.4|ul=arcsecond}}.<ref name=Mason_et_al_2014/> The 17 Com stars have been recognized as members of the [[Coma Star Cluster]],<ref name=Casewell_et_al_2006/> but this is disputed.<ref name=Silaj_Landstreet_2014/>

The star 17 Com A was classified as [[chemically peculiar star|chemically peculiar]] by [[Annie Jump Cannon|A. J. Cannon]] prior to 1918.<ref name=Perrine1018/> [[William Wilson Morgan|W. W. Morgan]] in 1932 found the star's [[spectral line]]s varied in strength and appearance,<ref name=Morgan1932a/> and detected lines of the element [[europium]].<ref name=Morgan1932b/> [[Horace W. Babcock|H. W. Babcock]] and [[Thomas Cowling|T. G. Cowling]] measured the [[Zeeman effect]] in this star, demonstrating in 1953 that it has a [[stellar magnetic field|magnetic field]].<ref name=Babcock_Cowling_1953/> In 1967, [[Ed van den Heuvel|E. P. J. van den Heuvel]] noted the [[Color index|blue excess]] of this star, suggesting it is a [[blue straggler]].<ref name=van_den_Heuvel_1967/> [[George W. Preston|G. W. Preston]] and associates in 1969 found that the luminosity and magnetic field of this star varied in strength with a time scale of around five days.<ref name=Preston_et_al_1969/>

[[File:AIComLightCurve.png|thumb|left|A [[light curve]] for AI Comae Berenices, plotted from ''[[Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite|TESS]]'' data<ref name=MAST/>]] 17 Com A is a magnetic [[chemically peculiar star|chemically peculiar]] [[Ap star]] with a [[stellar classification]] of A0p<ref name=Romanovskaya_et_al_2020/> or A0 SrCrEu,<ref name=Paunzen_et_al_2021/> with the latter indicating the [[stellar spectrum|spectrum]] shows abundance anomalies of the elements [[strontium]], [[chromium]], and europium. The level of silicon in the atmosphere is also enhanced<ref name=Savanov_et_al_1996/> and it shows a significant helium deficiency.<ref name=Romanovskaya_et_al_2020/> It has the [[variable star designation]] of AI Com, and is classified as an [[Alpha2 Canum Venaticorum variables|Alpha2 Canum Venaticorum]] variable and a suspected [[Delta Scuti variable]].<ref name=Samus_et_al_2017/> It has been identified as a suspected [[blue straggler]].<ref name=Minier_Deal_2020a/>

The primary has an estimated age of 101 million years<ref name=David_Hillenbrand_2015/> and is spinning with a [[projected rotational velocity]] of 20 km/s.<ref name=Romanovskaya_et_al_2020/> It has more than double the mass and twice the radius of the Sun.<ref name=Paunzen_et_al_2021/><ref name=Romanovskaya_et_al_2020/> The magnetic field strength is {{val|3300|150|u=G|fmt=commas}}.<ref name=Romanovskaya_et_al_2020/> It is radiating 43 times the luminosity of the Sun from its [[photosphere]] at an [[effective temperature]] of around 10,000 K.<ref name=Romanovskaya_et_al_2020/><ref name=Minier_Deal_2020a/>

The co-moving companion, component B, is a single-lined [[spectroscopic binary]] with an [[orbital period]] of 68.3 days and an [[orbital eccentricity|eccentricity]] (ovalness) of 0.3.<ref name=Abt_Willmarth_1999/> The visible member of this binary pair is a strong [[Am star]]<ref name=Iliev_et_al_2006/> with a class of kA2hA9VmF0,<ref name=Abt_Cardona_1984/> indicating it has the [[Calcium K-line]]s of an A0 star, the [[hydrogen lines]] of an A9 star, and the metallic lines of an F0 star.<ref name=Gray_Corbally_2009/>

==References== <references> <ref name=GaiaDR3_A>{{Cite Gaia DR3|3960724252307532672}}</ref>

<ref name=SIMBAD_A>{{cite simbad | title=HD 108662 | access-date=2022-01-14 }}</ref>

<ref name=SIMBAD_B>{{cite simbad | title=HD 108651 | access-date=2022-01-14 }}</ref>

<ref name=msc>{{cite journal |last1=Tokovinin |first1=Andrei |title=The Updated Multiple Star Catalog |journal=The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series |date=2018 |volume=235 |issue=1 |page=6 |doi=10.3847/1538-4365/aaa1a5 |doi-access=free |arxiv=1712.04750 |bibcode=2018ApJS..235....6T }}</ref>

