1977 Maccabiah Games

{{use mdy dates|date=August 2022}} {{Infobox games | name = 10th Maccabiah | logo = 1977 Maccabiah logo.jpg | size = 240 | caption = | host_city = Tel Aviv, Israel | nations = 34 | athletes = 2,700 | events = | opening = July 12, 1977<ref name="auto3">{{cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/1977/07/14/archives/us-swimmers-star-at-maccabiah-games.html | title=U.S. Swimmers Star at Maccabiah Games | newspaper=The New York Times | date=14 July 1977 }}</ref> | closing = | opened_by = | stadium = Ramat Gan Stadium | debuting_countries = {{flag|Bolivia}} <br /> {{flag|Japan}} <br /> {{flag|New Zealand}} <br /> {{flag|Norway}} <br /> {{flag|U.S. Virgin Islands}} | previous = 9th Maccabiah | next = 11th Maccabiah }}

At the '''10th Maccabiah Games''' in Israel, more than 2,800 athletes from 34 countries participated in 26 different sports, including chess and bridge and for the first time badminton.

The opening ceremonies were held on July 12, 1977, in Ramat Gan Stadium before a crowd of 50,000 people.<ref name="auto3"/> The United States won 83 gold medals, 65 silver medals, and 47 bronze medals; Israel was next with 60 gold medals, 70 silver medals, and 60 bronze medals, and South Africa was third with 16 gold medals, seven silver medals, and nine bronze medals.

==History== The Maccabiah Games were first held in 1932 in Palestine, then a British Mandate jurisdiction.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cjnews.com/perspectives/20th-maccabiah-games-pt-1|title=The 20th Maccabiah Games: A brief History (Part 1)|first=Mark|last=Mietkiewicz|date=2017-06-19|work=The Canadian Jewish News}}</ref> In 1961, under an independent Israel, they were declared a "Regional Sports Event" by, and under the auspices and supervision of, the International Olympic Committee.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nTHRB6Fj_4gC&q=maccabiah+games+olympics+regional+sport+event&pg=PA56|title=Gender Politics and the Olympic Industry|first=Helen Jefferson |last=Lenskyj|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|year=2012|isbn=9781137291158}}</ref><ref name=bard>Mitchell G. Bard and Moshe Schwartz (2005). [https://books.google.com/books?id=PeJFAAAAQBAJ&dq=Bard+and+Schwartz+maccabiah&pg=PA85 ''1001 Facts Everyone Should Know about Israel''] p. 84.</ref><ref name=MaccabiAu>{{cite web|title=History of the Maccabiah Games|url=http://www.maccabi.com.au/Maccabiah/Page/1591/Maccabiah-Games-History/History-of-the-Maccabiah-Games.cfm|publisher=Maccabi Australia|access-date=|archive-date=September 13, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180913002319/http://www.maccabi.com.au/Maccabiah/Page/1591/Maccabiah-Games-History/History-of-the-Maccabiah-Games.cfm|url-status=dead}}</ref> Among other Olympic and world champions, swimmer Mark Spitz won 10 Maccabiah gold medals before earning his first of nine Olympic gold medals.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://forward.com/news/510411/at-the-maccabiah-300-jewish-american-athletes-become-bar-and-bat-mitzvah/|title=At Maccabiah Games, 300 Jewish American athletes become bar and bat mitzvah|date=July 14, 2022|work=The Forward|first=Hillel|last=Kuttler}}</ref>

It was the first Maccabiah Games to include a women's judo tournament.<ref name="Roach19770710">{{Cite news |last=Roach |first=Margaret |title=Judo Foulup Nearly Puts U.S. on Shelf for Games; Finally, an O.K. |language=en |work=The New York Times |date=1977-07-10 |url=http://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1977/07/10/97001576.html |access-date=2022-06-12}}</ref>

