{{Short description|Main-belt asteroid}} {{Use dmy dates|date=October 2019}} {{Infobox planet | minorplanet = yes | name = 1503 Kuopio | background = #D6D6D6 | image = File:1503Kuopio (Lightcurve Inversion).png | image_scale = | caption = Lightcurve-based 3D-model of Kuopio | discovery_ref = <ref name="jpldata" /> | discoverer = Y. Väisälä | discovery_site = Turku Obs. | discovered = 15 December 1938 | mpc_name = (1503) Kuopio | alt_names = 1938 XD{{·}}1935 EF<br />1953 LH | pronounced = | named_after = Kuopio {{small|(Finnish town)}}<ref name="springer" /> | mp_category = main-belt{{·}}{{small|(middle)}}<br />Eunomia<ref name="lcdb" /><ref name="Ferret" /> | orbit_ref = <ref name="jpldata" /> | epoch = 4 September 2017 (JD 2458000.5) | uncertainty = 0 | observation_arc = 82.34 yr (30,075 days) | aphelion = 2.8995 AU | perihelion = 2.3499 AU | semimajor = 2.6247 AU | eccentricity = 0.1047 | period = 4.25 yr (1,553 days) | mean_anomaly = 154.93° | mean_motion = {{Deg2DMS|0.2318|sup=ms}} / day | inclination = 12.369° | asc_node = 316.98° | arg_peri = 177.92° | dimensions = {{val|18.43|1.5}} km<ref name="SIMPS" /><br />18.54 km {{small|(derived)}}<ref name="lcdb" /><br />{{val|22.33|0.34}} km<ref name="AKARI" /><br />{{val|22.985|0.964}} km<ref name="Masiero-2012" /> | rotation = {{val|9.577|0.0004}} h<ref name="geneva-obs" /><br />{{val|9.957|0.006}} h<ref name="geneva-obs" /><br />{{val|9.9586|0.0005}} h<ref name="Hanus-2011" /><ref name="Hanus-2013c" /><br />{{val|9.96|0.05}} h<ref name="geneva-obs" /><br />{{val|9.98}} h<ref name="Szekely-2005" /> | albedo = {{val|0.223|0.008}}<ref name="AKARI" /><br />{{val|0.2995|0.056}}<ref name="SIMPS" /><br />0.3243 {{small|(derived)}}<ref name="lcdb" /><br />{{val|0.399|0.262}}<ref name="Masiero-2012" /> | spectral_type = S<ref name="lcdb" /> | abs_magnitude = 9.81<ref name="Masiero-2012" />{{·}}10.5<ref name="jpldata" /><ref name="lcdb" />{{·}}10.60<ref name="SIMPS" /><ref name="AKARI" />{{·}}{{val|10.65|0.69}}<ref name="Veres-2015" /> }}
'''1503 Kuopio''' (provisional designation '''{{mp|1938 XD}}''') is a stony Eunomian asteroid from the central region of the asteroid belt, approximately 19 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 15 December 1938, by astronomer Yrjö Väisälä at the Turku Observatory in Southwest Finland.<ref name="MPC-object" /> The asteroid was named for the Finnish town of Kuopio.<ref name="springer" />
== Orbit and classification ==
Kuopio is a member of the Eunomia family ({{small|502}}), a prominent family of stony S-type asteroid and the largest one in the intermediate main belt with more than 5,000 members.<ref name="lcdb" /><ref name="Ferret" /><ref name="Nesvorny-2014" />{{rp|23}} It orbits the Sun at a distance of 2.3–2.9 AU once every 4 years and 3 months (1,553 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.10 and an inclination of 12° with respect to the ecliptic plane.<ref name="jpldata" />
The body's observation arc begins with its first identification as {{mp|1935 EF}} at Yerkes Observatory in March 1935, more than 3 years prior to its official discovery observation at Turku.<ref name="MPC-object" />
== Physical characteristics ==
=== Rotation period ===
Several rotational lightcurves of Kuopio were obtained from photometric observations since 2001. Analysis of these lightcurves gave a rotation period between 9.577 and 9.98 hours with a brightness variation of 0.01 to 0.05 magnitude ({{small|U=3/3/2/2/3}}).<ref name="geneva-obs" /><ref name="Szekely-2005" />
