{{Short description|Background asteroid}} {{Use dmy dates|date=December 2018}} {{Infobox planet | minorplanet = yes | name = 1232 Cortusa | background = #D6D6D6 | image = | image_size = | caption = | discovery_ref = <ref name="MPC-object" /> | discoverer = K. Reinmuth | discovery_site = Heidelberg Obs. | discovered = 10 October 1931 | mpc_name = (1232) Cortusa | alt_names = {{mp|1931 TF|2}}{{·}}1930 OH | pronounced = {{IPAc-en|k|ɔr|'|tj|uː|s|ə}}<ref>Charles Harley Cleaveland (1871) ''Pronouncing Medical Lexicon'', p. 71</ref> | named_after = Cortusa<ref name="springer" /><br />{{small|(flowering plant)}} | mp_category = main-belt<ref name="MPC-object" /><ref name="jpldata" />{{·}}{{small|(outer)}}<br />background<ref name="Ferret" /><ref name="AstDys-object" /> | orbit_ref = <ref name="jpldata" /> | epoch = 27 April 2019 (JD 2458600.5) | uncertainty = 0 | observation_arc = 88.16 yr (32,200 d) | aphelion = 3.6109 AU | perihelion = 2.7535 AU | semimajor = 3.1822 AU | eccentricity = 0.1347 | period = 5.68 yr (2,073 d) | mean_anomaly = 279.34° | mean_motion = {{Deg2DMS|0.1736|sup=ms}} / day | inclination = 10.362° | asc_node = 261.21° | arg_peri = 340.44° | mean_diameter = {{val|33.13|2.3|ul=km}}<ref name="SIMPS" /><br />{{val|36.367|0.463|u=km}}<ref name="Mainzer-2016" /><ref name="Masiero-2014" /><br />{{val|36.60|9.07|u=km}}<ref name="Nugent-2016" /><br />{{val|39.17|11.98|u=km}}<ref name="Nugent-2015" /><br />{{val|42.015|0.259|u=km}}<ref name="WISE" /><br />{{val|42.20|1.11|u=km}}<ref name="AKARI" /><br />{{val|43.27|0.82|u=km}}<ref name="Masiero-2012" /> | rotation = {{val|25.16|0.02|ul=h}}<ref name="geneva-obs" /> | albedo = {{val|0.072}}<ref name="Masiero-2012" /><br />{{val|0.0833}}<ref name="WISE" /><br />{{val|0.085}}<ref name="AKARI" /><br />{{val|0.120}}<ref name="Mainzer-2016" /><ref name="Nugent-2015" /><br />{{val|0.1339}}<ref name="SIMPS" /><br />{{val|0.14}}<ref name="Nugent-2016" /> | spectral_type = X {{small|(SDSS-MOC)}}<ref name="SDSS-Taxonomy" /> | abs_magnitude = 10.20<ref name="SIMPS" /><ref name="Mainzer-2016" /><ref name="Nugent-2015" /><ref name="WISE" /><ref name="AKARI" /><br />10.3<ref name="MPC-object" /><ref name="jpldata" /><br />10.35<ref name="Nugent-2016" /> }}
'''1232 Cortusa''', provisional designation {{mp|1931 TF|2}}, is a background asteroid from the outer regions of the asteroid belt, approximately {{convert|40|km|mi|abbr=off|sigfig=2|sp=us}} in diameter. It was discovered on 10 October 1931, by astronomer Karl Reinmuth at the Heidelberg Observatory in southwest Germany.<ref name="MPC-object" /> The X-type asteroid has a rotation period of 25.2 hours.<ref name="lcdb" /> It was named after the plant ''Cortusa'' and indirectly honors astronomer Gustav Stracke.<ref name="springer" />
== Orbit and classification ==
''Cortusa'' is a non-family asteroid from the main belt's background population.<ref name="Ferret" /><ref name="AstDys-object" /> It orbits the Sun in the outer main-belt at a distance of 2.8–3.6 AU once every 5 years and 8 months (2,073 days; semi-major axis of 3.18 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.13 and an inclination of 10° with respect to the ecliptic.<ref name="jpldata" /> The body's observation arc begins with its first observation as {{mp|1930 OH}} at Johannesburg Observatory in July 1930, or 15 months prior to its official discovery observation at Heidelberg.<ref name="MPC-object" />