==Notable medalists== In basketball, the United States, coached by Hall of Famer Dolph Schayes and with his son Danny Schayes, Ernie Grunfeld, Joel Kramer, Howard Lassoff, and Willie Sims on the team, won the gold medal in basketball, beating Israel 92–91 in the final at Yad Eliahu Stadium.<ref name="auto4">{{Cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1977/07/21/archives/us-quintet-captures-gold-at-maccabiahs.html|title=U.S. Quintet Captures Gold At Maccabiahs|date=July 21, 1977|work=The New York Times}}</ref><ref name="JP19770805"/><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.maccabiusa.com/danny-schayes-appointed-as-a-member-of-the-basketball-staff-for-the-2018-international-maccabi-youth-games/|title=Danny Schayes Appointed As A Member of the Basketball Staff For The 2018 International Maccabi Youth Games|first=Dakota|last=Marine|date=January 25, 2018|website=Maccabi USA}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Goldstein|first1=Richard|title=Dolph Schayes, a Bridge to Modern Basketball, Is Dead at 87|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/12/11/sports/basketball/dolph-schayes-a-bridge-to-the-modern-nba-is-dead-at-87.html|access-date=13 December 2015|work=The New York Times|date=10 December 2015}}</ref> Miki Berkovich, Motti Aroesti, Barry Leibowitz, Boaz Janay, and Steve Kaplan were among the Israeli basketball team's squad.<ref name="auto1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.maccabiah.com/en/maccabiah/maccabiah-history/tenth-maccabiah|title=Tenth Maccabiah - Maccabiah 21|website=maccabiah.com}}</ref><ref name="auto4"/>

In track and field, Esther Roth of Israel won the 100 m hurdles in 13.50, and the 200 m race in 24.03.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1977/07/20/archives/us-brothers-finish-13-in-decathlon-in-israel.html|title=U.S. Brothers Finish 1, 3 in Decathlon in Israel|date=July 20, 1977|work=The New York Times}}</ref> Roth set records in the 100-meter hurdles, 200-meters, and 4×100-meters.<ref>{{cite web|title=Roth, Esther|url=http://www.jewsinsports.org/olympics_profile.asp?ID=83|website=Jews In Sports|access-date=13 December 2015}}</ref> Boris (Dov) Djerassi competed for the United States, and won a gold medal in the hammer throw.<ref name="autoyhhu">{{Cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1977/07/19/archives/us-swimmers-again-dominate-tel-aviv-games.html|title=U.S. Swimmers Again Dominate Tel Aviv Games|agency=Associated Press|date=July 19, 1977|work=The New York Times}}</ref>

In gymnastics, American Sharon Shapiro won five gold medals in individual and team gymnastics, when she was 15 years of age.<ref name="JTA19770718">{{Cite web|url=https://www.jta.org/1977/07/18/archive/u-s-israel-neck-in-neck-for-honors-in-10th-maccabiah-games|title=U.S., Israel Neck-in-neck for Honors in 10th Maccabiah Games|date=July 18, 1977|publisher=Jewish Telegraphic Agency}}</ref><ref name="auto2">{{Cite news|url=https://newspapers.library.in.gov/cgi-bin/indiana?a=d&d=JPOST19800516-01.1.4&e=-------en-20--1--txt-txIN-------|title=Who Is Best Jewish Athlete In America? |first=Sheldon |last=Wallman |date= May 16, 1980 |work=Jewish Post |via=Hoosier State Chronicles}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Qy2CDwAAQBAJ&q=%22sharon+shapiro%22+gymnast&pg=PT346|title=The Jewish Olympics: The History of the Maccabiah Games|first=Ron|last=Kaplan|date= 2015|publisher=Simon and Schuster|isbn=9781632208552|via=Google Books}}</ref><ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=https://scjewishsportshof.com/shapiro-sharon.html|title=Sharon Shapiro; Gymnastics - 1990|website= Southern California Jewish Sports Hall of Fame}}</ref> American Olympian Abie Grossfeld was Team USA's coach. for both men and women.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/religion/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/grossfeld-abraham-israel|title=Grossfeld, Abraham Israel|website=Encyclopedia.com}}</ref> Israeli Olympian Dov Lupi competed for Team Israel, and had the best overall standing, with a gold medal in the horse and with several silver medals.<ref name="NYT19770715">{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1977/07/15/archives/us-athletes-excel-at-games-in-israel.html|title=U.S. Athletes Excel At Games in Israel|date=15 July 1977|work=The New York Times}}</ref>{{sfn|Kaplan|2015|p=181}}