=== Poles ===
In 2011 and 2013, a modeled lightcurve using data from the Uppsala Asteroid Photometric Catalogue (UAPC) and other sources was published. In both studies, the modeled lightcurve gave a concurring period 9.9586 hours. The 2013-publication also determined two spin axis of (170.0°, −86.0°) and (27.0°, −61.0°) in ecliptic coordinates (λ, β) ({{small|U=n.a.}}).<ref name="Hanus-2011" /><ref name="Hanus-2013c" />
=== Diameter and albedo ===
According to the surveys carried out by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS, the Japanese Akari satellite and the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) program, Kuopio measures between 18.43 and 22.99 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.223 and 0.399.<ref name="SIMPS" /><ref name="AKARI" /><ref name="Masiero-2012" />
The ''Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link'' derives an albedo of 0.3243 and a diameter of 18.54 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 10.5.<ref name="lcdb" />
== Naming ==
This minor planet was named after the town of Kuopio in central Finland.<ref name="springer" /> The official {{MoMP|1503|naming citation}} was published by the Minor Planet Center on 20 February 1976 ({{small|M.P.C. 3928}}).<ref name="DoMP-Circular-dates" />
== References == {{reflist|30em|refs=
<ref name="jpldata">{{cite web |type = 2017-07-04 last obs. |title = JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 1503 Kuopio (1938 XD) |url = https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2001503 |publisher = Jet Propulsion Laboratory |accessdate = 8 September 2017}}</ref>
<ref name="springer">{{cite book |last = Schmadel | first = Lutz D. |title = Dictionary of Minor Planet Names |publisher = Springer Berlin Heidelberg |page = 120 |date = 2007 |isbn = 978-3-540-00238-3 |doi = 10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_1504 |chapter = (1503) Kuopio }}</ref>
<ref name="MPC-object">{{cite web |title = 1503 Kuopio (1938 XD) |work = Minor Planet Center |url = https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/db_search/show_object?object_id=1503 |accessdate = 8 September 2017}}</ref>
<ref name="DoMP-Circular-dates">{{cite book |title = Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – Addendum to Fifth Edition (2006–2008) |chapter = Appendix – Publication Dates of the MPCs |last = Schmadel |first=Lutz D. |date = 2009 |publisher = Springer Berlin Heidelberg |page = 221 |isbn = 978-3-642-01964-7 |doi = 10.1007/978-3-642-01965-4}}</ref>
<ref name="geneva-obs">{{cite web |title = Asteroids and comets rotation curves – (1503) Kuopio |last = Behrend |first = Raoul |publisher = Geneva Observatory |url = https://obswww.unige.ch/~behrend/page4cou.html#001503 |accessdate = 8 September 2017}}</ref>
<ref name="Ferret">{{cite web |title = Asteroid 1503 Kuopio – Nesvorny HCM Asteroid Families V3.0 |work = Small Bodies Data Ferret |url = https://sbntools.psi.edu/ferret/SimpleSearch/results.action?targetName=1503+Kuopio#Asteroid%201503%20KuopioEAR-A-VARGBDET-5-NESVORNYFAM-V3.0 |accessdate = 31 October 2019}}</ref>
<ref name="Nesvorny-2014">{{Cite book |first1 = D. |last1 = Nesvorný |first2 = M. |last2 = Broz |first3 = V. |last3 = Carruba |date = December 2014 |chapter = Identification and Dynamical Properties of Asteroid Families |title = Asteroids IV |pages = 297–321 |bibcode = 2015aste.book..297N |doi = 10.2458/azu_uapress_9780816532131-ch016 |arxiv = 1502.01628 |isbn = 9780816532131}}</ref>
