1171 Rusthawelia

{{Short description|Main-belt asteroid}} {{Use dmy dates|date=March 2018}} {{Infobox planet | minorplanet = yes | name = 1171 Rusthawelia | background = #D6D6D6 | image = 001171-asteroid shape model (1171) Rusthawelia.png | image_scale = | caption = Shape model of ''Rusthawelia'' from its lightcurve | discovery_ref = <ref name="MPC-object" /> | discoverer = S. Arend | discovery_site = Uccle Obs. | discovered = 3 October 1930 | mpc_name = (1171) Rusthawelia | alt_names = 1930 TA{{·}}1926 AD 1926 FH{{·}}1927 FC 1949 BT{{·}}A904 EB A913 TA | pronounced = | named_after = Shota Rustaveli {{small|(Georgian poet)}}<ref name="springer" /> | mp_category = main-belt{{·}}{{small|(outer)}}<ref name="lcdb" /> background<ref name="AstDys-object" /> | orbit_ref = <ref name="jpldata" /> | epoch = 23 March 2018 (JD 2458200.5) | uncertainty = 0 | observation_arc = 113.85 yr (41,584 d) | aphelion = 3.7970 AU | perihelion = 2.5779 AU | semimajor = 3.1875 AU | eccentricity = 0.1912 | period = 5.69 yr (2,079 d) | mean_anomaly = 175.66° | mean_motion = {{Deg2DMS|0.1732|sup=ms}} / day | inclination = 3.0731° | asc_node = 121.78° | arg_peri = 290.57°

| mean_diameter = {{val|68.67|16.71}} km<ref name="Nugent-2015" /> {{val|70.13|2.3}} km<ref name="SIMPS" /> {{val|70.216|1.560}} km<ref name="WISE" /> {{val|70.98|2.42|u=km}}<ref name="Carry-2012" /> {{val|72.09|1.19}} km<ref name="AKARI" /> {{val|72.38|20.19}} km<ref name="Nugent-2016" /> {{val|82.229|1.004}} km<ref name="Masiero-2012" />

| mass = {{val|1.81|0.20|e=18|ul=kg}}<ref name="Carry-2012" /> | density = {{val|9.66|1.45|ul=g/cm3}}<ref name="Carry-2012" />

| rotation = {{val|10.80|0.01|ul=h}}<ref name="Menke-2005a" /> {{val|10.98|0.01}} h<ref name="Ivarsen-2004" /> {{val|11.013|0.003}} h<ref name="geneva-obs" />

| albedo = {{val|0.029|0.003}}<ref name="Masiero-2012" /> {{val|0.038|0.002}}<ref name="AKARI" /> {{val|0.0393|0.0051}}<ref name="WISE" /> {{val|0.0394|0.003}}<ref name="SIMPS" /> {{val|0.04|0.02}}<ref name="Nugent-2015" /><ref name="Nugent-2016" />

| spectral_type = Tholen {{=}} P<ref name="lcdb" /><ref name="jpldata" />{{·}}P<ref name="WISE" /> B–V {{=}} 0.678<ref name="jpldata" /> U–B {{=}} 0.255<ref name="jpldata" />

| abs_magnitude = 9.89<ref name="Nugent-2016" /> 9.90<ref name="lcdb" /><ref name="jpldata" /><ref name="Nugent-2015" /><ref name="SIMPS" /><ref name="WISE" /><ref name="AKARI" /><ref name="Masiero-2012" /> {{val|9.94|0.16}}<ref name="Veres-2015" /> }}

'''1171 Rusthawelia''', provisional designation {{mp|1930 TA}}, is a large and dark background asteroid, approximately {{convert|72|km|mi|abbr=off|sp=us}} in diameter, located in the outer regions of the asteroid belt. It was discovered on 3 October 1930, by Belgian astronomer Sylvain Arend at the Royal Observatory of Belgium in Uccle, and was an unnoticed rediscovery of a lost minor planet then known as "Adelaide".<ref name="MPC-object" /> As the asteroid was already named for Georgian poet Shota Rustaveli when the rediscovery was realized, its former designation was given to another asteroid instead, which is now known as 525 Adelaide.<ref name="springer" /> ''Rusthawelia'' is a primitive P-type asteroid and has a rotation period of 11 hours.