== Naming ==
This minor planet was named after the flowering plant ''Cortusa'', a species of plant in the primrose family. The official {{MoMP|1232|naming citation}} was mentioned in ''The Names of the Minor Planets'' by Paul Herget in 1955 ({{small|H 114}}).<ref name="springer" /> It honors German astronomer and diligent orbit computer Gustav Stracke (1887–1943), who had asked that no asteroid be named after him. The initials of the asteroids {{MoMP|1227|1227}} through {{MoMP|1234|1234}}, all discovered by Karl Reinmuth, spell out "G. Stracke". In this manner, Reinmuth was able to circumvent Stracke's desire and honor him nevertheless. The asteroid 1019 Strackea was later named after Stracke directly.<ref name="springer-Gustav-Stracke" /> In the 1990s, astronomer Brian Marsden was also honored by this method, see asteroids {{MoMP|5694|5694}} to {{MoMP|5699|5699}}. The consecutive initial letters of these minor-planet names spell out "MarsdenB".<ref name="springer-Marsden" />
=== Reinmuth's flowers ===
Due to his many discoveries, Karl Reinmuth submitted a large list of 66 newly named asteroids in the early 1930s. The list covered his discoveries with numbers between {{MoMP|1009|(1009)}} and {{MoMP|1200|(1200)}}. This list also contained a sequence of 28 asteroids, starting with 1054 Forsytia, that were all named after plants, in particular flowering plants ''(also see list of minor planets named after animals and plants)''.<ref name="springer-flowers" />
== Physical characteristics ==
In the SDSS-based taxonomy, ''Cortusa'' is an X-type asteroid.<ref name="Ferret" /><ref name="SDSS-Taxonomy" />
=== Rotation period ===
In August 2004, a rotational lightcurve of ''Cortusa'' was obtained from photometric observations by French amateur astronomer Pierre Antonini. Lightcurve analysis gave a rotation period of {{val|25.16|0.02}} hours with a brightness amplitude of 0.10 magnitude ({{small|U=2}}).<ref name="geneva-obs" /> Other period determinations were made by René Roy (<10 h) in December 2006 ({{small|U=1}}),<ref name="geneva-obs" /> and by the Spanish OBAS group (22.05 h) in June 2016 ({{small|U=2-}}).<ref name="Garceran-2016a" />
=== Diameter and albedo ===
According to the surveys carried out by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS, the Japanese Akari satellite and the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, ''Cortusa'' measures between 33.13 and 43.27 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.07 and 0.14.<ref name="SIMPS" /><ref name="Mainzer-2016" /><ref name="Masiero-2014" /><ref name="Nugent-2016" /><ref name="Nugent-2015" /><ref name="WISE" /><ref name="AKARI" /><ref name="Masiero-2012" /> The ''Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link'' derives an albedo of 0.1226 and a diameter of 33.05 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 10.3.<ref name="lcdb" />
== References == {{reflist|30em|refs=
<ref name="jpldata">{{cite web |type = 2018-09-18 last obs. |title = JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 1232 Cortusa (1931 TF2) |url = https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2001232 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200918043039/https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2001232 |url-status = dead |archive-date = 18 September 2020 |publisher = Jet Propulsion Laboratory |accessdate = 15 December 2018}}</ref>
