{{Short description|Main-belt asteroid}} {{Use dmy dates|date=October 2019}} {{Infobox planet | minorplanet = yes | name = 1099 Figneria | background = #D6D6D6 | image = | image_size = | caption = | discovery_ref = <ref name="jpldata" /> | discoverer = G. Neujmin | discovery_site = Simeiz Obs. | discovered = 13 September 1928 | mpc_name = (1099) Figneria | alt_names = 1928 RQ{{·}}1952 BM<br />A917 UF | pronounced = | named_after = Vera Figner<ref name="springer" /><br />{{small|(Russian revolutionary activist)}} | mp_category = main-belt{{·}}{{small|(outer)}}<ref name="lcdb" /> | orbit_ref = <ref name="jpldata" /> | epoch = 4 September 2017 (JD 2458000.5) | uncertainty = 0 | observation_arc = 88.72 yr (32,404 days) | aphelion = 4.0624 AU | perihelion = 2.2973 AU | semimajor = 3.1799 AU | eccentricity = 0.2775 | period = 5.67 yr (2,071 days) | mean_anomaly = 260.48° | mean_motion = {{Deg2DMS|0.1738|sup=ms}} / day | inclination = 11.839° | asc_node = 22.247° | arg_peri = 347.76° | dimensions = {{val|23.309|0.404}} km<ref name="Masiero-2011" /><ref name="WISE" /><br />{{val|25.13|0.41}} km<ref name="AKARI" /><br />{{val|29.39|6.3}} km<ref name="SIMPS" /><br />29.55 km {{small|(derived)}}<ref name="lcdb" /> | rotation = {{val|13.577|0.001}} h<ref name="Oey-2008b" /><br />{{val|13.583|0.0160}} h<ref name="Waszczak-2015" /> | albedo = {{val|0.1415|0.087}}<ref name="SIMPS" /><br />0.1683 {{small|(derived)}}<ref name="lcdb" /><br />{{val|0.197|0.008}}<ref name="AKARI" /><br />{{val|0.2249|0.0254}}<ref name="WISE" /><br />{{val|0.225|0.025}}<ref name="Masiero-2011" /> | spectral_type = LS<ref name="Veres-2015" />{{·}}K<ref name="Belskaya-2017" />{{·}}C<ref name="lcdb" /> | abs_magnitude = {{val|9.917|0.002}} {{small|(R)}}<ref name="Waszczak-2015" />{{·}}10.2<ref name="jpldata" /><ref name="lcdb" />{{·}}10.40<ref name="WISE" /><ref name="AKARI" /><ref name="SIMPS" />{{·}}{{val|10.40|0.26}}<ref name="Veres-2015" /> }}
'''1099 Figneria''', provisional designation {{mp|1928 RQ}}, is an asteroid from the background population of the outer regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 26 kilometers in diameter. Discovered by Grigory Neujmin at Simeiz Observatory in 1928, the asteroid was later named after Russian revolutionary activist Vera Figner.<ref name="MPC-object" />
== Discovery ==
''Figneria'' was discovered by Soviet astronomer Grigory Neujmin at the Simeiz Observatory on the Crimean peninsula on 13 September 1928.<ref name="MPC-object" /> On the same night, it was independently discovered by German astronomer Max Wolf at the Heidelberg Observatory in southwest Germany.<ref name="springer" />{{efn|name=HD-17}} The Minor Planet Center, however, only acknowledges the first discoverer.<ref name="MPC-object" />
In October 1927, the asteroid was first identified as {{mp|A917 UF}} at Simeiz, where the body's observation arc begins 11 months later with its official discovery observation.<ref name="MPC-object" />
== Orbit and classification ==
''Figneria'' is a non-family asteroid of the main belt's background population. It orbits the Sun in the outer main belt at a distance of 2.3–4.1 AU once every 5 years and 8 months (2,071 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.28 and an inclination of 12° with respect to the ecliptic.<ref name="jpldata" />
== Physical characteristics ==
PanSTARRS photometric survey gave ''Figneria'' a spectral type of an L- and S-type asteroid,<ref name="Veres-2015" /> while it has been characterized as a K-type asteroid based on polarimetric observations.<ref name="Belskaya-2017" /> The asteroid is also an assumed carbonaceous C-type asteroid.<ref name="lcdb" />
=== Rotation period ===
