{{Short description|Themistian asteroid}} {{Use dmy dates|date=October 2019}} {{Infobox planet | minorplanet = yes | name = 1253 Frisia | background = #D6D6D6 | image = | image_size = | caption = | discovery_ref = <ref name="jpldata" /> | discoverer = K. Reinmuth | discovery_site = Heidelberg Obs. | discovered = 9 October 1931 | mpc_name = (1253) Frisia | alt_names = {{mp|1931 TV|1}}{{·}}1933 BO<br />1937 VN{{·}}1948 SE<br />1954 UC{{·}}1959 RC<br />{{mp|1971 UE|3}} | pronounced = {{IPAc-en|ˈ|f|r|ɪ|z|i|ə}}<ref>{{OED|Frisian}}</ref> | named_after = Frisia{{·}}Frisian Islands<br />{{small|(Home of the Frisian people)}}<ref name="springer" /> | mp_category = main-belt{{·}}{{small|(outer)}}<br />Themis<ref name="lcdb" /><ref name="Ferret" /> | orbit_ref = <ref name="jpldata" /> | epoch = 4 September 2017 (JD 2458000.5) | uncertainty = 0 | observation_arc = 85.48 yr (31,220 days) | aphelion = 3.8295 AU | perihelion = 2.4952 AU | semimajor = 3.1624 AU | eccentricity = 0.2110 | period = 5.62 yr (2,054 days) | mean_anomaly = 78.227° | mean_motion = {{Deg2DMS|0.1753|sup=ms}} / day | inclination = 1.3468° | asc_node = 40.015° | arg_peri = 355.23° | dimensions = 18.71 km {{small|(calculated)}}<ref name="lcdb" /><br />{{val|19.09|0.19}} km<ref name="Masiero-2012" /><br />{{val|21.682|0.043}} km<ref name="Masiero-2014" /><br />{{val|22.995|0.121}} km<ref name="WISE" /><br />{{val|24.00|7.16}} km<ref name="Nugent-2016" /> | rotation = {{val|14.557|0.002}} h<ref name="Gartrelle-2012" /><br />{{val|18.500|0.0096}} h<ref name="Waszczak-2015" /> | albedo = {{val|0.04|0.03}}<ref name="Nugent-2016" /><br />{{val|0.077|0.012}}<ref name="Masiero-2012" /><br />0.08 {{small|(assumed)}}<ref name="lcdb" /><br />{{val|0.0839|0.0105}}<ref name="WISE" /> | spectral_type = C {{small|(assumed)}}<ref name="lcdb" /> | abs_magnitude = 11.5<ref name="WISE" />{{·}}12.00<ref name="jpldata" /><ref name="lcdb" /><ref name="Masiero-2012" />{{·}}{{val|12.02|0.26}}<ref name="Veres-2015" />{{·}}{{val|12.088|0.001}} {{small|(R)}}<ref name="Waszczak-2015" />{{·}}12.13<ref name="Nugent-2016" /> }}
'''1253 Frisia''', provisional designation {{mp|1931 TV|1}}, is a carbonaceous Themistian asteroid from the outer regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 20 kilometers in diameter. Discovered by Karl Reinmuth at Heidelberg Observatory in 1931, the asteroid was later named after the region of Frisia and the Frisian Islands.<ref name="springer" />
== Discovery ==
''Frisia'' was discovered on 9 October 1931, by German astronomer Karl Reinmuth at the Heidelberg-Königstuhl State Observatory in southwest Germany.<ref name="MPC-object" /> It was independently discovered by Soviet astronomer Pelageya Shajn at the Simeiz Observatory on the Crimean peninsula on 6 November 1931.<ref name="springer" /> The body's observation arc begins at Heidelberg eleven days after its official discovery observation.<ref name="MPC-object" />
== Orbit and classification ==
''Frisia'' is a Themistian asteroid that belongs to the Themis family ({{small|602}}),<ref name="lcdb" /><ref name="Ferret" /> a very large family of carbonaceous asteroids, named after 24 Themis.<ref name="Nesvorny-2014" />{{rp|23}} It orbits the Sun in the outer main-belt at a distance of 2.5–3.8 AU once every 5 years and 7 months (2,054 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.21 and an inclination of 1° with respect to the ecliptic.<ref name="jpldata" />
== Physical characteristics ==
''Frisia'' is an assumed carbonaceous C-type asteroid,<ref name="lcdb" /> which corresponds to the overall spectral type of the Themis family.<ref name="Nesvorny-2014" />{{rp|23}}
=== Rotation period ===
In November 2011, a rotational lightcurve of ''Frisia'' was obtained by astronomers at the University of North Dakota ({{small|730}}) and the Badlands Observatory in North Dakota, United States. Lightcurve analysis gave a rotation period of 14.557 hours with a brightness variation of 0.16 magnitude ({{small|U=2}}).<ref name="Gartrelle-2012" /> Photometric observations in the R-band at the Palomar Transient Factory in September 2011, gave a somewhat similar period of 18.500 hours and an amplitude of 0.15 magnitude ({{small|U=2}}).<ref name="Waszczak-2015" />
=== Diameter and albedo ===