In swimming, Mexican future Olympian Helen Plaschinski, 14 years old, won gold medals in the 100 and 200 m freestyle.<ref>{{cite news| url=https://newspapers.library.in.gov/?a=d&d=JPOST19810731-01.1.6&e=-------en-20--1--txt-txIN------- |title=U.S. Sweeps Gold in the 1981 Maccabiah |first=Sheldon |last=Wallman |date= 31 July 1981 |work=Jewish Post |via=Hoosier State Chronicles}}</ref> American Olympic bronze medalist Wendy Weinberg won six gold medals and two silver medals.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/baltsun/access/1863225482.html?FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:AI&type=historic&date=Jul+19%2C+1977&author=&pub=The+Sun+%281837-1985%29&desc=Weinberg+captures+six+gold+medals%2C+two+silvers+in+Maccabiah+Games&pqatl=google |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121106030608/http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/baltsun/access/1863225482.html?FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:AI&type=historic&date=Jul+19,+1977&author=&pub=The+Sun+(1837-1985)&desc=Weinberg+captures+six+gold+medals,+two+silvers+in+Maccabiah+Games&pqatl=google |url-status=dead |archive-date=November 6, 2012 |title=Weinberg captures six gold medals, two silvers in Maccabiah Games |work=The Baltimore Sun|date=July 19, 1977 |access-date=March 19, 2011}}</ref><ref name="google3106">{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=BYI0AAAAIBAJ&pg=3106,2733691&dq=wendy-weinberg+jewish&hl=en |title=Bergman Captures Third Gold Medal |work=The Tuscaloosa News|location=Tuscaloosa, Alabama|page=6|date=July 16, 1977 |access-date=March 19, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://jwa.org/encyclopedia/article/sports-in-united-states |title=Sports in the United States |publisher=Jewish Women's Archive |access-date=March 19, 2011}}</ref> Among her golds were wins in the 200 m freestyle, the 200 m butterfly, the 400 m freestyle, the 800 m freestyle, and a win in the {{nowrap|4 × 100 m}} medley relay team of which she was captain.<ref name="autoyhhu"/><ref name="NYT19770715"/><ref name="google3106"/><ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=Z-ReAAAAIBAJ&pg=5480,2998031&dq=wendy-weinberg+jewish&hl=en |title=U.S. Swimmers Win Five Events|date=1977-07-16|work=St. Joseph News–Press|location=St. Joseph, Missouri|page=3B |access-date=March 19, 2011}}</ref><ref name="Weinberg wins gold">{{cite news|url=https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/baltsun/access/1863195272.html?FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:AI&type=historic&date=Jul+14%2C+1977&author=&pub=The+Sun+%281837-1985%29&desc=Weinberg+wins+gold+medal%2C+silver+in+Maccabiah+Games&pqatl=google |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121106030647/http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/baltsun/access/1863195272.html?FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:AI&type=historic&date=Jul+14,+1977&author=&pub=The+Sun+(1837-1985)&desc=Weinberg+wins+gold+medal,+silver+in+Maccabiah+Games&pqatl=google |url-status=dead |archive-date=November 6, 2012 |title=Weinberg wins gold medal, silver in Maccabiah Games |work=The Baltimore Sun |date=July 14, 1977 |access-date=March 19, 2011}}</ref> Her silver medals were in the 100 m freestyle and the 100 m butterfly.<ref name="Weinberg wins gold" /><ref name="auto3"/><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1977/07/18/archives/americans-excel-in-maccabiah-games.html|title=Americans Excel in Maccabiah Games|date=18 July 1977|work=The New York Times}}</ref>

