1157 Arabia

{{Short description|Main-belt asteroid}} {{Use dmy dates|date=October 2019}} {{Infobox planet | minorplanet = yes | name = 1157 Arabia | background = #D6D6D6 | image = | image_size = | caption = | discovery_ref = <ref name="jpldata" /> | discoverer = K. Reinmuth | discovery_site = Heidelberg Obs. | discovered = 31 August 1929 | mpc_name = (1157) Arabia | alt_names = 1929 QC{{·}}1955 EC | pronounced = | named_after = Arabian Peninsula<ref name="springer" /> | mp_category = main-belt{{·}}{{small|(outer)}}<ref name="lcdb" /> background<ref name="AstDys-object" /> | orbit_ref = <ref name="jpldata" /> | epoch = 4 September 2017 (JD 2458000.5) | uncertainty = 0 | observation_arc = 87.58 yr (31,987 days) | aphelion = 3.6412 AU | perihelion = 2.7221 AU | semimajor = 3.1816 AU | eccentricity = 0.1444 | period = 5.68 yr (2,073 days) | mean_anomaly = 195.98° | mean_motion = {{Deg2DMS|0.1737|sup=ms}} / day | inclination = 9.5447° | asc_node = 336.19° | arg_peri = 313.37° | dimensions = {{val|29.01|0.84}} km<ref name="AKARI" /> {{val|29.113|4.433}} km<ref name="Masiero-2012" /> 55.67 km {{small|(calculated)}}<ref name="lcdb" /> | rotation = {{val|15.225|0.005}} h{{efn|name=Caspari-2008}} | albedo = 0.057 {{small|(assumed)}}<ref name="lcdb" /> {{val|0.211|0.013}}<ref name="AKARI" /> {{val|0.247|0.242}}<ref name="Masiero-2012" /> | spectral_type = C {{small|(assumed)}}<ref name="lcdb" /> | abs_magnitude = 9.82<ref name="Masiero-2012" />{{·}}{{val|9.89|0.22}}<ref name="Veres-2015" />{{·}}10.00<ref name="jpldata" /><ref name="lcdb" /><ref name="AKARI" /> }}

'''1157 Arabia''', provisional designation {{mp|1929 QC}}, is an asteroid from the outer regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 29 kilometers in diameter. Astronomer Karl Reinmuth discovered it at the Heidelberg Observatory in southwest Germany on 31 August 1929.<ref name="MPC-object" /> The asteroid was named for the Arabian Peninsula.

== Orbit and classification ==

''Arabia'' is a non-family asteroid from the main belt's background population.<ref name="AstDys-object" /> It orbits the Sun in the outer asteroid belt at a distance of 2.7–3.6 AU once every 5 years and 8 months (2,073 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.14 and an inclination of 10° with respect to the ecliptic.<ref name="jpldata" />

The body's observation arc begins at Heidelberg in December 1930, more than a year after its official discovery observation.<ref name="MPC-object" />

== Physical characteristics ==

''Arabia'' is an assumed carbonaceous C-type asteroid,<ref name="lcdb" /> while the measured albedos are rather typical for a stony composition ''(see below)''.<ref name="AKARI" /><ref name="Masiero-2012" />

=== Rotation period ===

In June 2008, Peter Caspari obtained a rotational lightcurve of ''Arabia'' from photometric observations at the BDI Observatory ({{small|E18}}) near Sydney, Australia. Lightcurve analysis gave a rotation period of 15.225 hours with a brightness amplitude of 0.37 magnitude ({{small|U=3-}}).{{efn|name=Caspari-2008}}

=== Diameter and albedo ===

According to the surveys carried out by the Japanese Akari satellite and the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, ''Arabia'' measures 29.01 and 29.113 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo of 0.211 and 0.247, respectively.<ref name="AKARI" /><ref name="Masiero-2012" /> The ''Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link'' assumes a standard albedo for carbonaceous asteroids of 0.057 and calculates a much larger diameter of 55.67 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 10.0.<ref name="lcdb" />

== Naming ==

This minor planet was named after the Arabian Peninsula, also known as "Arabia", in Western Asia. The official naming citation was mentioned in ''The Names of the Minor Planets'' by Paul Herget in 1955 ({{small|H 108}}).<ref name="springer" />

== Notes == {{notelist|refs=

{{efn|name=Caspari-2008|1=Peter Caspari (2008) [http://members.iinet.net.au/~pcaspa/bdi/Caspari-1157-1836.pdf Minor Planet Lightcurve Analysis of 1157 Arabia and 1836 Komarov]. Summary figures for (1157) Arabia at the [http://www.minorplanet.info/PHP/generateOneAsteroidInfo.php?AstInfo=1157%7CArabia LCDB]}}

}}

== References == {{reflist|30em|refs=

<ref name="jpldata">{{cite web |type = 2017-03-29 last obs. |title = JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 1157 Arabia (1929 QC) |url = https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2001157 |publisher = Jet Propulsion Laboratory |accessdate = 27 September 2017}}</ref>

