{{Short description|Adeonian asteroid}} {{Use dmy dates|date=October 2019}} {{Infobox planet | minorplanet = yes | name = 1238 Predappia | background = #D6D6D6 | image = | image_size = | caption = | discovery_ref = <ref name="jpldata" /> | discoverer = L. Volta | discovery_site = Pino Torinese Obs. | discovered = 4 February 1932 | mpc_name = (1238) Predappia | alt_names = 1932 CA{{·}}1954 EQ<br />1961 XU | pronounced = | named_after = Predappio<ref name="springer" /> {{small|(Italian town)}} | mp_category = main-belt{{·}}{{small|(middle)}}<br />Eunomia<ref name="lcdb" />{{·}}Adeona<ref name="Ferret" /> | orbit_ref = <ref name="jpldata" /> | epoch = 4 September 2017 (JD 2458000.5) | uncertainty = 0 | observation_arc = 80.42 yr (29,372 days) | aphelion = 3.0430 AU | perihelion = 2.2905 AU | semimajor = 2.6667 AU | eccentricity = 0.1411 | period = 4.35 yr (1,591 days) | mean_anomaly = 225.94° | mean_motion = {{Deg2DMS|0.2263|sup=ms}} / day | inclination = 12.155° | asc_node = 51.944° | arg_peri = 91.913° | dimensions = 19.91 km {{small|(derived)}}<ref name="lcdb" /><br />{{val|19.96|1.0}} km<ref name="SIMPS" /><br />{{val|20.606|0.058}} km<ref name="Masiero-2014" /><br />{{val|21.204|0.206}} km<ref name="WISE" /><br />{{val|21.70|6.92}} km<ref name="Nugent-2015" /><br />{{val|27.09|1.02}} km<ref name="AKARI" /><br />{{val|32.14|6.44}} km<ref name="Nugent-2016" /> | rotation = {{val|6.13|0.04}} h {{small|(poor)}}<ref name="Hayes-Gehrke-2015a" /><br />{{val|8.94|0.02}} h<ref name="Warner-2006k" />{{efn|name=lightcurve-plot-Warner}}<br />{{val|24|}} h {{small|(poor)}}<ref name="geneva-obs" /> | albedo = {{val|0.02|0.02}}<ref name="Nugent-2016" /><br />{{val|0.042|0.004}}<ref name="AKARI" /><br />{{val|0.0447|0.0040}}<ref name="WISE" /><br />{{val|0.05|0.05}}<ref name="Nugent-2015" /><br />0.0644 {{small|(derived)}}<ref name="lcdb" /><br />{{val|0.070|0.007}}<ref name="Masiero-2014" /><br />{{val|0.0771|0.008}}<ref name="SIMPS" /> | spectral_type = S {{small|(assumed)}}<ref name="lcdb" /> | abs_magnitude = 11.90<ref name="SIMPS" /><ref name="WISE" /><ref name="AKARI" />{{·}}12.10<ref name="jpldata" /><ref name="lcdb" /><ref name="Nugent-2015" /><ref name="Nugent-2016" />{{·}}{{val|12.12|0.18}}<ref name="Veres-2015" /> }}
'''1238 Predappia''', provisional designation {{mp|1932 CA}}, is a dark Adeonian asteroid from the central regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 21 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 4 February 1932, by astronomer Luigi Volta at the Observatory of Turin in Pino Torinese, Italy.<ref name="MPC-object" /> It was later named after the Italian village of Predappio.<ref name="springer" />
== Orbit and classification ==
''Predappia'' is a member of the Adeona family ({{small|505}}),<ref name="Ferret" /> a large family of carbonaceous asteroids in the intermediary main belt, named after 145 Adeona. It is also dynamically classified as a member of the Eunomia family ({{small|502}}), the largest in the intermediate main belt with more than 5,000 stony asteroids.<ref name="lcdb" /><ref name="Nesvorny-2014" />{{rp|23}}
It orbits the Sun in the central asteroid belt at a distance of 2.3–3.0 AU once every 4 years and 4 months (1,591 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.14 and an inclination of 12° with respect to the ecliptic.<ref name="jpldata" /> The body's observation arc begins at Uccle in March 1941, more than 9 years after to its official discovery observation at Pino Torinese.<ref name="MPC-object" />
== Physical characteristics ==
''Predappia''{{'}}s spectral type is unknown. Although the LCDB assumes an S-type (due to its dynamical classification to the stony Eunomia family), a low albedo of 0.0644 is derived ''(see below)'' which is typical for carbonaceous C-type asteroids and in agreement with the overall spectral type of the Adeona family ({{small|505}}).<ref name="lcdb" /><ref name="Nesvorny-2014" />{{rp|23}}
=== Rotation period ===
