{{Short description|Main-belt asteroid}} {{Use dmy dates|date=October 2019}} {{Infobox planet | minorplanet = yes | name = 1392 Pierre | background = #D6D6D6 | image = | image_size = | caption = | discovery_ref = <ref name="MPC-object" /> | discoverer = L. Boyer | discovery_site = Algiers Obs. | discovered = 16 March 1936 | mpc_name = (1392) Pierre | alt_names = 1936 FO{{·}}1938 SZ<br />1955 TZ{{·}}1959 SH<br />A917 UB | pronounced = | named_after = Pierre<ref name="springer" /> {{small|(discoverer's nephew)}} | mp_category = main-belt<ref name="MPC-object" /><ref name="jpldata" />{{·}}{{small|(middle)}}<br />{{nowrap|Eunomia<ref name="Ferret" /><ref name="lcdb" />{{·}}background<ref name="AstDys-object" />}} | orbit_ref = <ref name="jpldata" /> | epoch = 4 September 2017 (JD 2458000.5) | uncertainty = 0 | observation_arc = 81.30 yr (29,695 days) | aphelion = 3.1355 AU | perihelion = 2.0788 AU | semimajor = 2.6071 AU | eccentricity = 0.2026 | period = 4.21 yr (1,538 days) | mean_anomaly = 244.35° | mean_motion = {{Deg2DMS|0.2341|sup=ms}} / day | inclination = 12.263° | asc_node = 358.24° | arg_peri = 44.290° | mean_diameter = {{val|26.16|0.34|ul=km}}<ref name="AKARI" /><br />{{val|26.44|1.6|u=km}}<ref name="lcdb" /><ref name="SIMPS" /><br />{{val|27.02|5.29|u=km}}<ref name="Nugent-2016" /><br />{{val|28.94|8.81|u=km}}<ref name="Nugent-2015" /> | rotation = {{val|18|ul=h}}<ref name="Barucci-1992a" /> | albedo = {{val|0.04|0.01}}<ref name="Nugent-2016" /><br />{{val|0.04|0.02}}<ref name="Nugent-2015" /><br />{{val|0.0519|0.007}}<ref name="lcdb" /><ref name="SIMPS" /><br />{{val|0.054|0.002}}<ref name="AKARI" /> | spectral_type = Tholen {{=}} DX<ref name="jpldata" /><ref name="lcdb" />{{·}}C<ref name="Veres-2015" /><br />B–V {{=}} 0.757<ref name="jpldata" /><br />U–B {{=}} 0.258<ref name="jpldata" /> | abs_magnitude = 11.72<ref name="jpldata" /><ref name="lcdb" /><ref name="AKARI" /><ref name="SIMPS" /><ref name="Nugent-2015" /><br />11.9<ref name="MPC-object" /> }}
'''1392 Pierre''', provisional designation {{mp|1936 FO}}, is a dark, dynamical Eunomian asteroid from the central regions of the asteroid belt, approximately {{convert|26|km|mi|sigfig=2|sp=us}} in diameter. It was discovered on 16 March 1936, by astronomer Louis Boyer at the Algiers Observatory in Algeria, North Africa.<ref name="MPC-object" /> The asteroid was named after the discoverer's nephew, Pierre.<ref name="springer" />
== Orbit and classification ==
''Pierre'' is a dynamical member of the Eunomia family ({{small|502}}), a prominent family of stony asteroids and the largest one in the intermediate main belt with more than 5,000 members.<ref name="Ferret" /><ref name="lcdb" /> ''Pierre''{{'}}s spectral type is different from that of the Eunomia family ''(see below)'' and possibly an interloper rather than a true family member. When applying the hierarchical clustering method to its proper orbital elements, ''Pierre'' is a non-family asteroid of the main belt's background population.<ref name="AstDys-object" />
It orbits the Sun in the central main-belt at a distance of 2.1–3.1 AU once every 4 years and 3 months (1,538 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.20 and an inclination of 12° with respect to the ecliptic.<ref name="jpldata" /> The asteroid was first observed as {{mp|A917 UB}} at Simeiz Observatory in October 1917. The body's observation arc begins with its official discovery observation at Algiers in March 1936.<ref name="MPC-object" />
== Naming ==
This minor planet was named after Pierre, a nephew of the discoverer Louis Boyer. The official {{MoMP|1392|naming citation}} was mentioned in ''The Names of the Minor Planets'' by Paul Herget in 1955 ({{small|H 126}}).<ref name="springer" />
== Physical characteristics ==
''Pierre'' has been characterized as a carbonaceous C-type asteroid by Pan-STARRS photometric survey.<ref name="Veres-2015" /> In the Tholen classification, the asteroid's spectral type is ambiguous, closest to a dark D-type and somewhat similar to a generic X-type asteroid.<ref name="jpldata" /> Conversely, the Eunomia family consists of S-type asteroids.<ref name="Nesvorny-2014" />{{rp|23}}
=== Rotation period ===