<ref name="lcdb">{{cite LCDB|number = 1503 |accessdate = 8 September 2017}}</ref>
<ref name="Masiero-2012">{{cite journal |display-authors = 6 |first1 = Joseph R. |last1 = Masiero |first2 = A. K. |last2 = Mainzer |first3 = T. |last3 = Grav |first4 = J. M. |last4 = Bauer |first5 = R. M. |last5 = Cutri |first6 = C. |last6 = Nugent |first7 = M. S. |last7 = Cabrera |date = November 2012 |title = Preliminary Analysis of WISE/NEOWISE 3-Band Cryogenic and Post-cryogenic Observations of Main Belt Asteroids |url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2012ApJ...759L...8M |journal = The Astrophysical Journal Letters |volume = 759 |issue = 1 |page = 5 |bibcode = 2012ApJ...759L...8M |doi = 10.1088/2041-8205/759/1/L8 |arxiv = 1209.5794 |access-date= 8 September 2017}}</ref>
<ref name="AKARI">{{cite journal |display-authors = 6 |first1 = Fumihiko |last1 = Usui |first2 = Daisuke |last2 = Kuroda |first3 = Thomas G. |last3 = Müller |first4 = Sunao |last4 = Hasegawa |first5 = Masateru |last5 = Ishiguro |first6 = Takafumi |last6 = Ootsubo |first7 = Daisuke |last7 = Ishihara |first8 = Hirokazu |last8 = Kataza |first9 = Satoshi |last9 = Takita |first10 = Shinki |last10 = Oyabu |first11 = Munetaka |last11 = Ueno |first12 = Hideo |last12 = Matsuhara |first13 = Takashi |last13 = Onaka |date = October 2011 |title = Asteroid Catalog Using Akari: AKARI/IRC Mid-Infrared Asteroid Survey |journal = Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan |volume = 63 |issue = 5 |pages = 1117–1138 |bibcode = 2011PASJ...63.1117U |doi = 10.1093/pasj/63.5.1117 |doi-access= }} ([http://vizier.cfa.harvard.edu/viz-bin/VizieR-5?-source=J/PASJ/63/1117/acua_v1&Num=1503 online], [https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/43545172.pdf AcuA catalog p. 153])</ref>
<ref name="SIMPS">{{cite journal |first1 = E. F. |last1 = Tedesco |first2 = P. V. |last2 = Noah |first3 = M. |last3 = Noah |first4 = S. D. |last4 = Price |date = October 2004 |title = IRAS Minor Planet Survey V6.0 |url = https://sbnarchive.psi.edu/pds3/iras/IRAS_A_FPA_3_RDR_IMPS_V6_0/data/diamalb.tab |journal = NASA Planetary Data System – IRAS-A-FPA-3-RDR-IMPS-V6.0 |bibcode = 2004PDSS...12.....T |accessdate = 17 October 2019}}</ref>
<ref name="Szekely-2005">{{cite journal |display-authors = 6 |first1 = P. |last1 = Székely |first2 = L. L. |last2 = Kiss |first3 = Gy. M. |last3 = Szabó |first4 = K. |last4 = Sárneczky |first5 = B. |last5 = Csák |first6 = M. |last6 = Váradi |first7 = Sz. |last7 = Mészáros |date = August 2005 |title = CCD photometry of 23 minor planets |url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2005P&SS...53..925S |journal = Planetary and Space Science |volume = 53 |issue = 9 |pages = 925–936 |bibcode = 2005P&SS...53..925S |doi = 10.1016/j.pss.2005.04.006 |arxiv = astro-ph/0504462 |access-date= 8 September 2017}}</ref>
