{{short description|Japanese DC electric multiple unit train type}} {{Use dmy dates|date=January 2022}} {{Infobox train | name = 157 series | image = 157series01.JPG | imagealt = | imagesize = 300px | caption = A 157 series EMU on an imperial train working, June 1978 | service = September 1959–1980 | manufacturer = [[Kawasaki Railcar Manufacturing|Kawasaki Sharyo]], [[Kisha Seizo]], [[Nippon Sharyo]] | factory = | family = | replaced = | yearconstruction = 1959–1963 | yearservice = | refurbishment = | yearscrapped = | numberconstruction= | numberbuilt = 32 vehicles | numberservice = None | numberpreserved = 1 vehicle | numberscrapped = 31 vehicles | formation = | fleetnumbers = | capacity = | operator = [[JNR]] | depots = Tamachi | lines = | carbody = Steel | trainlength = | carlength = | width = | height = | floorheight = | doors = | maxspeed = | weight = | acceleration = | deceleration = | traction = [[Resistor|Resistor control]] | traction motors = MT46 | poweroutput = 100kW | transmission = Gear Ratio: 1:4.21 (19:80) | aux = | powersupply = | hvac = | electricsystem = 1,500 V DC | collectionmethod = Overhead wire | bogies = | brakes = | safety = | coupling = | multipleworking = | gauge = {{Track gauge|1067mm|lk=on}} }} The {{Nihongo|'''157 series'''|157系}} was a Japanese DC [[electric multiple unit]] (EMU) train type operated on [[limited express]] services by [[Japanese National Railways]] (JNR) from 1959 until 1980.
==Operations== The 157 series EMUs were first introduced by JNR on ''[[Nikkō (train)|Nikkō]]'' semi express services between {{STN|Tokyo|x}} and {{STN|Nikkō|x}} on 22 September 1959 to counter competition from the private company [[Tobu Railway]], which also operated trains to Nikkō.<ref name="Shinkansen-Tokkyu 2011">{{cite book | last = Ogano| first = Minoru |title = 新幹線・特急大図鑑2011 |trans-title=Shinkansen & Limited Express Directory 2011| publisher = JTB Publishing | date = March 2011 | location = Japan | page = 132| isbn = 978-4-533-08193-4}}</ref> They were also used on ''Chusenji'' services between {{STN|Shinjuku|x}} and Nikkō, and ''[[Nasuno (train)|Nasuno]]'' services between {{STN|Ueno|x}} and {{STN|Kuroiso|x}}.<ref name="railfan623">{{cite journal|last = Fukuhara | first = Shunichi| title = 国鉄157系を振り返る|trans-title= Looking back at the JNR 157 series| journal = [[Japan Railfan Magazine]] | volume = 53| issue = 623|pages=97–101|language= ja| date = March 2013}}</ref>
157 series EMUs were also introduced on seasonal ''Hibiki'' services on the [[Tokaido Main Line]] from 21 November 1959, and were later used on ''Amagi'' and ''[[Soyokaze]]'' services.<ref name="Shinkansen-Tokkyu 2011"/>
<gallery> File:157 Hibiki Yokohama.jpg|A 157 series set on a ''Hibiki'' limited express service in the 1970s File:157 Shirane Ueno Station 19740811.jpg|A 157 series set on a ''Shirane'' limited express service from Ueno, August 1974 </gallery>
==Fleet details== * KuMoHa 157-1 – 10: Driving motor cars<ref name="jnrexpress2013">{{cite book |title = 写真とイラストで見る国鉄急行型電車のすべて |trans-title=JNR Express EMUs in pictures|publisher = Neko Publishing Ltd.|date = 29 November 2013 |location = Japan |pages = 36–39|isbn = 978-4-7770-1532-0}}</ref> * MoHa 156-1 – 10: Intermediate motor cars, with one pantograph<ref name="jnrexpress2013"/> * SaHa 157-1 – 5: Intermediate trailer cars<ref name="jnrexpress2013"/> * SaRo 157-1 – 6: Intermediate "Green" (first class) trailer cars<ref name="jnrexpress2013"/> * KuRo 157-1: Imperial train car (see below)<ref name="jnrexpress2013"/>