Photometric observations of the asteroid during 2006 by Brian Warner at the Palmer Divide Observatory ({{small|716}}) in Colorado Springs, Colorado, were used to generate a lightcurve with a period of 8.94 ± 0.02 hours and a variation in brightness of 0.03 ± 0.01 magnitude ({{small|U=2-}}).<ref name="Warner-2006k" />{{efn|name=lightcurve-plot-Warner}} Other observations obtained a poorly rated lightcurve with a divergent period of 6.13 and 24 hours, respectively.<ref name="Hayes-Gehrke-2015a" /><ref name="geneva-obs" />
=== Diameter and albedo ===
According to the surveys carried out by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS, the Japanese Akari satellite and the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, ''Predappia'' measures between 19.96 and 32.14 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.02 and 0.0771.<ref name="SIMPS" /><ref name="Masiero-2014" /><ref name="WISE" /><ref name="Nugent-2015" /><ref name="AKARI" /><ref name="Nugent-2016" />
The ''Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link'' derives an albedo of 0.0644 and a diameter of 19.91 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 12.1.<ref name="lcdb" />
== Naming ==
This minor planet was named after the Italian village of Predappio near Forli, known for being the birthplace of Benito Mussolini, the founder of Italian Fascism and Italian Dictator until 1943. The author of the ''Dictionary of Minor Planet Names'', Lutz Schmadel, contacted Italian astronomer Paul G. Comba, who confirmed that this naming was "another clear instance of homage to him".<ref name="springer" /> Predappio has become a site of pilgrimage for Italian and other neofascists.<ref name="huffingtonpost" /><ref name="thedailybeast" />
== Notes == {{notelist|refs=
{{efn|name=lightcurve-plot-Warner|1={{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20170322020907/http://www.minorplanetobserver.com/pdolc/A1238_2006.HTM Lightcurve plot of 1238 Predappia]}}, Palmer Divide Observatory, Brian D. Warner (2006). Summary figures at the [http://www.minorplanet.info/PHP/generateOneAsteroidInfo.php?AstInfo=1238%7CPredappia LCDB]}}
}} <!-- end of notelist -->
== References == {{reflist|30em|refs=
<ref name="jpldata">{{cite web |type = 2017-09-30 last obs. |title = JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 1238 Predappia (1932 CA) |url = https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2001238 |publisher = Jet Propulsion Laboratory |accessdate = 27 October 2017}}</ref>
<ref name="springer">{{cite book |last = Schmadel | first = Lutz D. |title = Dictionary of Minor Planet Names |publisher = Springer Berlin Heidelberg |page = 103 |date = 2007 |isbn = 978-3-540-00238-3 |doi = 10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_1239 |chapter = (1238) Predappia }}</ref>
<ref name="MPC-object">{{cite web |title = 1238 Predappia (1932 CA) |work = Minor Planet Center |url = https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/db_search/show_object?object_id=1238 |accessdate = 27 October 2017}}</ref>
<ref name="geneva-obs">{{cite web |title = Asteroids and comets rotation curves – (1238) Predappia |last = Behrend |first = Raoul |publisher = Geneva Observatory |url = http://obswww.unige.ch/~behrend/page3cou.html#001238 |accessdate = 27 October 2017}}</ref>
<ref name="Masiero-2014">{{cite journal |display-authors = 6 |first1 = Joseph R. |last1 = Masiero |first2 = T. |last2 = Grav |first3 = A. K. |last3 = Mainzer |first4 = C. R. |last4 = Nugent |first5 = J. M. |last5 = Bauer |first6 = R. |last6 = Stevenson |first7 = S. |last7 = Sonnett |date = August 2014 |title = Main-belt Asteroids with WISE/NEOWISE: Near-infrared Albedos |url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2014ApJ...791..121M |journal = The Astrophysical Journal |volume = 791 |issue = 2 |page = 11 |bibcode = 2014ApJ...791..121M |doi = 10.1088/0004-637X/791/2/121 |arxiv = 1406.6645 |access-date= 27 October 2017}}</ref>