In September 2007, a rotational lightcurve of ''Figneria'' was obtained by astronomer Julian Oey at the Kingsgrove ({{small|E19}}) and Leura Observatories ({{small|E17}}) in Australia. Lightcurve analysis gave a rotation period of 13.577 hours with a brightness variation of 0.16 magnitude ({{small|U=3-}}).<ref name="Oey-2008b" /> In January 2014, photometric observations at the Palomar Transient Factory in California gave a period of 13.583 hours and an amplitude of 0.15 magnitude ({{small|U=2}}).<ref name="Waszczak-2015" />
=== Diameter and albedo ===
According to the surveys carried out by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS, the Japanese Akari satellite and the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, ''Figneria'' measures between 23.309 and 29.39 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.1415 and 0.225.<ref name="Masiero-2011" /><ref name="WISE" /><ref name="AKARI" /><ref name="SIMPS" />
The ''Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link'' derives an albedo of 0.1683 and a diameter of 29.55 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 10.2.<ref name="lcdb" />
== Naming ==
This minor planet was named by the discoverer after Vera Figner (1852–1942), a Russian writer and revolutionary political activist. The official naming citation was published in the ''Planetenzirkular des Astronomischen Rechen-Institut'' ({{small|RI 789}}).<ref name="springer" />
== Notes == {{notelist|refs=
{{efn|name=HD-17|1=Observation at Heidelberg on 13 September 1928, as per HD 17 – Mitteilungen der Landessternwarte Heidelberg}}
}} <!-- end of notelist -->
== References == {{reflist|30em|refs=
<ref name="jpldata">{{cite web |type = 2017-06-02 last obs. |title = JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 1099 Figneria (1928 RQ) |url = https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2001099 |publisher = Jet Propulsion Laboratory |access-date = 19 September 2017}}</ref>
<ref name="springer">{{cite book |title = Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – (1099) Figneria |last = Schmadel | first = Lutz D. |publisher = Springer Berlin Heidelberg |page = 93 |date = 2007 |isbn = 978-3-540-00238-3 |doi = 10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_1100 |chapter = (1099) Figneria }}</ref>
<ref name="MPC-object">{{cite web |title = 1099 Figneria (1928 RQ) |work = Minor Planet Center |url = https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/db_search/show_object?object_id=1099 |access-date = 19 September 2017}}</ref>
<ref name="Masiero-2011">{{cite journal |display-authors = 6 |first1 = Joseph R. |last1 = Masiero |first2 = A. K. |last2 = Mainzer |first3 = T. |last3 = Grav |first4 = J. M. |last4 = Bauer |first5 = R. M. |last5 = Cutri |first6 = J. |last6 = Dailey |first7 = P. R. M. |last7 = Eisenhardt |first8 = R. S. |last8 = McMillan |first9 = T. B. |last9 = Spahr |first10 = M. F. |last10 = Skrutskie |first11 = D. |last11 = Tholen |first12 = R. G. |last12 = Walker |first13 = E. L. |last13 = Wright |first14 = E. |last14 = DeBaun |first15 = D. |last15 = Elsbury |first16 = T. IV |last16 = Gautier |first17 = S. |last17 = Gomillion |first18 = A. |last18 = Wilkins |date = November 2011 |title = Main Belt Asteroids with WISE/NEOWISE. I. Preliminary Albedos and Diameters |url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2011ApJ...741...68M |journal = The Astrophysical Journal |volume = 741 |issue = 2 |page = 20 |bibcode = 2011ApJ...741...68M |doi = 10.1088/0004-637X/741/2/68 |arxiv = 1109.4096 |access-date= 19 September 2017}}</ref>
<ref name="lcdb">{{cite LCDB|number = 1099 |access-date = 19 September 2017}}</ref>