<ref name="Hanus-2011">{{cite journal |display-authors = 6 |author = Hanus, J. |author2 = Durech, J. |author3 = Broz, M. |author4 = Warner, B. D. |author5 = Pilcher, F. |author6 = Stephens, R. |author7 = Oey, J. |author8 = Bernasconi, L. |author9 = Casulli, S. |author10 = Behrend, R. |author11 = Polishook, D. |author12 = Henych, T. |author13 = Lehký, M. |author14 = Yoshida, F. |author15 = Ito, T. |date = June 2011 |title = A study of asteroid pole-latitude distribution based on an extended set of shape models derived by the lightcurve inversion method |url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2011A&A...530A.134H |journal = Astronomy & Astrophysics |volume = 530 |page = 16 |bibcode = 2011A&A...530A.134H |doi = 10.1051/0004-6361/201116738 |arxiv = 1104.4114 |access-date= 8 September 2017}}</ref>
<ref name="Hanus-2013c">{{cite journal |display-authors = 6 |first1 = J. |last1 = Hanus |first2 = M. |last2 = Broz |first3 = J. |last3 = Durech |first4 = B. D. |last4 = Warner |first5 = J. |last5 = Brinsfield |first6 = R. |last6 = Durkee |first7 = D. |last7 = Higgins |first8 = R. A. |last8 = Koff |first9 = J. |last9 = Oey |first10 = F. |last10 = Pilcher |first11 = R. |last11 = Stephens |first12 = L. P. |last12 = Strabla |first13 = Q. |last13 = Ulisse |first14 = R. |last14 = Girelli |date = November 2013 |title = An anisotropic distribution of spin vectors in asteroid families |url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2013A&A...559A.134H |journal = Astronomy and Astrophysics |volume = 559 |page = 19 |bibcode = 2013A&A...559A.134H |doi = 10.1051/0004-6361/201321993 |arxiv = 1309.4296 |access-date= 8 September 2017}}</ref>
<ref name="Veres-2015">{{cite journal |display-authors = 6 |first1 = Peter |last1 = Veres |first2 = Robert |last2 = Jedicke |first3 = Alan |last3 = Fitzsimmons |first4 = Larry |last4 = Denneau |first5 = Mikael |last5 = Granvik |first6 = Bryce |last6 = Bolin |first7 = Serge |last7 = Chastel |first8 = Richard J. |last8 = Wainscoat |first9 = William S. |last9 = Burgett |first10 = Kenneth C. |last10 = Chambers |first11 = Heather |last11 = Flewelling |first12 = Nick |last12 = Kaiser |first13 = Eugen A. |last13 = Magnier |first14 = Jeff S. |last14 = Morgan |first15 = Paul A. |last15 = Price |first16 = John L. |last16 = Tonry |first17 = Christopher |last17 = Waters |date = November 2015 |title = Absolute magnitudes and slope parameters for 250,000 asteroids observed by Pan-STARRS PS1 - Preliminary results |url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2015Icar..261...34V |journal = Icarus |volume = 261 |pages = 34–47 |bibcode = 2015Icar..261...34V |doi = 10.1016/j.icarus.2015.08.007 |arxiv = 1506.00762 |access-date= 8 September 2017}}</ref>
}} <!-- end of reflist -->
== External links == * [http://www.minorplanet.info/PHP/lcdbsummaryquery.php Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB)], query form ([http://www.minorplanet.info/lightcurvedatabase.html info] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171216050541/http://www.minorplanet.info/lightcurvedatabase.html |date=16 December 2017 }}) * [https://books.google.com/books?id=aeAg1X7afOoC&pg Dictionary of Minor Planet Names], Google books * [https://obswww.unige.ch/~behrend/page_cou.html Asteroids and comets rotation curves, CdR] – Observatoire de Genève, Raoul Behrend * [https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/lists/NumberedMPs000001.html Discovery Circumstances: Numbered Minor Planets (1)-(5000)] – Minor Planet Center * {{AstDys|1503}} * {{JPL small body}}
{{Minor planets navigator |1502 Arenda |number=1503 |1504 Lappeenranta}} {{Small Solar System bodies}} {{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Kuopio}} 001503 Category:Discoveries by Yrjö Väisälä Category:Named minor planets 19381215