{{Short description|Asteroid}} {{Use dmy dates|date=October 2019}} {{Infobox planet | minorplanet = yes | name = 1382 Gerti | background = #D6D6D6 | image = File:1382Gerti (Lightcurve Inversion).png | image_scale = | caption = Lightcurve-based 3D-model of ''Gerti'' | discovery_ref = <ref name="jpldata" /> | discoverer = K. Reinmuth | discovery_site = Heidelberg Obs. | discovered = 21 January 1925 | mpc_name = (1382) Gerti | alt_names = 1925 BB{{·}}1929 LH<br />{{mp|1933 UL|1}}{{·}}{{mp|1936 QB|1}} | pronounced = | named_after = Gertrud Höhne<ref name="springer" /><br />{{small|(ARI secretary)}} | mp_category = main-belt{{·}}{{small|(inner)}}<br />Flora<ref name="lcdb" />{{·}}background<ref name="AstDys-object" /> | orbit_ref = <ref name="jpldata" /> | epoch = 4 September 2017 (JD 2458000.5) | uncertainty = 0 | observation_arc = 92.18 yr (33,670 days) | aphelion = 2.5119 AU | perihelion = 1.9274 AU | semimajor = 2.2196 AU | eccentricity = 0.1317 | period = 3.31 yr (1,208 days) | mean_anomaly = 258.61° | mean_motion = {{Deg2DMS|0.2980|sup=ms}} / day | inclination = 1.5621° | asc_node = 353.04° | arg_peri = 246.96° | dimensions = 8.54 km {{small|(derived)}}<ref name="lcdb" /><br />{{val|9.14|0.95}} km<ref name="AKARI" /><br />{{val|9.75|1.68}} km<ref name="Nugent-2016" /><br />{{val|11.94|0.19}} km<ref name="Masiero-2012" /> | rotation = {{val|3.0|0.2}} h<ref name="geneva-obs" /><br />{{val|3.081545|0.000005}} h<ref name="Hanus-2011" /><br />{{val|3.082|0.0004}} h<ref name="Waszczak-2015" /><br />{{val|3.082|0.002}} h<ref name="Wisniewski-1997" /> | albedo = {{val|0.196|0.024}}<ref name="Masiero-2012" /><br />0.24 {{small|(assumed)}}<ref name="lcdb" /><br />{{val|0.278|0.059}}<ref name="AKARI" /><br />{{val|0.28|0.08}}<ref name="Nugent-2016" /> | spectral_type = S {{small|(assumed)}}<ref name="lcdb" /> | abs_magnitude = {{val|11.765|0.000}} {{small|(R)}}<ref name="Waszczak-2015" />{{·}}12.00<ref name="jpldata" /><ref name="Masiero-2012" />{{·}}{{val|12.04|0.28}}<ref name="Veres-2015" />{{·}}12.20<ref name="AKARI" />{{·}}12.27<ref name="Nugent-2016" />{{·}}12.51<ref name="lcdb" />{{·}}{{val|12.51|0.01}}<ref name="Wisniewski-1997" /><ref name="Pravec-2012b" /> }}
'''1382 Gerti''', provisional designation {{mp|1925 BB}}, is a Florian asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 10 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 21 January 1925, by astronomer Karl Reinmuth at the Heidelberg-Königstuhl State Observatory in southwest Germany.<ref name="MPC-object" /> The asteroid was named after a secretary of the Astronomical Calculation Institute, Gertrud Höhne.
