{{Short description|Carbonaceous Themistian asteroid}} {{Use dmy dates|date=October 2019}} {{Infobox planet | minorplanet = yes | name = 1764 Cogshall | background = #D6D6D6 | image = | image_size = | caption = | discovery_ref = <ref name="jpldata" /> | discoverer = Indiana University<br />{{nowrap|{{small|(Indiana Asteroid Program)}}}} | discovery_site = Goethe Link Obs. | discovered = 7 November 1953 | mpc_name = (1764) Cogshall | alt_names = {{mp|1953 VM|1}}{{·}}1935 MF<br />1939 CC{{·}}1942 VB<br />1951 LC{{·}}1952 SM<br />1953 XJ{{·}}1964 XG<br />1967 GO{{·}}{{mp|1969 TN|2}} | pronounced = | named_after = Wilbur A. Cogshall<ref name="springer" /><br />{{nowrap|{{small|(professor of astronomy at IU)}}}} | mp_category = main-belt{{·}}{{small|(outer)}}<br />Themis<ref name="lcdb" /><ref name="Ferret" /><ref name="AstDys-object" /> | orbit_ref = <ref name="jpldata" /> | epoch = 4 September 2017 (JD 2458000.5) | uncertainty = 0 | observation_arc = 82.02 yr (29,956 days) | aphelion = 3.4671 AU | perihelion = 2.7193 AU | semimajor = 3.0932 AU | eccentricity = 0.1209 | period = 5.44 yr (1,987 days) | mean_anomaly = 84.951° | mean_motion = {{Deg2DMS|0.1812|sup=ms}} / day | inclination = 2.2355° | asc_node = 152.23° | arg_peri = 79.719° | dimensions = {{val|25.14|0.64}} km<ref name="AKARI" /><br />26.13 km {{small|(derived)}}<ref name="lcdb" /><br />{{val|26.21|2.0}} km<ref name="SIMPS" /><br />{{val|26.970|0.232}} km<ref name="Masiero-2014" /><br />{{val|29.671|0.179}} km<ref name="WISE" /> | rotation = {{val|3.624|0.0052}} h {{small|(R)}}<ref name="Waszczak-2015" /><br />{{val|3.62417|0.00007}} h<ref name="geneva-obs" /><br />{{val|3.630|0.0052}} h {{small|(S)}}<ref name="Waszczak-2015" /> | albedo = {{val|0.0606|0.0086}}<ref name="WISE" /><br />0.0712 {{small|(derived)}}<ref name="lcdb" /><br />{{val|0.0852|0.015}}<ref name="SIMPS" /><br />{{val|0.094|0.005}}<ref name="AKARI" /><br />{{val|0.109|0.010}}<ref name="Masiero-2014" /> | spectral_type = S/C {{small|(generically assumed)}}<ref name="lcdb" /> | abs_magnitude = 11.20<ref name="AKARI" /><ref name="SIMPS" />{{·}}{{val|11.248|0.002}} {{small|(R)}}<ref name="Waszczak-2015" />{{·}}11.3<ref name="WISE" />{{·}}11.4<ref name="jpldata" /><ref name="lcdb" /> }}
'''1764 Cogshall''', provisional designation {{mp|1953 VM|1}}, is a carbonaceous Themistian asteroid from the outer regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 26 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 7 November 1953 by astronomers of the Indiana Asteroid Program at Goethe Link Observatory in Indiana, United States.<ref name="MPC-object" /> The asteroid was named after Wilbur Cogshall, professor of astronomy at Indiana University.<ref name="springer" />
== Orbit and classification ==
''Cogshall'' is a Themistian asteroid that belongs to the Themis family ({{small|602}}),<ref name="Ferret" /><ref name="AstDys-object" /> a very large family of carbonaceous asteroids named after 24 Themis.<ref name="Nesvorny-2014" />{{rp|23}} It orbits the Sun in the outer main belt at a distance of 2.7–3.5 AU once every 5 years and 5 months (1,987 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.12 and an inclination of 2° concerning to the ecliptic.<ref name="jpldata" />
The asteroid was first identified as {{mp|1935 MF}} at Johannesburg Observatory in June 1935. The body's observation arc begins with its identification as {{mp|1939 CC}} at Turku Observatory in February 1939, more than 14 years before its official discovery observation at Goethe Link.<ref name="MPC-object" />
== Physical characteristics ==
=== Rotation period ===
In May 2005, French amateur astronomer Pierre Antonini obtained a rotational lightcurve of ''Cogshall'' from photometric observations. Lightcurve analysis gave a well-defined rotation period of 3.62417 hours with a brightness variation of 0.21 magnitude ({{small|U=3}}).<ref name="geneva-obs" />
Observations at the Palomar Transient Factory in 2012 gave a concurring period of 3.624 and 3.630 hours with an amplitude of 0.22 and 0.20 magnitude in the R- and S-band, respectively ({{small|U=2/2}}).<ref name="Waszczak-2015" />
=== Diameter and albedo ===