In August 1984, a first rotational lightcurve of ''Pierre'' was obtained from photometric observations with the ESO 1-metre telescope at the La Silla Observatory in Chile. Lightcurve analysis gave a rotation period of 18 hours with a brightness variation of 0.09 magnitude ({{small|U=2}}).<ref name="Barucci-1992a" /> A poorly rated lightcurve by Pierre Antonini in January 2007, gave a period of 24 hours with an amplitude of 0.05 magnitude.<ref name="geneva-obs" />
=== Diameter and albedo ===
According to the surveys carried out by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS, the Japanese Akari satellite and the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, ''Pierre'' measures between 26.16 and 28.94 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.04 and 0.054.<ref name="AKARI" /><ref name="SIMPS" /><ref name="Nugent-2016" /><ref name="Nugent-2015" /> The ''Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link'' adopts the results obtained by IRAS, that is, an albedo of 0.0519 and a diameter of 26.44 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 11.72.<ref name="lcdb" /><ref name="SIMPS" />
== References == {{reflist|30em|refs=
<ref name="jpldata">{{cite web |type = 2017-07-04 last obs. |title = JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 1392 Pierre (1936 FO) |url = https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2001392 |publisher = Jet Propulsion Laboratory |accessdate = 26 October 2017}}</ref>
<ref name="springer">{{cite book |last = Schmadel | first = Lutz D. |title = Dictionary of Minor Planet Names |publisher = Springer Berlin Heidelberg |page = 112 |date = 2007 |isbn = 978-3-540-00238-3 |doi = 10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_1393 |chapter = (1392) Pierre }}</ref>
<ref name="MPC-object">{{cite web |title = 1392 Pierre (1936 FO) |work = Minor Planet Center |url = https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/db_search/show_object?object_id=1392 |accessdate = 26 October 2017}}</ref>
<ref name="geneva-obs">{{cite web |title = Asteroids and comets rotation curves – (1392) Pierre |last = Behrend |first = Raoul |publisher = Geneva Observatory |url = http://obswww.unige.ch/~behrend/page4cou.html#001392 |accessdate = 26 October 2017}}</ref>
<ref name="Ferret">{{cite web |title = Asteroid 1392 Pierre – Asteroid Dynamical Families V4.1 |work = Small Bodies Data Ferret |url = https://sbntools.psi.edu/ferret/SimpleSearch/results.action?targetName=1392#Asteroid%201392%20PierreEAR-A-5-DDR-FAMILY-V4.1 |accessdate = 29 October 2019}}</ref>
<ref name="AstDys-object">{{cite web |title = Asteroid 1392 Pierre – Proper Elements |publisher = AstDyS-2, Asteroids – Dynamic Site |url = https://newton.spacedys.com/astdys/index.php?pc=1.1.6&n=1392 |access-date= 29 October 2019}}</ref>
<ref name="Nesvorny-2014">{{Cite book |first1 = D. |last1 = Nesvorný |first2 = M. |last2 = Broz |first3 = V. |last3 = Carruba |date = December 2014 |chapter = Identification and Dynamical Properties of Asteroid Families |title = Asteroids IV |pages = 297–321 |bibcode = 2015aste.book..297N |doi = 10.2458/azu_uapress_9780816532131-ch016 |arxiv = 1502.01628 |isbn = 9780816532131}}</ref>
<ref name="lcdb">{{cite LCDB|number = 1392 |accessdate = 26 October 2017}}</ref>
<ref name="Nugent-2015">{{cite journal |display-authors = 6 |first1 = C. R. |last1 = Nugent |first2 = A. |last2 = Mainzer |first3 = J. |last3 = Masiero |first4 = J. |last4 = Bauer |first5 = R. M. |last5 = Cutri |first6 = T. |last6 = Grav |first7 = E. |last7 = Kramer |first8 = S. |last8 = Sonnett |first9 = R. |last9 = Stevenson |first10 = E. L. |last10 = Wright |date = December 2015 |title = NEOWISE Reactivation Mission Year One: Preliminary Asteroid Diameters and Albedos |url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2015ApJ...814..117N |journal = The Astrophysical Journal |volume = 814 |issue = 2 |page = 13 |bibcode = 2015ApJ...814..117N |doi = 10.1088/0004-637X/814/2/117 |arxiv = 1509.02522 |access-date= 26 October 2017}}</ref>
<ref name="Nugent-2016">{{cite journal |display-authors = 6 |first1 = C. R. |last1 = Nugent |first2 = A. |last2 = Mainzer |first3 = J. |last3 = Bauer |first4 = R. M. |last4 = Cutri |first5 = E. A. |last5 = Kramer |first6 = T. |last6 = Grav |first7 = J. |last7 = Masiero |first8 = S. |last8 = Sonnett |first9 = E. L. |last9 = Wright |date = September 2016 |title = NEOWISE Reactivation Mission Year Two: Asteroid Diameters and Albedos |journal = The Astronomical Journal |volume = 152 |issue = 3 |page = 12 |bibcode = 2016AJ....152...63N |doi = 10.3847/0004-6256/152/3/63 |arxiv = 1606.08923 |doi-access = free }}</ref>