<ref name="Ferret">{{cite web |title = Asteroid 1238 Predappia – Nesvorny HCM Asteroid Families V3.0 |work = Small Bodies Data Ferret |url = https://sbntools.psi.edu/ferret/SimpleSearch/results.action?targetName=1238+Predappia#Asteroid%201238%20PredappiaEAR-A-VARGBDET-5-NESVORNYFAM-V3.0 |accessdate = 26 October 2019}}</ref>
<ref name="Nesvorny-2014">{{Cite book |first1 = D. |last1 = Nesvorný |first2 = M. |last2 = Broz |first3 = V. |last3 = Carruba |date = December 2014 |chapter = Identification and Dynamical Properties of Asteroid Families |title = Asteroids IV |pages = 297–321 |bibcode = 2015aste.book..297N |doi = 10.2458/azu_uapress_9780816532131-ch016 |arxiv = 1502.01628 |isbn = 9780816532131}}</ref>
<ref name="lcdb">{{cite LCDB|number = 1238 |accessdate = 27 October 2017}}</ref>
<ref name="Nugent-2015">{{cite journal |display-authors = 6 |first1 = C. R. |last1 = Nugent |first2 = A. |last2 = Mainzer |first3 = J. |last3 = Masiero |first4 = J. |last4 = Bauer |first5 = R. M. |last5 = Cutri |first6 = T. |last6 = Grav |first7 = E. |last7 = Kramer |first8 = S. |last8 = Sonnett |first9 = R. |last9 = Stevenson |first10 = E. L. |last10 = Wright |date = December 2015 |title = NEOWISE Reactivation Mission Year One: Preliminary Asteroid Diameters and Albedos |url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2015ApJ...814..117N |journal = The Astrophysical Journal |volume = 814 |issue = 2 |page = 13 |bibcode = 2015ApJ...814..117N |doi = 10.1088/0004-637X/814/2/117 |arxiv = 1509.02522 |access-date= 27 October 2017}}</ref>
<ref name="Nugent-2016">{{cite journal |display-authors = 6 |first1 = C. R. |last1 = Nugent |first2 = A. |last2 = Mainzer |first3 = J. |last3 = Bauer |first4 = R. M. |last4 = Cutri |first5 = E. A. |last5 = Kramer |first6 = T. |last6 = Grav |first7 = J. |last7 = Masiero |first8 = S. |last8 = Sonnett |first9 = E. L. |last9 = Wright |date = September 2016 |title = NEOWISE Reactivation Mission Year Two: Asteroid Diameters and Albedos |journal = The Astronomical Journal |volume = 152 |issue = 3 |page = 12 |bibcode = 2016AJ....152...63N |doi = 10.3847/0004-6256/152/3/63 |arxiv = 1606.08923 |doi-access = free }}</ref>
<ref name="AKARI">{{cite journal |display-authors = 6 |first1 = Fumihiko |last1 = Usui |first2 = Daisuke |last2 = Kuroda |first3 = Thomas G. |last3 = Müller |first4 = Sunao |last4 = Hasegawa |first5 = Masateru |last5 = Ishiguro |first6 = Takafumi |last6 = Ootsubo |first7 = Daisuke |last7 = Ishihara |first8 = Hirokazu |last8 = Kataza |first9 = Satoshi |last9 = Takita |first10 = Shinki |last10 = Oyabu |first11 = Munetaka |last11 = Ueno |first12 = Hideo |last12 = Matsuhara |first13 = Takashi |last13 = Onaka |date = October 2011 |title = Asteroid Catalog Using Akari: AKARI/IRC Mid-Infrared Asteroid Survey |journal = Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan |volume = 63 |issue = 5 |pages = 1117–1138 |bibcode = 2011PASJ...63.1117U |doi = 10.1093/pasj/63.5.1117 |doi-access= }} ([http://vizier.cfa.harvard.edu/viz-bin/VizieR-5?-source=J/PASJ/63/1117/acua_v1&Num=1238 online], [https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/43545172.pdf AcuA catalog p. 153])</ref>
<ref name="SIMPS">{{cite journal |first1 = E. F. |last1 = Tedesco |first2 = P. V. |last2 = Noah |first3 = M. |last3 = Noah |first4 = S. D. |last4 = Price |date = October 2004 |title = IRAS Minor Planet Survey V6.0 |url = https://sbnarchive.psi.edu/pds3/iras/IRAS_A_FPA_3_RDR_IMPS_V6_0/data/diamalb.tab |journal = NASA Planetary Data System |volume = 12 |pages = IRAS-A-FPA-3-RDR-IMPS-V6.0 |bibcode = 2004PDSS...12.....T |accessdate = 22 October 2019}}</ref>
<ref name="WISE">{{cite journal |display-authors = 6 |first1 = A. |last1 = Mainzer |first2 = T. |last2 = Grav |first3 = J. |last3 = Masiero |first4 = E. |last4 = Hand |first5 = J. |last5 = Bauer |first6 = D. |last6 = Tholen |first7 = R. S. |last7 = McMillan |first8 = T. |last8 = Spahr |first9 = R. M. |last9 = Cutri |first10 = E. |last10 = Wright |first11 = J. |last11 = Watkins |first12 = W. |last12 = Mo |first13 = C. |last13 = Maleszewski |date = November 2011 |title = NEOWISE Studies of Spectrophotometrically Classified Asteroids: Preliminary Results |journal = The Astrophysical Journal |volume = 741 |issue = 2 |page = 25 |bibcode = 2011ApJ...741...90M |doi = 10.1088/0004-637X/741/2/90 |arxiv = 1109.6407}}</ref>