According to the surveys carried out by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS, the Japanese Akari satellite, and the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, ''Cogshall'' measures between 25.14 and 29.671 kilometers in diameter, and its surface has an albedo between 0.0606 and 0.109.<ref name="AKARI" /><ref name="SIMPS" /><ref name="Masiero-2014" /><ref name="WISE" />
The ''Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link'' derives an albedo of 0.0712 and a diameter of 26.13 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 11.4.<ref name="lcdb" />
== Naming ==
This minor planet was named after American astronomer Wilbur A. Cogshall, a professor of astronomy at Indiana University and director of the Kirkwood Observatory for more than four decades (1900–1944). His research included visual binary stars and the photography of solar eclipses. The name was proposed by Frank K. Edmondson, who initiated the Indiana Asteroid Program.<ref name="springer" /><ref name="IA-Kirkwood-Observatory" /> The Minor Planet Center published the official {{MoMP|1764|naming citation}} on 20 February 1971 (M.P.C. 3143).<ref name="DoMP-Circular-dates" />
== References == {{reflist|30em|refs=
<ref name="jpldata">{{cite web |type = 2017-07-05 last obs. |title = JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 1764 Cogshall (1953 VM1) |url = https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2001764 |publisher = Jet Propulsion Laboratory |accessdate = 6 September 2017}}</ref>
<ref name="springer">{{cite book |last = Schmadel | first = Lutz D. |title = Dictionary of Minor Planet Names |publisher = Springer Berlin Heidelberg |page = 141 |date = 2007 |isbn = 978-3-540-00238-3 |doi = 10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_1765 |chapter = (1764) Cogshall }}</ref>
<ref name="IA-Kirkwood-Observatory">{{cite web |title = Farseeing and Abiding at IU |author = Lauren J. Bryant |publisher = Indiana University |url = http://www.indiana.edu/~rcapub/v27n1/farseeing.shtml |accessdate = 6 September 2017}}</ref>
<ref name="MPC-object">{{cite web |title = 1764 Cogshall (1953 VM1) |work = Minor Planet Center |url = https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/db_search/show_object?object_id=1764 |accessdate = 6 September 2017}}</ref>
<ref name="DoMP-Circular-dates">{{cite book |title = Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – Addendum to Fifth Edition (2006–2008) |year = 2009 |url = https://archive.org/details/dictionaryminorp2008schm |url-access = limited |chapter = Appendix – Publication Dates of the MPCs |last = Schmadel |first=Lutz D. |publisher = Springer Berlin Heidelberg |page = [https://archive.org/details/dictionaryminorp2008schm/page/n230 221] |isbn = 978-3-642-01964-7 |doi = 10.1007/978-3-642-01965-4}}</ref>
<ref name="geneva-obs">{{cite web |title = Asteroids and comets rotation curves – (1764) Cogshall |last = Behrend |first = Raoul |publisher = Geneva Observatory |url = http://obswww.unige.ch/~behrend/page4cou.html#001764 |accessdate = 6 September 2017}}</ref>
<ref name="Masiero-2014">{{cite journal |display-authors = 6 |first1 = Joseph R. |last1 = Masiero |first2 = T. |last2 = Grav |first3 = A. K. |last3 = Mainzer |first4 = C. R. |last4 = Nugent |first5 = J. M. |last5 = Bauer |first6 = R. |last6 = Stevenson |first7 = S. |last7 = Sonnett |date = August 2014 |title = Main-belt Asteroids with WISE/NEOWISE: Near-infrared Albedos |journal = The Astrophysical Journal |volume = 791 |issue = 2 |page = 11 |bibcode = 2014ApJ...791..121M |doi = 10.1088/0004-637X/791/2/121 |arxiv = 1406.6645}}</ref>
<ref name="lcdb">{{cite LCDB|number = 1764 |accessdate = 6 September 2017}}</ref>
<ref name="AKARI">{{cite journal |display-authors = 6 |first1 = Fumihiko |last1 = Usui |first2 = Daisuke |last2 = Kuroda |first3 = Thomas G. |last3 = Müller |first4 = Sunao |last4 = Hasegawa |first5 = Masateru |last5 = Ishiguro |first6 = Takafumi |last6 = Ootsubo |first7 = Daisuke |last7 = Ishihara |first8 = Hirokazu |last8 = Kataza |first9 = Satoshi |last9 = Takita |first10 = Shinki |last10 = Oyabu |first11 = Munetaka |last11 = Ueno |first12 = Hideo |last12 = Matsuhara |first13 = Takashi |last13 = Onaka |date = October 2011 |title = Asteroid Catalog Using Akari: AKARI/IRC Mid-Infrared Asteroid Survey |journal = Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan |volume = 63 |issue = 5 |pages = 1117–1138 |bibcode = 2011PASJ...63.1117U |doi = 10.1093/pasj/63.5.1117 |doi-access= }} ([http://vizier.cfa.harvard.edu/viz-bin/VizieR-5?-source=J/PASJ/63/1117/acua_v1&Num=1764 online], [https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/43545172.pdf AcuA catalog p. 153])</ref>