In fencing, 2-time Olympic bronze medal winner Yves Dreyfus of France won gold medals in individual and team épée.<ref name=autogenerated33>{{Cite web|url=http://www.jewsinsports.org/olympics.asp?ID=240|title=Dreyfus, Yves| publisher=Jews In Sports}}</ref> American fencer Al Axelrod won a gold medal in foil.<ref name="maccabiusa1">{{cite web|url=http://www.maccabiusa.com/history/|title=History: The 1960s|publisher=Maccabi USA|date=|access-date=November 1, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140414084251/http://www.maccabiusa.com/history/|archive-date=April 14, 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> Joel Glucksman won a silver medal in individual saber for the U.S.<ref name="JTA19770718"/><ref name="NYT19770715"/>

In men's tennis, Steve Krulevitz won gold medals in singles and doubles (with Larry Nagler) for the United States, and Nagler also won a silver medal in singles.<ref name="JTA19770722">{{cite web|url=https://www.jta.org/1977/07/22/archive/israel-basketball-team-loses-out-to-underdog-u-s-squad-at-10th-maccabiah|title=Israel Basketball Team Loses out to Underdog U.S. Squad at 10th Maccabiah|date=July 22, 1977|website=Jewish Telegraphic Agency}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JFA8AQAAIAAJ&q=steve+krulevitz|title = Israel Digest|year = 1977|publisher = World Zionist Organization, American Section}}</ref> In women's tennis, South African Ilana Kloss won a silver medal in mixed doubles, American Stacy Margolin won gold, silver, and bronze medals in various tennis competitions, and American Dana Gilbert won a gold medal at 17 years of age.<ref name="JP19770805">{{cite news|url=https://newspapers.library.in.gov/cgi-bin/indiana?a=d&d=JPOST19770805-01.1.6&e=-------en-20--1--txt-txIN-------|title=U.S. Wins Maccabiah Games|first=Sheldon|last=Wallman|date=August 5, 1977|work=Jewish Post|via=Hoosier State Chronicles|access-date=January 26, 2018}}</ref><ref name="JTA19770722"/><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.jta.org/1985/07/26/archive/at-the-maccabiah-games-u-s-wins-the-most-medals-with-246-israel-comes-in-second-with-217|title=At the Maccabiah Games: U.S. Wins the Most Medals with 246; Israel Comes in Second with 217|website=Jewish Telegraphic Agency|date=26 July 1985}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.usatennisflorida.usta.com/Florida/Global/News/Adults%20Seniors/2008_09/6618937_Seeking_Jewish_Tennis_Players_to_Represent_the_United_States_.aspx |title=Seeking Jewish Tennis Players to Represent the United States | Adults-Seniors – News |publisher=USTA Florida |date=22 September 2008 |access-date=11 February 2011}}</ref> Americans Donna Rubin and Jodi Appelbaum-Steinbauer won silver medals in women's doubles, and Appelbaum-Steinbauer won a bronze medal in women's singles.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://issuu.com/cnews/docs/cutler_bay_news_7.23.2013|title=Cutler Bay News 7.23.2013 by Community Newspapers - Issuu|website=issuu.com}}</ref> Robin Tenney competed for the United States in tennis.<ref name="JP19770805"/>

In judo, Canadian Olympian Howard Stupp won gold medals in the lightweight division of both freestyle and Greco-Roman.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://newspapers.lib.sfu.ca/cjn2-28862/page-6|title=The Canadian Jewish news, August 13, 1981, page 6 | SFU Digitized Newspapers}}</ref> Rena Kanokogi of the United States competed in women's judo, which was included in the Maccabiah Games for the first time.<ref name="Roach19770710"/>