== Orbit and classification ==
''Gerti'' has been dynamically classified as a member of the Flora family ({{small|402}}), a giant asteroid family and the largest family of stony asteroids in the main-belt.<ref name="lcdb" /> It is, however, a non-family asteroid of the main belt's background population when applying the Hierarchical Clustering Method to its proper orbital elements (both by Nesvorný as well as by Novakovic, Knežević and Milani).<ref name="AstDys-object" />
It orbits the Sun in the inner main-belt at a distance of 1.9–2.5 AU once every 3 years and 4 months (1,208 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.13 and an inclination of 2° with respect to the ecliptic.<ref name="jpldata" /> The body's observation arc begins with its official discovery observation at Heidelberg in January 1925.<ref name="MPC-object" />
== Physical characteristics ==
The LCDB assumes it to be a stony S-type asteroid, due to its dynamical classification as a member of the Flora family ({{small|402}}).<ref name="lcdb" />
=== Rotation period ===
Two rotational lightcurve of ''Gerti'' were obtained from photometric observations by Wiesław Wiśniewski in February 1988, and by astronomers at the Palomar Transient Factory in January 2011, respectively. Lightcurve analysis gave an identical rotation period of 3.082 hours with a respective brightness amplitude of 0.20 and 0.29 magnitude ({{small|U=3/2}}).<ref name="Waszczak-2015" /><ref name="Wisniewski-1997" /> A third lightcurve by René Roy in March 2008 gave a period of 3.0 hours with an amplitude of 0.36 magnitude ({{small|U=2}}).<ref name="geneva-obs" />
=== Poles ===
In 2011, a modeled lightcurve using data from the ''Uppsala Asteroid Photometric Catalogue'' and other sources gave a concurring sidereal period of 3.081545 hours, as well as two spin axis of (268.0°, 23.0°) and (87.0°, 28.0°) in ecliptic coordinates (λ, β).<ref name="Hanus-2011" />
=== Diameter and albedo ===
According to the surveys carried out by the Japanese Akari satellite and the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, ''Gerti'' measures between 9.14 and 11.94 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.196 and 0.28.<ref name="AKARI" /><ref name="Nugent-2016" /><ref name="Masiero-2012" />
The ''Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link'' assumes an albedo of 0.24 – taken from 8 Flora, the Flora family's parent body – and derives a diameter of 8.54 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 12.51.<ref name="lcdb" />
== Naming ==
This minor planet was named after Gertrud Höhne who was a secretary at the Berlin Astronomical Calculation Institute ({{langx|de|Astronomisches Rechen-Institut}}. The official naming citation was mentioned in ''The Names of the Minor Planets'' by Paul Herget in 1955 ({{small|H 125}}).<ref name="springer" />
== References == {{reflist|30em|refs=
<ref name="jpldata">{{cite web |type = 2017-03-29 last obs. |title = JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 1382 Gerti (1925 BB) |url = https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2001382 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200918061812/https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2001382 |url-status = dead |archive-date = 18 September 2020 |publisher = Jet Propulsion Laboratory |accessdate = 27 October 2017}}</ref>
<ref name="springer">{{cite book |title = Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – (1382) Gerti |last = Schmadel | first = Lutz D. |publisher = Springer Berlin Heidelberg |page = 112 |date = 2007 |isbn = 978-3-540-00238-3 |doi = 10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_1383 |chapter = (1382) Gerti }}</ref>
<ref name="MPC-object">{{cite web |title = 1382 Gerti (1925 BB) |work = Minor Planet Center |url = https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/db_search/show_object?object_id=1382 |accessdate = 27 October 2017}}</ref>