<ref name="Warner-2006k">{{Cite journal |author = Warner, Brian D. |date = September 2006 |title = Asteroid lightcurve analysis at the Palmer Divide Observatory - late 2005 and early 2006 |url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2006MPBu...33...58W |journal = The Minor Planet Bulletin |volume = 33 |issue = 3 |pages = 58–62 |issn = 1052-8091 |bibcode = 2006MPBu...33...58W |access-date= 27 October 2017}}</ref>
<ref name="Hayes-Gehrke-2015a">{{Cite journal |display-authors = 6 |first1 = Melissa N. |last1 = Hayes-Gehrke |first2 = Dmitriy |last2 = Chuchuva |first3 = Aboli |last3 = Kumthekar |first4 = Amanda |last4 = Modica |first5 = Annalynn |last5 = Higgins |first6 = Benjamin |last6 = Gmurczyk |first7 = William |last7 = Garcia |first8 = Luis |last8 = Argueta |first9 = Philip |last9 = Litz |date = October 2015 |title = Lightcurve Analysis for 1238 Predappia |url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2015MPBu...42..240H |journal = The Minor Planet Bulletin |volume = 42 |issue = 4 |page = 240 |issn = 1052-8091 |bibcode = 2015MPBu...42..240H |access-date= 27 October 2017}}</ref>
<ref name="Veres-2015">{{cite journal |display-authors = 6 |first1 = Peter |last1 = Veres |first2 = Robert |last2 = Jedicke |first3 = Alan |last3 = Fitzsimmons |first4 = Larry |last4 = Denneau |first5 = Mikael |last5 = Granvik |first6 = Bryce |last6 = Bolin |first7 = Serge |last7 = Chastel |first8 = Richard J. |last8 = Wainscoat |first9 = William S. |last9 = Burgett |first10 = Kenneth C. |last10 = Chambers |first11 = Heather |last11 = Flewelling |first12 = Nick |last12 = Kaiser |first13 = Eugen A. |last13 = Magnier |first14 = Jeff S. |last14 = Morgan |first15 = Paul A. |last15 = Price |first16 = John L. |last16 = Tonry |first17 = Christopher |last17 = Waters |date = November 2015 |title = Absolute magnitudes and slope parameters for 250,000 asteroids observed by Pan-STARRS PS1 - Preliminary results |url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2015Icar..261...34V |journal = Icarus |volume = 261 |pages = 34–47 |bibcode = 2015Icar..261...34V |doi = 10.1016/j.icarus.2015.08.007 |arxiv = 1506.00762 |access-date= 27 October 2017}}</ref>
<ref name="huffingtonpost">[http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/10/25/neo-fascists-from-italy_n_2017810.html "Neo-Fascists In Italy Gather For 90th Anniversary Of March On Rome"] by Marco Pasqua, ''Huffington Post'', 27 October 2012</ref>
<ref name="thedailybeast">[http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2015/04/26/some-italians-feel-a-yes-but-nostalgia-for-mussolini.html "Inside the Mussolini Museum"] by Barbie Latza Nadeau, ''The Daily Beast'', 26 April 2015</ref>
}} <!-- end of reflist -->
== External links == * [http://www.minorplanet.info/PHP/lcdbsummaryquery.php Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB)], query form ([http://www.minorplanet.info/lightcurvedatabase.html info] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171216050541/http://www.minorplanet.info/lightcurvedatabase.html |date=16 December 2017 }}) * [https://books.google.com/books?id=aeAg1X7afOoC&pg Dictionary of Minor Planet Names], Google books * [http://obswww.unige.ch/~behrend/page_cou.html Asteroids and comets rotation curves, CdR] – Observatoire de Genève, Raoul Behrend * [https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/lists/NumberedMPs000001.html Discovery Circumstances: Numbered Minor Planets (1)-(5000)] – Minor Planet Center * {{AstDys|1238}} * {{JPL small body}}
{{Minor planets navigator |1237 Geneviève |number=1238 |1239 Queteleta}} {{Small Solar System bodies}} {{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Predappia}} 001238 Category:Discoveries by Luigi Volta Category:Named minor planets 19320204