According to the survey carried out by the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, ''Frisia'' measures between 19.09 and 24.00 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.04 and 0.0839.<ref name="Masiero-2012" /><ref name="Masiero-2014" /><ref name="WISE" /><ref name="Nugent-2016" />
The ''Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link'' assumes an albedo of 0.08 and calculates a diameter of 18.71 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 12.0.<ref name="lcdb" />
== Naming ==
This minor planet was named after region of Frisia and its Frisian Islands, located on the southeastern coast of the North Sea. The region is the homeland of the Frisian people and mostly part of the Netherlands but its islands stretch along the coast up to Germany and Denmark. The official naming citation was mentioned in ''The Names of the Minor Planets'' by Paul Herget in 1955 ({{small|H 115}}).<ref name="springer" />
== References == {{reflist|30em|refs=
<ref name="jpldata">{{cite web |type = 2017-03-31 last obs. |title = JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 1253 Frisia (1931 TV1) |url = https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2001253 |publisher = Jet Propulsion Laboratory |accessdate = 19 September 2017}}</ref>
<ref name="springer">{{cite book |title = Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – (1253) Frisia |last = Schmadel | first = Lutz D. |publisher = Springer Berlin Heidelberg |page = 104 |date = 2007 |isbn = 978-3-540-00238-3 |doi = 10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_1254 |chapter = (1253) Frisia }}</ref>
<ref name="MPC-object">{{cite web |title = 1253 Frisia (1931 TV1) |work = Minor Planet Center |url = https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/db_search/show_object?object_id=1253 |accessdate = 19 September 2017}}</ref>
<ref name="Ferret">{{cite web |title = Asteroid 1253 Frisia – Nesvorny HCM Asteroid Families V3.0 |work = Small Bodies Data Ferret |url = https://sbntools.psi.edu/ferret/SimpleSearch/results.action?targetName=1253+Frisia#Asteroid%201253%20FrisiaEAR-A-VARGBDET-5-NESVORNYFAM-V3.0 |accessdate = 26 October 2019}}</ref>
<ref name="Nesvorny-2014">{{Cite journal |first1 = D. |last1 = Nesvorný |first2 = M. |last2 = Broz |first3 = V. |last3 = Carruba |date = December 2014 |title = Identification and Dynamical Properties of Asteroid Families |journal = Asteroids IV |pages = 297–321 |bibcode = 2015aste.book..297N |doi = 10.2458/azu_uapress_9780816532131-ch016 |arxiv = 1502.01628 |isbn = 9780816532131}}</ref>
<ref name="Masiero-2014">{{cite journal |display-authors = 6 |first1 = Joseph R. |last1 = Masiero |first2 = T. |last2 = Grav |first3 = A. K. |last3 = Mainzer |first4 = C. R. |last4 = Nugent |first5 = J. M. |last5 = Bauer |first6 = R. |last6 = Stevenson |first7 = S. |last7 = Sonnett |date = August 2014 |title = Main-belt Asteroids with WISE/NEOWISE: Near-infrared Albedos |url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2014ApJ...791..121M |journal = The Astrophysical Journal |volume = 791 |issue = 2 |page = 11 |bibcode = 2014ApJ...791..121M |doi = 10.1088/0004-637X/791/2/121 |arxiv = 1406.6645 |access-date= 19 September 2017}}</ref>
<ref name="lcdb">{{cite LCDB|number = 1253 |accessdate = 19 September 2017}}</ref>
<ref name="Masiero-2012">{{cite journal |display-authors = 6 |first1 = Joseph R. |last1 = Masiero |first2 = A. K. |last2 = Mainzer |first3 = T. |last3 = Grav |first4 = J. M. |last4 = Bauer |first5 = R. M. |last5 = Cutri |first6 = C. |last6 = Nugent |first7 = M. S. |last7 = Cabrera |date = November 2012 |title = Preliminary Analysis of WISE/NEOWISE 3-Band Cryogenic and Post-cryogenic Observations of Main Belt Asteroids |url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2012ApJ...759L...8M |journal = The Astrophysical Journal Letters |volume = 759 |issue = 1 |page = 5 |bibcode = 2012ApJ...759L...8M |doi = 10.1088/2041-8205/759/1/L8 |arxiv = 1209.5794 |access-date= 19 September 2017}}</ref>
<ref name="Nugent-2016">{{cite journal |display-authors = 6 |first1 = C. R. |last1 = Nugent |first2 = A. |last2 = Mainzer |first3 = J. |last3 = Bauer |first4 = R. M. |last4 = Cutri |first5 = E. A. |last5 = Kramer |first6 = T. |last6 = Grav |first7 = J. |last7 = Masiero |first8 = S. |last8 = Sonnett |first9 = E. L. |last9 = Wright |date = September 2016 |title = NEOWISE Reactivation Mission Year Two: Asteroid Diameters and Albedos |journal = The Astronomical Journal |volume = 152 |issue = 3 |page = 12 |bibcode = 2016AJ....152...63N |doi = 10.3847/0004-6256/152/3/63 |arxiv = 1606.08923 |doi-access = free }}</ref>