<ref name="geneva-obs">{{cite web |title = Asteroids and comets rotation curves – (1382) Gerti |last = Behrend |first = Raoul |publisher = Geneva Observatory |url = http://obswww.unige.ch/~behrend/page4cou.html#001382 |accessdate = 27 October 2017}}</ref>
<ref name="AstDys-object">{{cite web |title = Asteroid 1382 Gerti – Proper Elements |publisher = AstDyS-2, Asteroids – Dynamic Site |url = https://newton.spacedys.com/astdys/index.php?pc=1.1.6&n=1382 |access-date= 29 October 2019}}</ref>
<ref name="lcdb">{{cite LCDB|number = 1382 |accessdate = 27 October 2017}}</ref>
<ref name="Masiero-2012">{{cite journal |display-authors = 6 |first1 = Joseph R. |last1 = Masiero |first2 = A. K. |last2 = Mainzer |first3 = T. |last3 = Grav |first4 = J. M. |last4 = Bauer |first5 = R. M. |last5 = Cutri |first6 = C. |last6 = Nugent |first7 = M. S. |last7 = Cabrera |date = November 2012 |title = Preliminary Analysis of WISE/NEOWISE 3-Band Cryogenic and Post-cryogenic Observations of Main Belt Asteroids |url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2012ApJ...759L...8M |journal = The Astrophysical Journal Letters |volume = 759 |issue = 1 |page = 5 |bibcode = 2012ApJ...759L...8M |doi = 10.1088/2041-8205/759/1/L8 |arxiv = 1209.5794 |access-date= 27 October 2017}}</ref>
<ref name="Nugent-2016">{{cite journal |display-authors = 6 |first1 = C. R. |last1 = Nugent |first2 = A. |last2 = Mainzer |first3 = J. |last3 = Bauer |first4 = R. M. |last4 = Cutri |first5 = E. A. |last5 = Kramer |first6 = T. |last6 = Grav |first7 = J. |last7 = Masiero |first8 = S. |last8 = Sonnett |first9 = E. L. |last9 = Wright |date = September 2016 |title = NEOWISE Reactivation Mission Year Two: Asteroid Diameters and Albedos |journal = The Astronomical Journal |volume = 152 |issue = 3 |page = 12 |bibcode = 2016AJ....152...63N |doi = 10.3847/0004-6256/152/3/63 |arxiv = 1606.08923 |doi-access = free }}</ref>
<ref name="AKARI">{{cite journal |display-authors = 6 |first1 = Fumihiko |last1 = Usui |first2 = Daisuke |last2 = Kuroda |first3 = Thomas G. |last3 = Müller |first4 = Sunao |last4 = Hasegawa |first5 = Masateru |last5 = Ishiguro |first6 = Takafumi |last6 = Ootsubo |first7 = Daisuke |last7 = Ishihara |first8 = Hirokazu |last8 = Kataza |first9 = Satoshi |last9 = Takita |first10 = Shinki |last10 = Oyabu |first11 = Munetaka |last11 = Ueno |first12 = Hideo |last12 = Matsuhara |first13 = Takashi |last13 = Onaka |date = October 2011 |title = Asteroid Catalog Using Akari: AKARI/IRC Mid-Infrared Asteroid Survey |journal = Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan |volume = 63 |issue = 5 |pages = 1117–1138 |bibcode = 2011PASJ...63.1117U |doi = 10.1093/pasj/63.5.1117 |doi-access= }} ([http://vizier.cfa.harvard.edu/viz-bin/VizieR-5?-source=J/PASJ/63/1117/acua_v1&Num=1382 online], [https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/43545172.pdf AcuA catalog p. 153])</ref>
<ref name="Wisniewski-1997">{{Cite journal |first1 = W. Z. |last1 = Wisniewski |first2 = T. M. |last2 = Michalowski |first3 = A. W. |last3 = Harris |first4 = R. S. |last4 = McMillan |date = March 1995 |title = Photoelectric Observations of 125 Asteroids |url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=1995LPI....26.1511W |journal = Abstracts of the Lunar and Planetary Science Conference |volume = 26 |pages = 1511 |bibcode = 1995LPI....26.1511W |access-date= 27 October 2017}}</ref>
<ref name="Hanus-2011">{{cite journal |display-authors = 6 |author = Hanus, J. |author2 = Durech, J. |author3 = Broz, M. |author4 = Warner, B. D. |author5 = Pilcher, F. |author6 = Stephens, R. |author7 = Oey, J. |author8 = Bernasconi, L. |author9 = Casulli, S. |author10 = Behrend, R. |author11 = Polishook, D. |author12 = Henych, T. |author13 = Lehký, M. |author14 = Yoshida, F. |author15 = Ito, T. |date = June 2011 |title = A study of asteroid pole-latitude distribution based on an extended set of shape models derived by the lightcurve inversion method |url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2011A&A...530A.134H |journal = Astronomy & Astrophysics |volume = 530 |page = 16 |bibcode = 2011A&A...530A.134H |doi = 10.1051/0004-6361/201116738 |arxiv = 1104.4114 |access-date= 27 October 2017}}</ref>