==External livery== Initially painted in the JNR livery of beige ("Cream No. 4") and crimson ("Red No. 11"), the red colour was later changed to a slightly darker shade ("Red No. 2") when the sets were modified with the addition of air-conditioning.<ref name="railfan623"/>
==KuRo 157-1 imperial train car== The 157 series fleet included a dedicated [[Royal train#Japan|imperial train]] car, built by Kawasaki Sharyo (present-day [[Kawasaki Heavy Industries]]) and delivered in June 1960.<ref name="railfan549">{{cite journal| last = Okada| first = Seiichi| title = 1号御料車とクロ157|trans-title= Imperial Carriage No. 1 and KuRo 157| journal = [[Japan Railfan Magazine]] | volume = 47| issue = 549|pages=9–31|language= ja| date = January 2007}}</ref> Numbered KuRo 157-1, the car could be inserted into 157 series formations for use on imperial train workings.<ref name="neko2009">{{cite book | title = JR全車輌ハンドブック2009 |trans-title=JR Rolling Stock Handbook 2009| publisher = Neko Publishing | year = 2009 | location = Japan | page = 140| isbn = 978-4-7770-0836-0}}</ref> One end had a gangwayed driving cab based on the [[153 series]] EMU design, although the car was normally sandwiched in the middle of a 157 series formation, and was only very rarely used with the driving cab leading.<ref name="railfan549"/> In 1979, the car was modified for use in conjunction with [[183 series]] EMUs, with the first official working on 2 July 1980.<ref name="railfan549"/> From March 1985, it was repainted in cream with a green stripe for use in conjunction with [[185 series]] EMUs.<ref name="railfan549"/>
The last official operation of the car was on 8 September 1993.<ref name="railfan549"/>
Following retirement, the KuRo 157-1 car remained in storage at Tamachi Depot for many years, but was moved to Tokyo General Rolling Stock Centre in the early hours of 2 December 2012.<ref name="railfan622">{{cite journal| title = 12/2, クロ157-1・クモヤ145-114が東京総合車両センターへ|trans-title= KuRo 157-1 and KuMoYa 145-114 moved to Tokyo General Rolling Stock Centre| journal = [[Japan Railfan Magazine]] | volume = 53| issue = 622|page=162| date = February 2013}}</ref>
<gallery> File:157series03tsc.jpg|The dedicated imperial train car KuRo 157-1, June 1977 File:183royal.JPG|The imperial train car KuRo 157-1 sandwiched in a 183 series set, August 1980 </gallery>
==History== The first 157 series set was delivered in August 1959, and entered service on ''[[Nikkō (train)|Nikkō]]'' semi express services between Tokyo and Nikkō from 22 September 1959.<ref name="railfan623"/> Air-conditioning was added to the trains from 1962.<ref name="teramoto2001">{{cite book| last = Teramoto | first = Mitsuteru | title = 国鉄・ＪＲ列車名大辞典 |trans-title=JNR & JR Train Name Encyclopedia| publisher = Chuoshoin Publishing Co., Ltd. | date = July 2001 | location = Tokyo, Japan | pages = 424–425| isbn = 978-4-88732-093-2}}</ref>
With the exception of the special imperial train car KuRo 157-1, the entire fleet of 157 series trains was withdrawn by 1980.<ref name="railfan623"/>