<ref name="SIMPS">{{cite journal |first1 = E. F. |last1 = Tedesco |first2 = P. V. |last2 = Noah |first3 = M. |last3 = Noah |first4 = S. D. |last4 = Price |date = October 2004 |title = IRAS Minor Planet Survey V6.0 |journal = NASA Planetary Data System |bibcode = 2004PDSS...12.....T}}</ref>
<ref name="WISE">{{cite journal |display-authors = 6 |first1 = A. |last1 = Mainzer |first2 = T. |last2 = Grav |first3 = J. |last3 = Masiero |first4 = E. |last4 = Hand |first5 = J. |last5 = Bauer |first6 = D. |last6 = Tholen |first7 = R. S. |last7 = McMillan |first8 = T. |last8 = Spahr |first9 = R. M. |last9 = Cutri |first10 = E. |last10 = Wright |first11 = J. |last11 = Watkins |first12 = W. |last12 = Mo |first13 = C. |last13 = Maleszewski |date = November 2011 |title = NEOWISE Studies of Spectrophotometrically Classified Asteroids: Preliminary Results |journal = The Astrophysical Journal |volume = 741 |issue = 2 |page = 25 |bibcode = 2011ApJ...741...90M |doi = 10.1088/0004-637X/741/2/90 |arxiv = 1109.6407}}</ref>
<ref name="Waszczak-2015">{{cite journal |display-authors = 6 |first1 = Adam |last1 = Waszczak |first2 = Chan-Kao |last2 = Chang |first3 = Eran O. |last3 = Ofek |first4 = Russ |last4 = Laher |first5 = Frank |last5 = Masci |first6 = David |last6 = Levitan |first7 = Jason |last7 = Surace |first8 = Yu-Chi |last8 = Cheng |first9 = Wing-Huen |last9 = Ip |first10 = Daisuke |last10 = Kinoshita |first11 = George |last11 = Helou |first12 = Thomas A. |last12 = Prince |first13 = Shrinivas |last13 = Kulkarni |date = September 2015 |title = Asteroid Light Curves from the Palomar Transient Factory Survey: Rotation Periods and Phase Functions from Sparse Photometry |journal = The Astronomical Journal |volume = 150 |issue = 3 |page = 35 |bibcode = 2015AJ....150...75W |doi = 10.1088/0004-6256/150/3/75 |arxiv = 1504.04041}}</ref>
<ref name="Ferret">{{cite web |title = Asteroid 1764 Cogshall – Nesvorny HCM Asteroid Families V3.0 |work = Small Bodies Data Ferret |url = https://sbntools.psi.edu/ferret/SimpleSearch/results.action?targetName=1764+Cogshall#Asteroid%201764%20CogshallEAR-A-VARGBDET-5-NESVORNYFAM-V3.0 |accessdate = 31 October 2019}}</ref>
<ref name="AstDys-object">{{cite web |title = Asteroid 1764 Cogshall – Proper Elements |publisher = AstDyS-2, Asteroids – Dynamic Site |url = https://newton.spacedys.com/astdys/index.php?pc=1.1.6&n=1764 |access-date= 31 October 2019}}</ref>
<ref name="Nesvorny-2014">{{Cite book |first1 = D. |last1 = Nesvorný |first2 = M. |last2 = Broz |first3 = V. |last3 = Carruba |date = December 2014 |chapter = Identification and Dynamical Properties of Asteroid Families |title = Asteroids IV |pages = 297–321 |bibcode = 2015aste.book..297N |doi = 10.2458/azu_uapress_9780816532131-ch016 |arxiv = 1502.01628 |isbn = 9780816532131}}</ref>
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== External links == * [http://www.minorplanet.info/PHP/lcdbsummaryquery.php Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB)], query form ([http://www.minorplanet.info/lightcurvedatabase.html info] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171216050541/http://www.minorplanet.info/lightcurvedatabase.html |date=16 December 2017 }}) * [https://books.google.com/books?id=aeAg1X7afOoC&pg Dictionary of Minor Planet Names], Google books * [http://obswww.unige.ch/~behrend/page_cou.html Asteroids and comets rotation curves, CdR] – Observatoire de Genève, Raoul Behrend * [https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/lists/NumberedMPs000001.html Discovery Circumstances: Numbered Minor Planets (1)-(5000)] – Minor Planet Center * {{AstDys|1764}} * {{JPL small body}}
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