<ref name="Waszczak-2015">{{cite journal |display-authors = 6 |first1 = Adam |last1 = Waszczak |first2 = Chan-Kao |last2 = Chang |first3 = Eran O. |last3 = Ofek |first4 = Russ |last4 = Laher |first5 = Frank |last5 = Masci |first6 = David |last6 = Levitan |first7 = Jason |last7 = Surace |first8 = Yu-Chi |last8 = Cheng |first9 = Wing-Huen |last9 = Ip |first10 = Daisuke |last10 = Kinoshita |first11 = George |last11 = Helou |first12 = Thomas A. |last12 = Prince |first13 = Shrinivas |last13 = Kulkarni |date = September 2015 |title = Asteroid Light Curves from the Palomar Transient Factory Survey: Rotation Periods and Phase Functions from Sparse Photometry |url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2015AJ....150...75W |journal = The Astronomical Journal |volume = 150 |issue = 3 |page = 35 |bibcode = 2015AJ....150...75W |doi = 10.1088/0004-6256/150/3/75 |arxiv = 1504.04041 |s2cid = 8342929 |access-date= 27 October 2017}}</ref>
<ref name="Pravec-2012b">{{Cite journal |first1 = Petr |last1 = Pravec |first2 = Alan W. |last2 = Harris |first3 = Peter |last3 = Kusnirák |first4 = Adrián |last4 = Galád |first5 = Kamil |last5 = Hornoch |date = September 2012 |title = Absolute magnitudes of asteroids and a revision of asteroid albedo estimates from WISE thermal observations |url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2012Icar..221..365P |journal = Icarus |volume = 221 |issue = 1 |pages = 365–387 |bibcode = 2012Icar..221..365P |doi = 10.1016/j.icarus.2012.07.026 |access-date= 27 October 2017|hdl= 11104/0217021 |hdl-access= free }}</ref>
<ref name="Veres-2015">{{cite journal |display-authors = 6 |first1 = Peter |last1 = Veres |first2 = Robert |last2 = Jedicke |first3 = Alan |last3 = Fitzsimmons |first4 = Larry |last4 = Denneau |first5 = Mikael |last5 = Granvik |first6 = Bryce |last6 = Bolin |first7 = Serge |last7 = Chastel |first8 = Richard J. |last8 = Wainscoat |first9 = William S. |last9 = Burgett |first10 = Kenneth C. |last10 = Chambers |first11 = Heather |last11 = Flewelling |first12 = Nick |last12 = Kaiser |first13 = Eugen A. |last13 = Magnier |first14 = Jeff S. |last14 = Morgan |first15 = Paul A. |last15 = Price |first16 = John L. |last16 = Tonry |first17 = Christopher |last17 = Waters |date = November 2015 |title = Absolute magnitudes and slope parameters for 250,000 asteroids observed by Pan-STARRS PS1 - Preliminary results |url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2015Icar..261...34V |journal = Icarus |volume = 261 |pages = 34–47 |bibcode = 2015Icar..261...34V |doi = 10.1016/j.icarus.2015.08.007 |arxiv = 1506.00762 |s2cid = 53493339 |access-date= 27 October 2017}}</ref>
}} <!-- end of reflist -->
== External links == * [http://www.minorplanet.info/PHP/lcdbsummaryquery.php Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB)], query form ([http://www.minorplanet.info/lightcurvedatabase.html info] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171216050541/http://www.minorplanet.info/lightcurvedatabase.html |date=16 December 2017 }}) * [https://books.google.com/books?id=aeAg1X7afOoC&pg Dictionary of Minor Planet Names], Google books * [http://obswww.unige.ch/~behrend/page_cou.html Asteroids and comets rotation curves, CdR] – Observatoire de Genève, Raoul Behrend * [https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/lists/NumberedMPs000001.html Discovery Circumstances: Numbered Minor Planets (1)-(5000)] – Minor Planet Center * {{AstDys|1382}} * {{JPL small body}}
{{Minor planets navigator |1381 Danubia |number=1382 |1383 Limburgia}} {{Small Solar System bodies}} {{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Gerti}} 001382 Category:Discoveries by Karl Wilhelm Reinmuth Category:Named minor planets 19250121