== Unnoticed rediscovery of lost asteroid ==

When Arend discovered ''Rusthawelia'' in 1930, it was not realized that he rediscovered the long-lost asteroid "525 Adelaide". It was already discovered 26 years earlier as {{mp|A904 EB}} by German astronomer Max Wolf at Heidelberg Observatory in March 1904, who observed it for a short time during the discovery opposition before it became lost. Only decades later, in 1958, it was shown by French astronomer André Patry that both asteroid's discovered by Wolf and Arend were one and the same ({{small|M.P.C. 1831}}). It was then decided that this asteroid retains the number–name designation "1171 Rusthawelia", while 525 Adelaide was vacated and given to another asteroid (which was the object {{mp|1908 EKa}}, discovered by Joel Hastings Metcalf).<ref name="jpldata" /><ref name="springer-Adelaide" />

Another confusion occurred in 1929, one year before Arend's discovery, when American astronomer Anne Sewell Young thought to have found long-lost "Adelaide", when in fact she mistook the asteroid for comet 31P/Schwassmann–Wachmann that had a very similar orbital eccentricity.<ref name="Young-1929" />

== Orbit and classification ==

''Rusthawelia'' is a non-family asteroid from the main belt's background population.<ref name="AstDys-object" /> It orbits the Sun in the outer main-belt at a distance of 2.6–3.8 AU once every 5 years and 8 months (2,079 days; semi-major axis of 3.19 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.19 and an inclination of 3° with respect to the ecliptic.<ref name="jpldata" /> The body's observation arc begins as {{mp|A904 EB}} at Heidelberg in March 1904, when it was discovered by Max Wolf ''(see above)''.<ref name="MPC-object" />

== Naming ==

This minor planet was named for medieval Georgian poet Shota Rustaveli (შოთა რუსთაველი, c. 1160 – after c. 1220). The official naming citation was mentioned in ''The Names of the Minor Planets'' by Paul Herget in 1955 ({{small|H 109}}).<ref name="springer" />

== Physical characteristics ==

''Rusthawelia'' is a dark and primitive P-type asteroid, as characterized by the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE),<ref name="WISE" /> and classified by Tholen.<ref name="jpldata" /><ref name="lcdb" />

=== Rotation period ===

In October and November 2003, two rotational lightcurves of ''Rusthawelia'' were obtained from photometric observations by John Menke at his observatory in Barnesville, Maryland, and by a group of American astronomers. Lightcurve analysis gave a well-defined rotation period of 10.80 and 10.98 hours and a brightness variation of 0.31 and 0.26 magnitude, respectively ({{small|U=3/3}}).<ref name="Menke-2005a" /><ref name="Ivarsen-2004" /> A third, concurring period of 11.013 hours with an amplitude of 0.26 magnitude was obtained by French amateur astronomer René Roy in February 2005 ({{small|U=3}}).<ref name="geneva-obs" />

=== Diameter and albedo ===

According to the surveys carried out by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS, the Japanese Akari satellite and the NEOWISE mission of NASA's WISE telescope, ''Rusthawelia'' measures between 68.67 and 82.23 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.029 and 0.04.<ref name="Nugent-2015" /><ref name="SIMPS" /><ref name="WISE" /><ref name="AKARI" /><ref name="Nugent-2016" /><ref name="Masiero-2012" /> The ''Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link'' adopts the results obtained by IRAS, that is, an albedo of 0.0394 and a diameter of 70.13 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 9.90.<ref name="lcdb" />

== References == {{reflist|30em|refs=

<ref name="jpldata">{{cite web |type = 2018-01-20 last obs. |title = JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 1171 Rusthawelia (1930 TA) |url = https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2001171 |publisher = Jet Propulsion Laboratory |accessdate = 5 March 2018}}</ref>

<ref name="springer">{{cite book |title = Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – (1171) Rusthawelia |last = Schmadel | first = Lutz D. |publisher = Springer Berlin Heidelberg |chapter = (1171) Rusthawelia |pages = 98–99 |date = 2007 |isbn = 978-3-540-00238-3 |doi = 10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_1172}}</ref>

<ref name="springer-Adelaide">{{cite book |title = Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – (525) Adelaide |last = Schmadel | first = Lutz D. |publisher = Springer Berlin Heidelberg |chapter = (525) Adelaide |page = 56 |date = 2007 |isbn = 978-3-540-00238-3 |doi = 10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_526}}</ref>

<ref name="Young-1929">{{cite news |title = Long 'Lost' Planet Found Masquerading as Comet |newspaper = Oakland Tribune |date = June 21, 1929 |page = 31 |via = Newspapers.com |url = https://www.newspapers.com/clip/14987519/anne_sewell_young_18711961/ |accessdate = November 9, 2017}} {{Open access}}</ref>

<ref name="MPC-object">{{cite web |title = 1171 Rusthawelia (1930 TA) |work = Minor Planet Center |url = https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/db_search/show_object?object_id=1171 |accessdate = 5 March 2018}}</ref>

<ref name="geneva-obs">{{cite web |title = Asteroids and comets rotation curves – (1171) Rusthawelia |last = Behrend |first = Raoul |publisher = Geneva Observatory |url = https://obswww.unige.ch/~behrend/page3cou.html#001171 |accessdate = 5 March 2018}}</ref>