<ref name="springer">{{cite book |title = Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – (1157) Arabia |last = Schmadel | first = Lutz D. |publisher = Springer Berlin Heidelberg |page = 98 |date = 2007 |isbn = 978-3-540-00238-3 |doi = 10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_1158 |chapter = (1157) Arabia }}</ref>

<ref name="MPC-object">{{cite web |title = 1157 Arabia (1929 QC) |work = Minor Planet Center |url = https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/db_search/show_object?object_id=1157 |accessdate = 27 September 2017}}</ref>

<ref name="AstDys-object">{{cite web |title = Asteroid 1157 Arabia – Proper Elements |publisher = AstDyS-2, Asteroids – Dynamic Site |url = https://newton.spacedys.com/astdys/index.php?pc=1.1.6&n=1157 |access-date= 28 October 2019}}</ref>

<ref name="lcdb">{{cite LCDB|number = 1157 |accessdate = 27 September 2017}}</ref>

<ref name="Masiero-2012">{{cite journal |display-authors = 6 |first1 = Joseph R. |last1 = Masiero |first2 = A. K. |last2 = Mainzer |first3 = T. |last3 = Grav |first4 = J. M. |last4 = Bauer |first5 = R. M. |last5 = Cutri |first6 = C. |last6 = Nugent |first7 = M. S. |last7 = Cabrera |date = November 2012 |title = Preliminary Analysis of WISE/NEOWISE 3-Band Cryogenic and Post-cryogenic Observations of Main Belt Asteroids |url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2012ApJ...759L...8M |journal = The Astrophysical Journal Letters |volume = 759 |issue = 1 |page = 5 |bibcode = 2012ApJ...759L...8M |doi = 10.1088/2041-8205/759/1/L8 |arxiv = 1209.5794 |access-date= 27 September 2017}}</ref>

<ref name="AKARI">{{cite journal |display-authors = 6 |first1 = Fumihiko |last1 = Usui |first2 = Daisuke |last2 = Kuroda |first3 = Thomas G. |last3 = Müller |first4 = Sunao |last4 = Hasegawa |first5 = Masateru |last5 = Ishiguro |first6 = Takafumi |last6 = Ootsubo |first7 = Daisuke |last7 = Ishihara |first8 = Hirokazu |last8 = Kataza |first9 = Satoshi |last9 = Takita |first10 = Shinki |last10 = Oyabu |first11 = Munetaka |last11 = Ueno |first12 = Hideo |last12 = Matsuhara |first13 = Takashi |last13 = Onaka |date = October 2011 |title = Asteroid Catalog Using Akari: AKARI/IRC Mid-Infrared Asteroid Survey |journal = Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan |volume = 63 |issue = 5 |pages = 1117–1138 |bibcode = 2011PASJ...63.1117U |doi = 10.1093/pasj/63.5.1117 |doi-access= }} ([http://vizier.cfa.harvard.edu/viz-bin/VizieR-5?-source=J/PASJ/63/1117/acua_v1&Num=1157 online], [https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/43545172.pdf AcuA catalog p. 153])</ref>

<ref name="Veres-2015">{{cite journal |display-authors = 6 |first1 = Peter |last1 = Veres |first2 = Robert |last2 = Jedicke |first3 = Alan |last3 = Fitzsimmons |first4 = Larry |last4 = Denneau |first5 = Mikael |last5 = Granvik |first6 = Bryce |last6 = Bolin |first7 = Serge |last7 = Chastel |first8 = Richard J. |last8 = Wainscoat |first9 = William S. |last9 = Burgett |first10 = Kenneth C. |last10 = Chambers |first11 = Heather |last11 = Flewelling |first12 = Nick |last12 = Kaiser |first13 = Eugen A. |last13 = Magnier |first14 = Jeff S. |last14 = Morgan |first15 = Paul A. |last15 = Price |first16 = John L. |last16 = Tonry |first17 = Christopher |last17 = Waters |date = November 2015 |title = Absolute magnitudes and slope parameters for 250,000 asteroids observed by Pan-STARRS PS1 - Preliminary results |url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2015Icar..261...34V |journal = Icarus |volume = 261 |pages = 34–47 |bibcode = 2015Icar..261...34V |doi = 10.1016/j.icarus.2015.08.007 |arxiv = 1506.00762 |access-date= 27 September 2017}}</ref>

}}

== External links == * [http://www.minorplanet.info/PHP/lcdbsummaryquery.php Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB)], query form ([http://www.minorplanet.info/lightcurvedatabase.html info] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171216050541/http://www.minorplanet.info/lightcurvedatabase.html |date=16 December 2017 }}) * [https://books.google.com/books?id=aeAg1X7afOoC&pg Dictionary of Minor Planet Names], Google books * [http://obswww.unige.ch/~behrend/page_cou.html Asteroids and comets rotation curves, CdR] – Observatoire de Genève, Raoul Behrend * [https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/lists/NumberedMPs000001.html Discovery Circumstances: Numbered Minor Planets (1)-(5000)] – Minor Planet Center * {{AstDys|1157}} * {{JPL small body}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Arabia}} 001157 Category:Discoveries by Karl Wilhelm Reinmuth Category:Named minor planets 19290831