In soccer, Gad Machnes, Gili Landau, and Eli Cohen played for Israel, which won a gold medal.<ref name="mac13">[https://www.rsssf.org/tablesm/maccabiah.html Maccabiah Games] RSSSF.com</ref>

Also competing were Canadian sprinter Abigail Hoffman (two-time Pan American Games champion), American tennis player Robin Tenney, American soccer player Seth Roland, and Venezuelan Elizabeth Popper (table tennis Olympian).<ref name="JP19770805"/><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://docplayer.net/179128726-Growing-up-in-south-africa-where-rugby-is-as-revered-as-american-football-is-in-the-usa.html|title=GROWING UP IN SOUTH AFRICA, WHERE RUGBY IS AS REVERED AS AMERICAN FOOTBALL IS IN THE USA|website=docplayer.net}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://northeastconference.org/news/2009/6/24/fdurolandmaccabiahgames.aspx?path=msoc|title=FDU's Seth Roland Named US Maccabiah Soccer Team Head Coach|website=northeastconference.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://fduknights.com/mobile/staff.aspx?staff=60 |title=Mobile - Seth Roland |access-date=September 2, 2022 |archive-date=March 4, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304205058/http://fduknights.com/mobile/staff.aspx?staff=60 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Participating communities== The 1977 Games were considered the largest assembly of Jewish athletes to that point in time. Thirty-four nations sent athletes.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.maccabicanada.com/about-us/history-and-milestones/10th-maccabiah-1977|title=10th Maccabiah 1977|website=Maccabi Canada}}</ref> The Israeli contingent was the largest with 500 members, followed by the United States with 340, Brazil with 166, Australia with 165, France with 149, South Africa with 146, Italy with 118, Argentina with 103, and Mexico with 102 athletes.<ref name="3000from33">{{cite news|title=3,000 From 33 Countries Open Maccabiah Games|date=July 12, 1977|author=|agency=The Associated Press|work=Daily News (New Jersey Edition)|location=New York City|volume=59|number=14|page=60|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108358817/3000-from-33-countries-open-maccabiah-g/|via=Newspapers.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Participation Urged in Maccabiad|author=|agency=Jewish Telegraphic Agency|date=June 23, 1977|work=The Wisconsin Jewish Chronicle|location=Milwaukee, Wisconsin|volume=5|issue=25|page=3|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108359997/participation-urged-in-maccabiad/}}</ref> Great Britain sent its largest group thus far with 124 athletes.<ref name="RecordGames">{{cite news|title=Record Games|date=July 29, 1977|author=|agency=JCNS|work=⁨⁨The Australian Jewish News|location=Melbourne⁩, Victoria, Australia|volume=XLII|issue=42|page=40|url=https://www.nli.org.il/en/newspapers/ajnm/1977/07/29/01/article/256/?e=-------en-20--1--img-txIN%7ctxTI--------------1|via=The National Library of Israel Newspaper Collection}}</ref> Canada had 92 athletes.<ref>{{Cite web |title=10th Maccabiah 1977 |url=https://www.maccabicanada.com/about-us/history-and-milestones/10th-maccabiah-1977 |access-date=2022-08-26 |website=Maccabi Canada |language=en}}</ref> Due to international boycotts, Rhodesia was excluded from the games for the first time in seven Maccabiads and South Africa was barred from competing in several events.<ref name="RecordGames" /> Despite this, four Rhodesian lawn bowlers and tennis players competed as individual athletes.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Little |first=Charles |date=2011 |title=The Sports Boycott Against Rhodesia Reconsidered |url=http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/17430437.2011.546519 |journal=Sport in Society |language=en |volume=14 |issue=2 |pages=193–207 |doi=10.1080/17430437.2011.546519 |s2cid=143654494 |issn=1743-0437|url-access=subscription }}</ref> Bolivia, Iran, New Zealand, and Norway sent single-member teams.<ref name="3000from33"/> The Soviet Union, much of Eastern Europe, and Arab nations boycotted the games.