<ref name="WISE">{{cite journal |display-authors = 6 |first1 = A. |last1 = Mainzer |first2 = T. |last2 = Grav |first3 = J. |last3 = Masiero |first4 = E. |last4 = Hand |first5 = J. |last5 = Bauer |first6 = D. |last6 = Tholen |first7 = R. S. |last7 = McMillan |first8 = T. |last8 = Spahr |first9 = R. M. |last9 = Cutri |first10 = E. |last10 = Wright |first11 = J. |last11 = Watkins |first12 = W. |last12 = Mo |first13 = C. |last13 = Maleszewski |date = November 2011 |title = NEOWISE Studies of Spectrophotometrically Classified Asteroids: Preliminary Results |journal = The Astrophysical Journal |volume = 741 |issue = 2 |page = 25 |bibcode = 2011ApJ...741...90M |doi = 10.1088/0004-637X/741/2/90 |arxiv = 1109.6407}}</ref>
<ref name="Gartrelle-2012">{{Cite journal |author = Gartrelle, Gordon M. |date = April 2012 |title = Lightcurve Results for Eleven Asteroids |url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2012MPBu...39...40G |journal = The Minor Planet Bulletin |volume = 39 |issue = 2 |pages = 40%–46 |issn = 1052-8091 |bibcode = 2012MPBu...39...40G |access-date= 19 September 2017}}</ref>
<ref name="Waszczak-2015">{{cite journal |display-authors = 6 |first1 = Adam |last1 = Waszczak |first2 = Chan-Kao |last2 = Chang |first3 = Eran O. |last3 = Ofek |first4 = Russ |last4 = Laher |first5 = Frank |last5 = Masci |first6 = David |last6 = Levitan |first7 = Jason |last7 = Surace |first8 = Yu-Chi |last8 = Cheng |first9 = Wing-Huen |last9 = Ip |first10 = Daisuke |last10 = Kinoshita |first11 = George |last11 = Helou |first12 = Thomas A. |last12 = Prince |first13 = Shrinivas |last13 = Kulkarni |date = September 2015 |title = Asteroid Light Curves from the Palomar Transient Factory Survey: Rotation Periods and Phase Functions from Sparse Photometry |url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2015AJ....150...75W |journal = The Astronomical Journal |volume = 150 |issue = 3 |page = 35 |bibcode = 2015AJ....150...75W |doi = 10.1088/0004-6256/150/3/75 |arxiv = 1504.04041 |access-date= 19 September 2017}}</ref>
<ref name="Veres-2015">{{cite journal |display-authors = 6 |first1 = Peter |last1 = Veres |first2 = Robert |last2 = Jedicke |first3 = Alan |last3 = Fitzsimmons |first4 = Larry |last4 = Denneau |first5 = Mikael |last5 = Granvik |first6 = Bryce |last6 = Bolin |first7 = Serge |last7 = Chastel |first8 = Richard J. |last8 = Wainscoat |first9 = William S. |last9 = Burgett |first10 = Kenneth C. |last10 = Chambers |first11 = Heather |last11 = Flewelling |first12 = Nick |last12 = Kaiser |first13 = Eugen A. |last13 = Magnier |first14 = Jeff S. |last14 = Morgan |first15 = Paul A. |last15 = Price |first16 = John L. |last16 = Tonry |first17 = Christopher |last17 = Waters |date = November 2015 |title = Absolute magnitudes and slope parameters for 250,000 asteroids observed by Pan-STARRS PS1 - Preliminary results |url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2015Icar..261...34V |journal = Icarus |volume = 261 |pages = 34–47 |bibcode = 2015Icar..261...34V |doi = 10.1016/j.icarus.2015.08.007 |arxiv = 1506.00762 |access-date= 19 September 2017}}</ref>
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== External links == * [http://www.minorplanet.info/PHP/lcdbsummaryquery.php Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB)], query form ([http://www.minorplanet.info/lightcurvedatabase.html info] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171216050541/http://www.minorplanet.info/lightcurvedatabase.html |date=16 December 2017 }}) * [https://books.google.com/books?id=aeAg1X7afOoC&pg Dictionary of Minor Planet Names], Google books * [http://obswww.unige.ch/~behrend/page_cou.html Asteroids and comets rotation curves, CdR] – Observatoire de Genève, Raoul Behrend * [https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/lists/NumberedMPs000001.html Discovery Circumstances: Numbered Minor Planets (1)-(5000)] – Minor Planet Center * {{AstDys|1253}} * {{JPL small body}}
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Frisia}} 001253 Category:Discoveries by Karl Wilhelm Reinmuth Category:Named minor planets 19311009