<ref name="springer">{{cite book |title = Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – (1232) Cortusa |last = Schmadel | first = Lutz D. |publisher = Springer Berlin Heidelberg |page = 102 |date = 2007 |isbn = 978-3-540-00238-3 |doi = 10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_1233 |chapter = (1232) Cortusa }}</ref>
<ref name="springer-Gustav-Stracke">{{cite book |title = Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – (1234) Elyna |last = Schmadel | first = Lutz D. |publisher = Springer Berlin Heidelberg |pages = 102–103 |date = 2007 |isbn = 978-3-540-00238-3 |doi = 10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_1235 |chapter = (1234) Elyna }}</ref>
<ref name="springer-flowers">{{cite book |title = Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – (1054) Forsytia |last = Schmadel |first = Lutz D. |publisher = Springer Berlin Heidelberg |page = 90 |date = 2007 |isbn = 978-3-540-00238-3 |doi = 10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_1055 |chapter = (1054) Forsytia}}</ref>
<ref name="springer-Marsden">{{cite book |title = Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – (5699) Munch |last = Schmadel | first = Lutz D. |publisher = Springer Berlin Heidelberg |page = 483 |date = 2007 |isbn = 978-3-540-00238-3 |doi = 10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_5391 |chapter = (5699) Munch }}</ref>
<ref name="MPC-object">{{cite web |title = 1232 Cortusa (1931 TF2) |work = Minor Planet Center |url = https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/db_search/show_object?object_id=1232 |accessdate = 15 December 2018}}</ref>
<ref name="geneva-obs">{{cite web |title = Asteroids and comets rotation curves – (1232) Cortusa |last = Behrend |first = Raoul |publisher = Geneva Observatory |url = http://obswww.unige.ch/~behrend/page3cou.html#001232 |accessdate = 15 December 2018}}</ref>
<ref name="Masiero-2014">{{cite journal |display-authors = 6 |first1 = Joseph R. |last1 = Masiero |first2 = T. |last2 = Grav |first3 = A. K. |last3 = Mainzer |first4 = C. R. |last4 = Nugent |first5 = J. M. |last5 = Bauer |first6 = R. |last6 = Stevenson |first7 = S. |last7 = Sonnett |date = August 2014 |title = Main-belt Asteroids with WISE/NEOWISE: Near-infrared Albedos |journal = The Astrophysical Journal |volume = 791 |issue = 2 |page = 11 |bibcode = 2014ApJ...791..121M |doi = 10.1088/0004-637X/791/2/121 |arxiv = 1406.6645|s2cid = 119293330 }}</ref>
<ref name="AstDys-object">{{cite web |title = Asteroid (1232) Cortusa – Proper elements |publisher = AstDyS-2, Asteroids – Dynamic Site |url = https://newton.spacedys.com/astdys/index.php?n=1232&pc=1.1.6 |accessdate = 14 December 2018}}</ref>
<ref name="Ferret">{{cite web |title = Asteroid 1232 Cortusa |work = Small Bodies Data Ferret |url = https://sbntools.psi.edu/ferret/SimpleSearch/results.action?targetName=1232+Cortusa |accessdate = 15 December 2018}}</ref>
<ref name="SDSS-Taxonomy">{{Cite journal |first1 = J. M. |last1 = Carvano |first2 = P. H. |last2 = Hasselmann |first3 = D. |last3 = Lazzaro |first4 = T. |last4 = Mothé-Diniz |date = February 2010 |title = SDSS-based taxonomic classification and orbital distribution of main belt asteroids |url = https://sbnarchive.psi.edu/pds3/non_mission/EAR_A_I0035_5_SDSSTAX_V1_1/data/sdsstax_ast_table.tab |journal = Astronomy and Astrophysics |volume = 510 |page = 12 |bibcode = 2010A&A...510A..43C |doi = 10.1051/0004-6361/200913322 |access-date= 30 October 2019|doi-access= free }} [https://sbn.psi.edu/pds/resource/sdsstax.html (PDS data set)]</ref>