==Fleet details== The individual car histories are as follows.<ref name="jrr2016_winter">{{cite book |script-title=ja: JR電車編成表 2016冬 |trans-title=JR EMU Formations – Winter 2016 |publisher = Kotsu Shimbunsha |date = 18 November 2015 |location = Japan |language = ja |pages = 385–386|isbn = 978-4-330-62315-3}}</ref> [[File:157series06mc.JPG|thumb|KuMoHa 157-2 in March 1980]] [[File:157series07m'.JPG|thumb|MoHa 156-2 in March 1980]] {| class="wikitable" |- ! Car No. !! Manufacturer !! Delivery date !! Withdrawal date |- ! colspan = "4" |KuMoHa 157 |- | KuMoHa 157-1 || Kisha || 26 August 1959 || 28 November 1980 |- | KuMoHa 157-2 || Kisha || 26 August 1959 || 28 November 1980 |- | KuMoHa 157-3 || Kisha || 26 August 1959 || 15 October 1976 |- | KuMoHa 157-4 || Nippon Sharyo || 15 August 1959 || 28 June 1976 |- | KuMoHa 157-5 || Nippon Sharyo || 15 August 1959 || 15 October 1976 |- | KuMoHa 157-6 || Nippon Sharyo || 12 December 1959 || 20 July 1976 |- | KuMoHa 157-7 || Nippon Sharyo || 15 December 1960 || 20 July 1976 |- | KuMoHa 157-8 || Nippon Sharyo || 15 December 1960 || 28 June 1976 |- | KuMoHa 157-9 || Kawasaki Sharyo || 12 December 1960 || 28 June 1976 |- | KuMoHa 157-10 || Kawasaki Sharyo || 12 December 1960 || 15 October 1976 |- ! colspan = "4" |MoHa 156 |- | MoHa 156-1 || Kisha || 26 August 1959 || 28 November 1980 |- | MoHa 156-2 || Kisha || 26 August 1959 || 28 November 1980 |- | MoHa 156-3 || Kisha || 26 August 1959 || 15 October 1976 |- | MoHa 156-4 || Nippon Sharyo || 15 August 1959 || 28 June 1976 |- | MoHa 156-5 || Nippon Sharyo || 15 August 1959 || 15 October 1976 |- | MoHa 156-6 || Nippon Sharyo || 12 December 1959 || 20 July 1976 |- | MoHa 156-7 || Nippon Sharyo || 15 December 1960 || 20 July 1976 |- | MoHa 156-8 || Nippon Sharyo || 15 December 1960 || 28 June 1976 |- | MoHa 156-9 || Kawasaki Sharyo || 12 December 1960 || 28 June 1976 |- | MoHa 156-10 || Kawasaki Sharyo || 12 December 1960 || 15 October 1976 |- ! colspan = "4" |SaHa 157 |- | SaHa 157-1 || Kisha || 26 August 1959 || 20 July 1976 |- | SaHa 157-2 || Nippon Sharyo|| 15 August 1959 || 15 October 1976 |- | SaHa 157-3 || Nippon Sharyo|| 15 December 1959 || 20 July 1976 |- | SaHa 157-4 || Kawasaki Sharyo || 12 December 1960 || 15 October 1976 |- | SaHa 157-5 || Kawasaki Sharyo || 12 December 1960 || 15 October 1976 |- ! colspan = "4" |SaRo 157 |- | SaRo 157-1 || Kisha || 26 August 1959 || 20 July 1976 |- | SaRo 157-2 || Nippon Sharyo|| 15 August 1959 || 28 June 1976 |- | SaRo 157-3 || Nippon Sharyo|| 15 December 1959 || 20 July 1976 |- | SaRo 157-4 || Kawasaki Sharyo || 12 December 1960 || 20 July 1976 |- | SaRo 157-5 || Kawasaki Sharyo || 12 December 1960 || 28 June 1976 |- | SaRo 157-6 || Nippon Sharyo|| 18 March 1963 || 28 June 1976 |- ! colspan = "4" |KuRo 157 |- | KuRo 157-1 || Kawasaki Sharyo || 8 July 1960 || 8 September 1993 |}
==References== {{Commons category}} {{reflist}}
{{JNR EMU}} {{JR East EMU}}
[[Category:Electric multiple units of Japan]] [[Category:East Japan Railway Company]] [[Category:Train-related introductions in 1959]] [[Category:1959 in rail transport]] [[Category:1500 V DC multiple units of Japan]] [[Category:Kawasaki multiple units]] [[Category:Kisha Seizo multiple units]] [[Category:Nippon Sharyo multiple units]]