<ref name=hu2023>{{cite journal |last1=Hardegree-Ullman |first1=Kevin K. |last2=Apai |first2=Dániel |last3=Bergsten |first3=Galen J. |last4=Pascucci |first4=Ilaria |last5=López-Morales |first5=Mercedes |title=Bioverse: A Comprehensive Assessment of the Capabilities of Extremely Large Telescopes to Probe Earth-like O2 Levels in Nearby Transiting Habitable-zone Exoplanets |journal=The Astronomical Journal |date=2023 |volume=165 |issue=6 |page=267 |doi=10.3847/1538-3881/acd1ec |doi-access=free |arxiv=2304.12490 |bibcode=2023AJ....165..267H }}</ref>

<ref name=MAST>{{cite web | title=MAST: Barbara A. Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes | url=https://mast.stsci.edu/portal/Mashup/Clients/Mast/Portal.html | publisher=Space Telescope Science Institute |access-date=8 December 2021}}</ref>

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<ref name=Perrine1018>{{citation | title=On the cause underlying the spectral differences of the stars | last=Perrine | first=C. D. | postscript=. | journal=Astrophysical Journal | volume=47 | pages=289–323 | date=June 1918 | doi=10.1086/142406 | bibcode=1918ApJ....47..289P }}</ref>

<ref name=Samus_et_al_2017>{{citation | display-authors=1 | last1=Samus | first1=N. N. | last2=Kazarovets | first2=E. V. | last3=Durlevich | first3=O. V. | last4=Kireeva | first4=N. N. | last5=Pastukhova | first5=E. N. | title=General Catalogue of Variable Stars | version=5.1 | journal=Astronomy Reports | postscript=. | date=2017 | volume=61 | issue=1 | pages=80–88 | doi=10.1134/S1063772917010085 | bibcode=2017ARep...61...80S | s2cid=125853869 }}</ref>

<ref name=Savanov_et_al_1996>{{citation | title=A study of the atmospheres of the SrCrEu stars 17 Com A and 21 Com in the Coma Cluster | display-authors=1 | last1=Savanov | first1=I. S. | last2=Ryabchikova | first2=T. A. | last3=Davydova | last4=E. S. | journal=Astronomy Letters | postscript=. | volume=22 | issue=6 | pages=815–821 | date=November 1996 | bibcode=1996AstL...22..815S }}</ref>

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<ref name=Preston_et_al_1969>{{citation | title=The magnetic field and light variations of 17 COM and kap Cnc | display-authors=1 | last1=Preston | first1=G. W. | last2=Stepien | first2=K. | last3=Wolff | first3=S. C. | journal=Astrophysical Journal | postscript=. | volume=156 | page=653 | date=May 1969 | doi=10.1086/149995 | bibcode=1969ApJ...156..653P }}</ref>

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<ref name=Morgan1932b>{{citation | title=Studies in Peculiar Stellar Spectra. III. on the Occurrence of Europium in A-Type Stars | last=Morgan | first=W. W. | postscript=. | journal=Astrophysical Journal | volume=75 | page=46 | date=January 1932 | doi=10.1086/143354 | bibcode=1932ApJ....75...46M | doi-access=free }}</ref>

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<ref name=Minier_Deal_2020b>{{citation | title=The Surface Abundances of 17 Com B: A Test for Self-consistent Evolutionary Models | last1=Deal | first1=Morgan | last2=Monier | first2=Richard | journal=Research Notes of the AAS | postscript=. | volume=4 | issue=8 | id=144 | date=August 2020 | page=144 | doi=10.3847/2515-5172/abb01f | bibcode=2020RNAAS...4..144D | s2cid=225379385 | doi-access=free }}</ref>

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<ref name=Paunzen_et_al_2021>{{citation | title=Magnetic chemically peculiar stars investigated by the Solar Mass Ejection Imager | display-authors=1 | last1=Paunzen | first1=E. | last2=Supíková | first2=J. | last3=Bernhard | first3=K. | last4=Hümmerich | first4=S. | last5=Prišegen | first5=M. | journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society | volume=504 | issue=3 | pages=3758–3772 | postscript=. | date=July 2021 | doi=10.1093/mnras/stab1100 | doi-access=free | arxiv=2105.02206 | bibcode=2021MNRAS.504.3758P }}</ref>

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==External links== *{{citation | first=James B. | last=Kaler | title=17 Comae Berenices | work=Stars | date=July 25, 2014 | url=http://stars.astro.illinois.edu/sow/17com.html | access-date=2022-01-17 }}

[[Category:A-type main-sequence stars]] [[Category:Ap stars]] [[Category:Am stars]] [[Category:Alpha2 Canum Venaticorum variables]] [[Category:Delta Scuti variables]] [[Category:Spectroscopic binaries]] [[Category:Triple stars]]  [[Category:Coma Berenices]] [[Category:Bright Star Catalogue objects|4752]] [[Category:Durchmusterung objects|+26 2353]] [[Category:Flamsteed objects|Comae Berenices, 17]] [[Category:Henry Draper Catalogue objects|108662]] [[Category:Hipparcos objects|060904]] [[Category:Objects with variable star designations|Comae Berenices, AI]]