<ref name="AstDys-object">{{cite web |title = Asteroid 1171 Rusthawelia – Proper Elements |publisher = AstDyS-2, Asteroids – Dynamic Site |url = https://newton.spacedys.com/astdys/index.php?pc=1.1.6&n=1171 |access-date= 28 October 2019}}</ref>

<ref name="Carry-2012">{{Citation |first1 = B. |last1 = Carry |date = December 2012 |title = Density of asteroids |journal = Planetary and Space Science |volume = 73 |issue = 1 |pages = 98–118 |doi = 10.1016/j.pss.2012.03.009 |bibcode = 2012P&SS...73...98C |arxiv = 1203.4336 |s2cid = 119226456 }} See Table 1.</ref>

<ref name="lcdb">{{cite LCDB|number = 1171 |accessdate = 5 March 2018}}</ref>

<ref name="SIMPS">{{cite journal |first1 = E. F. |last1 = Tedesco |first2 = P. V. |last2 = Noah |first3 = M. |last3 = Noah |first4 = S. D. |last4 = Price |date = October 2004 |title = IRAS Minor Planet Survey V6.0 |url = https://sbnarchive.psi.edu/pds3/iras/IRAS_A_FPA_3_RDR_IMPS_V6_0/data/diamalb.tab |journal = NASA Planetary Data System |volume = 12 |pages = IRAS-A-FPA-3-RDR-IMPS-V6.0 |bibcode = 2004PDSS...12.....T |accessdate = 22 October 2019}}</ref>

<ref name="AKARI">{{cite journal |display-authors = 6 |first1 = Fumihiko |last1 = Usui |first2 = Daisuke |last2 = Kuroda |first3 = Thomas G. |last3 = Müller |first4 = Sunao |last4 = Hasegawa |first5 = Masateru |last5 = Ishiguro |first6 = Takafumi |last6 = Ootsubo |first7 = Daisuke |last7 = Ishihara |first8 = Hirokazu |last8 = Kataza |first9 = Satoshi |last9 = Takita |first10 = Shinki |last10 = Oyabu |first11 = Munetaka |last11 = Ueno |first12 = Hideo |last12 = Matsuhara |first13 = Takashi |last13 = Onaka |date = October 2011 |title = Asteroid Catalog Using Akari: AKARI/IRC Mid-Infrared Asteroid Survey |journal = Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan |volume = 63 |issue = 5 |pages = 1117–1138 |bibcode = 2011PASJ...63.1117U |doi = 10.1093/pasj/63.5.1117 |doi-access= }} ([http://vizier.cfa.harvard.edu/viz-bin/VizieR-5?-source=J/PASJ/63/1117/acua_v1&Num=1171 online], [https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/43545172.pdf AcuA catalog p. 153])</ref>

<ref name="WISE">{{cite journal |display-authors = 6 |first1 = A. |last1 = Mainzer |first2 = T. |last2 = Grav |first3 = J. |last3 = Masiero |first4 = E. |last4 = Hand |first5 = J. |last5 = Bauer |first6 = D. |last6 = Tholen |first7 = R. S. |last7 = McMillan |first8 = T. |last8 = Spahr |first9 = R. M. |last9 = Cutri |first10 = E. |last10 = Wright |first11 = J. |last11 = Watkins |first12 = W. |last12 = Mo |first13 = C. |last13 = Maleszewski |date = November 2011 |title = NEOWISE Studies of Spectrophotometrically Classified Asteroids: Preliminary Results |journal = The Astrophysical Journal |volume = 741 |issue = 2 |page = 25 |bibcode = 2011ApJ...741...90M |doi = 10.1088/0004-637X/741/2/90 |arxiv = 1109.6407|s2cid = 35447010 }}</ref>

<ref name="Nugent-2016">{{cite journal |display-authors = 6 |first1 = C. R. |last1 = Nugent |first2 = A. |last2 = Mainzer |first3 = J. |last3 = Bauer |first4 = R. M. |last4 = Cutri |first5 = E. A. |last5 = Kramer |first6 = T. |last6 = Grav |first7 = J. |last7 = Masiero |first8 = S. |last8 = Sonnett |first9 = E. L. |last9 = Wright |date = September 2016 |title = NEOWISE Reactivation Mission Year Two: Asteroid Diameters and Albedos |journal = The Astronomical Journal |volume = 152 |issue = 3 |page = 12 |bibcode = 2016AJ....152...63N |doi = 10.3847/0004-6256/152/3/63 |arxiv = 1606.08923 |doi-access = free }}</ref>