<ref name="lcdb">{{cite LCDB|number = 1232 |accessdate = 15 December 2018}}</ref>
<ref name="Masiero-2012">{{cite journal |display-authors = 6 |first1 = Joseph R. |last1 = Masiero |first2 = A. K. |last2 = Mainzer |first3 = T. |last3 = Grav |first4 = J. M. |last4 = Bauer |first5 = R. M. |last5 = Cutri |first6 = C. |last6 = Nugent |first7 = M. S. |last7 = Cabrera |date = November 2012 |title = Preliminary Analysis of WISE/NEOWISE 3-Band Cryogenic and Post-cryogenic Observations of Main Belt Asteroids |journal = The Astrophysical Journal Letters |volume = 759 |issue = 1 |page = 5 |bibcode = 2012ApJ...759L...8M |doi = 10.1088/2041-8205/759/1/L8 |arxiv = 1209.5794|s2cid = 46350317 }}</ref>
<ref name="Nugent-2015">{{cite journal |display-authors = 6 |first1 = C. R. |last1 = Nugent |first2 = A. |last2 = Mainzer |first3 = J. |last3 = Masiero |first4 = J. |last4 = Bauer |first5 = R. M. |last5 = Cutri |first6 = T. |last6 = Grav |first7 = E. |last7 = Kramer |first8 = S. |last8 = Sonnett |first9 = R. |last9 = Stevenson |first10 = E. L. |last10 = Wright |date = December 2015 |title = NEOWISE Reactivation Mission Year One: Preliminary Asteroid Diameters and Albedos |journal = The Astrophysical Journal |volume = 814 |issue = 2 |page = 13 |bibcode = 2015ApJ...814..117N |doi = 10.1088/0004-637X/814/2/117 |arxiv = 1509.02522|s2cid = 9341381 }}</ref>
<ref name="Mainzer-2016">{{cite journal |display-authors = 6 |first1 = A. K. |last1 = Mainzer |first2 = J. M. |last2 = Bauer |first3 = R. M. |last3 = Cutri |first4 = T. |last4 = Grav |first5 = E. A. |last5 = Kramer |first6 = J. R. |last6 = Masiero |first7 = C. R. |last7 = Nugent |first8 = S. M. |last8 = Sonnett |first9 = R. A. |last9 = Stevenson |first10 = E. L. |last10 = Wright |date = June 2016 |title = NEOWISE Diameters and Albedos V1.0 |url = https://sbnarchive.psi.edu/pds3/non_mission/EAR_A_COMPIL_5_NEOWISEDIAM_V1_0/data/neowise_mainbelt.tab |journal = NASA Planetary Data System |pages = EAR-A-COMPIL-5-NEOWISEDIAM-V1.0 |bibcode = 2016PDSS..247.....M |access-date= 15 December 2018}}</ref>
<ref name="Nugent-2016">{{cite journal |display-authors = 6 |first1 = C. R. |last1 = Nugent |first2 = A. |last2 = Mainzer |first3 = J. |last3 = Bauer |first4 = R. M. |last4 = Cutri |first5 = E. A. |last5 = Kramer |first6 = T. |last6 = Grav |first7 = J. |last7 = Masiero |first8 = S. |last8 = Sonnett |first9 = E. L. |last9 = Wright |date = September 2016 |title = NEOWISE Reactivation Mission Year Two: Asteroid Diameters and Albedos |journal = The Astronomical Journal |volume = 152 |issue = 3 |page = 12 |bibcode = 2016AJ....152...63N |doi = 10.3847/0004-6256/152/3/63 |arxiv = 1606.08923|s2cid = 119289027 |doi-access = free }}</ref>
<ref name="AKARI">{{cite journal |display-authors = 6 |first1 = Fumihiko |last1 = Usui |first2 = Daisuke |last2 = Kuroda |first3 = Thomas G. |last3 = Müller |first4 = Sunao |last4 = Hasegawa |first5 = Masateru |last5 = Ishiguro |first6 = Takafumi |last6 = Ootsubo |first7 = Daisuke |last7 = Ishihara |first8 = Hirokazu |last8 = Kataza |first9 = Satoshi |last9 = Takita |first10 = Shinki |last10 = Oyabu |first11 = Munetaka |last11 = Ueno |first12 = Hideo |last12 = Matsuhara |first13 = Takashi |last13 = Onaka |date = October 2011 |title = Asteroid Catalog Using Akari: AKARI/IRC Mid-Infrared Asteroid Survey |journal = Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan |volume = 63 |issue = 5 |pages = 1117–1138 |bibcode = 2011PASJ...63.1117U |doi = 10.1093/pasj/63.5.1117 |doi-access= free }} ([http://vizier.cfa.harvard.edu/viz-bin/VizieR-5?-source=J/PASJ/63/1117/acua_v1&Num=1232 online], [https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/43545172.pdf AcuA catalog p. 153])</ref>