The United States won 83 gold medals, 65 silver medals, and 47 bronze medals; Israel was next with 60 gold medals, 70 silver medals, and 60 bronze medals, and South Africa was third with 16 gold medals, seven silver medals, and nine bronze medals.<ref name="auto4"/>

{{Medals table | caption = 10th Maccabiah Games medal table | host = ISR | flag_template = | event = | team = | source = {{cite news|title=Maccabiah Games Medal Standings|date=July 21, 1977|work=The Montreal Star|page=40|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108165677/maccabiah-games-medal-standings/|via=Newspapers.com}} | gold_USA = 83 | silver_USA = 65 | bronze_USA = 47 | gold_ISR = 60 | silver_ISR = 70 | bronze_ISR = 60 | host_ISR = yes | gold_RSA = 16 | silver_RSA = 7 | bronze_RSA = 9 | name_RSA = {{flag|South Africa|1928}} (RSA) | gold_NED = 11 | silver_NED = 9 | bronze_NED = 3 | gold_FRA = 10 | silver_FRA = 6 | bronze_FRA = 15 | gold_CAN = 8 | silver_CAN = 8 | bronze_CAN = 14 | gold_AUS = 6 | silver_AUS = 13 | bronze_AUS = 10 | gold_FRG = 6 | silver_FRG = 3 | bronze_FRG = 4 | gold_GBR = 3 | silver_GBR = 7 | bronze_GBR = 6 | gold_SWE = 2 | silver_SWE = 4 | bronze_SWE = 6 | gold_BRA = 2 | silver_BRA = 3 | bronze_BRA = 5 | name_BRA = {{flag|Brazil|1968}} (BRA) | gold_MEX = 1 | silver_MEX = 4 | bronze_MEX = 3 | gold_ITA = 1 | silver_ITA = 3 | bronze_ITA = 3 | gold_ARG = 1 | silver_ARG = 0 | bronze_ARG = 4 | gold_AUT = 1 | silver_AUT = 0 | bronze_AUT = 1 | gold_GRE = 1 | silver_GRE = 0 | bronze_GRE = 0 | gold_DEN = 0 | silver_DEN = 2 | bronze_DEN = 0 | gold_ISV = 0 | silver_ISV = 0 | bronze_ISV = 1 }}

Also participating in the games were:<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|title=Maccabiah Games|editor-last=Bell|editor-first=Daniel|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of International Games|publisher=McFarland & Company Inc.|location=Jefferson, North Carolina|page=209|url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofin0000bell/page/208/mode/2up|via=Internet Archive}}</ref>

{{Div col|colwidth=13em}} * {{flag|Belgium}} * {{flag|Bolivia}} * {{flag|Chile}} * {{flag|Colombia}} * {{flag|Costa Rica}} * {{flag|Ecuador}} * {{flag|Finland}} * {{flag|India}} * {{flag|Iran|1964}} * {{flag|Ireland}} * {{flag|Jamaica}} * {{flag|Japan}} * {{flag|New Zealand}} * {{flag|Norway}} * {{flag|Peru}} * {{flag|Rhodesia}} * {{flag|Spain|1977}} * {{flag|Switzerland}} * {{flag|Uruguay}} * {{flag|Venezuela}} {{div col end}}

==Commemoration== Israel issued three stamps to commemorate the 10th Maccabiah Games. The stamps show in turn a shot putter, a fencer, and two judoka in a judo contest.<ref name="auto5">{{Cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1977/08/07/archives/stamps-new-commemoratives-mark-black-heritage-in-us.html|title=New Commemoratives Mark Black Heritage in U.S.|first=Samuel A.|last=Tower|date=7 August 1977|page=30D|work=The New York Times}}</ref>

==References== {{Reflist}}

==External links== *[http://www.jewishsports.net/the_maccabiah_games.htm Summaries of each of the Games]

Category:1977 Maccabiah Games Maccabiah Games Maccabiah Games Category:Maccabiah Games Category:1970s in Tel Aviv