<ref name="Nugent-2015">{{cite journal |display-authors = 6 |first1 = C. R. |last1 = Nugent |first2 = A. |last2 = Mainzer |first3 = J. |last3 = Masiero |first4 = J. |last4 = Bauer |first5 = R. M. |last5 = Cutri |first6 = T. |last6 = Grav |first7 = E. |last7 = Kramer |first8 = S. |last8 = Sonnett |first9 = R. |last9 = Stevenson |first10 = E. L. |last10 = Wright |date = December 2015 |title = NEOWISE Reactivation Mission Year One: Preliminary Asteroid Diameters and Albedos |url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2015ApJ...814..117N |journal = The Astrophysical Journal |volume = 814 |issue = 2 |page = 13 |bibcode = 2015ApJ...814..117N |doi = 10.1088/0004-637X/814/2/117 |arxiv = 1509.02522 |s2cid = 9341381 |access-date= 5 March 2018}}</ref>

<ref name="Masiero-2012">{{cite journal |display-authors = 6 |first1 = Joseph R. |last1 = Masiero |first2 = A. K. |last2 = Mainzer |first3 = T. |last3 = Grav |first4 = J. M. |last4 = Bauer |first5 = R. M. |last5 = Cutri |first6 = C. |last6 = Nugent |first7 = M. S. |last7 = Cabrera |date = November 2012 |title = Preliminary Analysis of WISE/NEOWISE 3-Band Cryogenic and Post-cryogenic Observations of Main Belt Asteroids |url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2012ApJ...759L...8M |journal = The Astrophysical Journal Letters |volume = 759 |issue = 1 |page = 5 |bibcode = 2012ApJ...759L...8M |doi = 10.1088/2041-8205/759/1/L8 |arxiv = 1209.5794 |s2cid = 46350317 |access-date= 5 March 2018}}</ref>

<ref name="Menke-2005a">{{Cite journal |last1 = Menke |first1 = John L. |date = September 2005 |title = Lightcurves and periods for asteroids 471 Papagena, 675 Ludmilla, 1016 Anitra, 1127 Mimi, 1165 Imprinetta, 1171 Rustahawelia, and 2283 Bunke |journal = Minor Planet Bulletin |url = http://www.minorplanet.info/MPB/issues/MPB_32-3.pdf |volume = 32 |issue = 3 |pages = 64–66 |bibcode = 2005MPBu...32...64M |issn = 1052-8091}}</ref>

<ref name="Ivarsen-2004">{{Cite journal |last1 = Ivarsen |first1 = Kevin |last2 = Willis |first2 = Sarah |last3 = Ingleby |first3 = Laura |last4 = Matthews |first4 = Dan |last5 = Simet |first5 = Melanie |date = June 2004 |title = CCD observations and period determination of fifteen minor planets |journal = Minor Planet Bulletin |url = http://www.minorplanet.info/MPB/issues/MPB_31-2.pdf |volume = 31 |issue = 2 |pages = 29–33 |bibcode = 2004MPBu...31...29I |issn = 1052-8091}}</ref>

<ref name="Veres-2015">{{cite journal |display-authors = 6 |first1 = Peter |last1 = Veres |first2 = Robert |last2 = Jedicke |first3 = Alan |last3 = Fitzsimmons |first4 = Larry |last4 = Denneau |first5 = Mikael |last5 = Granvik |first6 = Bryce |last6 = Bolin |first7 = Serge |last7 = Chastel |first8 = Richard J. |last8 = Wainscoat |first9 = William S. |last9 = Burgett |first10 = Kenneth C. |last10 = Chambers |first11 = Heather |last11 = Flewelling |first12 = Nick |last12 = Kaiser |first13 = Eugen A. |last13 = Magnier |first14 = Jeff S. |last14 = Morgan |first15 = Paul A. |last15 = Price |first16 = John L. |last16 = Tonry |first17 = Christopher |last17 = Waters |date = November 2015 |title = Absolute magnitudes and slope parameters for 250,000 asteroids observed by Pan-STARRS PS1 - Preliminary results |url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2015Icar..261...34V |journal = Icarus |volume = 261 |pages = 34–47 |bibcode = 2015Icar..261...34V |doi = 10.1016/j.icarus.2015.08.007 |arxiv = 1506.00762 |s2cid = 53493339 |access-date= 5 March 2018}}</ref>

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== External links == * [http://www.minorplanet.info/PHP/lcdbsummaryquery.php Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB)], query form ([http://www.minorplanet.info/lightcurvedatabase.html info] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171216050541/http://www.minorplanet.info/lightcurvedatabase.html |date=16 December 2017 }}) * [https://books.google.com/books?id=aeAg1X7afOoC&pg Dictionary of Minor Planet Names], Google books * [https://obswww.unige.ch/~behrend/page_cou.html Asteroids and comets rotation curves, CdR] – Observatoire de Genève, Raoul Behrend * [https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/lists/NumberedMPs000001.html Discovery Circumstances: Numbered Minor Planets (1)-(5000)] – Minor Planet Center * {{AstDys|1171}} * {{JPL small body}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Rusthawelia}} 001171 Category:Discoveries by Sylvain Arend Category:Named minor planets 001171 19301003