<ref name="SIMPS">{{cite journal |first1 = E. F. |last1 = Tedesco |first2 = P. V. |last2 = Noah |first3 = M. |last3 = Noah |first4 = S. D. |last4 = Price |date = October 2004 |title = IRAS Minor Planet Survey V6.0 |url = https://sbnarchive.psi.edu/pds3/iras/IRAS_A_FPA_3_RDR_IMPS_V6_0/data/diamalb.tab |journal = NASA Planetary Data System – IRAS-A-FPA-3-RDR-IMPS-V6.0 |pages = IRAS-A-FPA-3-RDR-IMPS-V6.0 |bibcode = 2004PDSS...12.....T |access-date= 15 December 2018}}</ref>
<ref name="WISE">{{cite journal |display-authors = 6 |first1 = A. |last1 = Mainzer |first2 = T. |last2 = Grav |first3 = J. |last3 = Masiero |first4 = E. |last4 = Hand |first5 = J. |last5 = Bauer |first6 = D. |last6 = Tholen |first7 = R. S. |last7 = McMillan |first8 = T. |last8 = Spahr |first9 = R. M. |last9 = Cutri |first10 = E. |last10 = Wright |first11 = J. |last11 = Watkins |first12 = W. |last12 = Mo |first13 = C. |last13 = Maleszewski |date = November 2011 |title = NEOWISE Studies of Spectrophotometrically Classified Asteroids: Preliminary Results |journal = The Astrophysical Journal |volume = 741 |issue = 2 |page = 25 |bibcode = 2011ApJ...741...90M |doi = 10.1088/0004-637X/741/2/90 |arxiv = 1109.6407 |s2cid = 118700974 }} ([http://iopscience.iop.org/0004-637X/741/2/68/fulltext/apj398969t1_mrt.txt catalog])</ref>
<ref name="Garceran-2016a">{{Cite journal |display-authors = 6 |first1 = Alfonso Carreno |last1 = Garceran |first2 = Amadeo |last2 = Aznar |first3 = Enrique Arce |last3 = Mansego |first4 = Pedro Brines |last4 = Rodriguez |first5 = Juan Lozano |last5 = de Haro |first6 = Alvaro Fornas |last6 = Silva |first7 = Gonzalo Fornas |last7 = Silva |first8 = Vincente Mas |last8 = Martinez |first9 = Onofre Rodrigo |last9 = Chiner |date = January 2016 |title = Nineteen Asteroids Lightcurves at Asteroids Observers (OBAS) - MPPD: 2015 April - September |journal = The Minor Planet Bulletin |volume = 43 |issue = 1 |pages = 92–97 |issn = 1052-8091 |bibcode = 2016MPBu...43...92G }}</ref>
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== External links == * [http://www.minorplanet.info/PHP/lcdbsummaryquery.php Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB)], query form ([http://www.minorplanet.info/lightcurvedatabase.html info] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171216050541/http://www.minorplanet.info/lightcurvedatabase.html |date=16 December 2017 }}) * [https://books.google.com/books?id=aeAg1X7afOoC&pg Dictionary of Minor Planet Names], Google books * [http://obswww.unige.ch/~behrend/page_cou.html Asteroids and comets rotation curves, CdR] – Observatoire de Genève, Raoul Behrend * [https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/lists/NumberedMPs000001.html Discovery Circumstances: Numbered Minor Planets (1)-(5000)] – Minor Planet Center * {{AstDys|1232}} * {{JPL small body}}
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Cortusa}} 001232 Category:Discoveries by Karl Wilhelm Reinmuth Category:Named minor planets 19311010