<ref name="AKARI">{{cite journal |display-authors = 6 |first1 = Fumihiko |last1 = Usui |first2 = Daisuke |last2 = Kuroda |first3 = Thomas G. |last3 = Müller |first4 = Sunao |last4 = Hasegawa |first5 = Masateru |last5 = Ishiguro |first6 = Takafumi |last6 = Ootsubo |first7 = Daisuke |last7 = Ishihara |first8 = Hirokazu |last8 = Kataza |first9 = Satoshi |last9 = Takita |first10 = Shinki |last10 = Oyabu |first11 = Munetaka |last11 = Ueno |first12 = Hideo |last12 = Matsuhara |first13 = Takashi |last13 = Onaka |date = October 2011 |title = Asteroid Catalog Using Akari: AKARI/IRC Mid-Infrared Asteroid Survey |journal = Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan |volume = 63 |issue = 5 |pages = 1117–1138 |bibcode = 2011PASJ...63.1117U |doi = 10.1093/pasj/63.5.1117 |doi-access= }} ([http://vizier.cfa.harvard.edu/viz-bin/VizieR-5?-source=J/PASJ/63/1117/acua_v1&Num=1392 online], [https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/43545172.pdf AcuA catalog p. 153])</ref>
<ref name="SIMPS">{{cite journal |first1 = E. F. |last1 = Tedesco |first2 = P. V. |last2 = Noah |first3 = M. |last3 = Noah |first4 = S. D. |last4 = Price |date = October 2004 |title = IRAS Minor Planet Survey V6.0 |url = https://sbnarchive.psi.edu/pds3/iras/IRAS_A_FPA_3_RDR_IMPS_V6_0/data/diamalb.tab |journal = NASA Planetary Data System |volume = 12 |pages = IRAS-A-FPA-3-RDR-IMPS-V6.0 |bibcode = 2004PDSS...12.....T |accessdate = 22 October 2019}}</ref>
<ref name="Barucci-1992a">{{Cite journal |first1 = M. A. |last1 = Barucci |first2 = M. |last2 = di Martino |first3 = M. |last3 = Fulchignoni |date = May 1992 |title = Rotational properties of small asteroids - Photoelectric observations |url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=1992AJ....103.1679B |journal = Astronomical Journal |volume = 103 |pages = 1679–1686 |issn = 0004-6256 |bibcode = 1992AJ....103.1679B |doi = 10.1086/116185 |access-date= 26 October 2017}}</ref>
<ref name="Veres-2015">{{cite journal |display-authors = 6 |first1 = Peter |last1 = Veres |first2 = Robert |last2 = Jedicke |first3 = Alan |last3 = Fitzsimmons |first4 = Larry |last4 = Denneau |first5 = Mikael |last5 = Granvik |first6 = Bryce |last6 = Bolin |first7 = Serge |last7 = Chastel |first8 = Richard J. |last8 = Wainscoat |first9 = William S. |last9 = Burgett |first10 = Kenneth C. |last10 = Chambers |first11 = Heather |last11 = Flewelling |first12 = Nick |last12 = Kaiser |first13 = Eugen A. |last13 = Magnier |first14 = Jeff S. |last14 = Morgan |first15 = Paul A. |last15 = Price |first16 = John L. |last16 = Tonry |first17 = Christopher |last17 = Waters |date = November 2015 |title = Absolute magnitudes and slope parameters for 250,000 asteroids observed by Pan-STARRS PS1 - Preliminary results |url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2015Icar..261...34V |journal = Icarus |volume = 261 |pages = 34–47 |bibcode = 2015Icar..261...34V |doi = 10.1016/j.icarus.2015.08.007 |arxiv = 1506.00762 |access-date= 26 October 2017}}</ref>
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== External links == * [http://www.minorplanet.info/PHP/lcdbsummaryquery.php Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB)], query form ([http://www.minorplanet.info/lightcurvedatabase.html info] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171216050541/http://www.minorplanet.info/lightcurvedatabase.html |date=16 December 2017 }}) * [https://books.google.com/books?id=aeAg1X7afOoC&pg Dictionary of Minor Planet Names], Google books * [http://obswww.unige.ch/~behrend/page_cou.html Asteroids and comets rotation curves, CdR] – Observatoire de Genève, Raoul Behrend * [https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/lists/NumberedMPs000001.html Discovery Circumstances: Numbered Minor Planets (1)-(5000)] – Minor Planet Center * {{AstDys|1392}} * {{JPL small body}}
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Pierre}} 001392 Category:Discoveries by Louis Boyer (astronomer) Category:Named minor planets 001392 19360316