<ref name="AKARI">{{cite journal |display-authors = 6 |first1 = Fumihiko |last1 = Usui |first2 = Daisuke |last2 = Kuroda |first3 = Thomas G. |last3 = Müller |first4 = Sunao |last4 = Hasegawa |first5 = Masateru |last5 = Ishiguro |first6 = Takafumi |last6 = Ootsubo |first7 = Daisuke |last7 = Ishihara |first8 = Hirokazu |last8 = Kataza |first9 = Satoshi |last9 = Takita |first10 = Shinki |last10 = Oyabu |first11 = Munetaka |last11 = Ueno |first12 = Hideo |last12 = Matsuhara |first13 = Takashi |last13 = Onaka |date = October 2011 |title = Asteroid Catalog Using Akari: AKARI/IRC Mid-Infrared Asteroid Survey |journal = Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan |volume = 63 |issue = 5 |pages = 1117–1138 |bibcode = 2011PASJ...63.1117U |doi = 10.1093/pasj/63.5.1117 |doi-access= free }} ([http://vizier.cfa.harvard.edu/viz-bin/VizieR-5?-source=J/PASJ/63/1117/acua_v1&Num=1099 online], [https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/43545172.pdf AcuA catalog p. 153])</ref>
<ref name="SIMPS">{{cite journal |first1 = E. F. |last1 = Tedesco |first2 = P. V. |last2 = Noah |first3 = M. |last3 = Noah |first4 = S. D. |last4 = Price |date = October 2004 |title = IRAS Minor Planet Survey V6.0 |url = https://sbnarchive.psi.edu/pds3/iras/IRAS_A_FPA_3_RDR_IMPS_V6_0/data/diamalb.tab |journal = NASA Planetary Data System |volume = 12 |pages = IRAS-A-FPA-3-RDR-IMPS-V6.0 |bibcode = 2004PDSS...12.....T |access-date = 22 October 2019}}</ref>
<ref name="WISE">{{cite journal |display-authors = 6 |first1 = A. |last1 = Mainzer |first2 = T. |last2 = Grav |first3 = J. |last3 = Masiero |first4 = E. |last4 = Hand |first5 = J. |last5 = Bauer |first6 = D. |last6 = Tholen |first7 = R. S. |last7 = McMillan |first8 = T. |last8 = Spahr |first9 = R. M. |last9 = Cutri |first10 = E. |last10 = Wright |first11 = J. |last11 = Watkins |first12 = W. |last12 = Mo |first13 = C. |last13 = Maleszewski |date = November 2011 |title = NEOWISE Studies of Spectrophotometrically Classified Asteroids: Preliminary Results |journal = The Astrophysical Journal |volume = 741 |issue = 2 |page = 25 |bibcode = 2011ApJ...741...90M |doi = 10.1088/0004-637X/741/2/90 |arxiv = 1109.6407}}</ref>
<ref name="Oey-2008b">{{Cite journal |author = Oey, Julian |date = September 2008 |title = Lightcurve Analysis of Asteroids from the Kingsgrove and Leura Observatories in the 2nd Half of 2007 |url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2008MPBu...35..132O |journal = The Minor Planet Bulletin |volume = 35 |issue = 3 |pages = 132–135 |issn = 1052-8091 |bibcode = 2008MPBu...35..132O |access-date= 19 September 2017}}</ref>
<ref name="Waszczak-2015">{{cite journal |display-authors = 6 |first1 = Adam |last1 = Waszczak |first2 = Chan-Kao |last2 = Chang |first3 = Eran O. |last3 = Ofek |first4 = Russ |last4 = Laher |first5 = Frank |last5 = Masci |first6 = David |last6 = Levitan |first7 = Jason |last7 = Surace |first8 = Yu-Chi |last8 = Cheng |first9 = Wing-Huen |last9 = Ip |first10 = Daisuke |last10 = Kinoshita |first11 = George |last11 = Helou |first12 = Thomas A. |last12 = Prince |first13 = Shrinivas |last13 = Kulkarni |date = September 2015 |title = Asteroid Light Curves from the Palomar Transient Factory Survey: Rotation Periods and Phase Functions from Sparse Photometry |url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2015AJ....150...75W |journal = The Astronomical Journal |volume = 150 |issue = 3 |page = 35 |bibcode = 2015AJ....150...75W |doi = 10.1088/0004-6256/150/3/75 |arxiv = 1504.04041 |access-date= 19 September 2017}}</ref>
<ref name="Belskaya-2017">{{Cite journal |display-authors = 6 |first1 = I. N. |last1 = Belskaya |first2 = S. |last2 = Fornasier |first3 = G. P. |last3 = Tozzi |first4 = R. |last4 = Gil-Hutton |first5 = A. |last5 = Cellino |first6 = K. |last6 = Antonyuk |first7 = Yu. N. |last7 = Krugly |first8 = A. N. |last8 = Dovgopol |first9 = S. |last9 = Faggi |date = March 2017 |title = Refining the asteroid taxonomy by polarimetric observations |url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2017Icar..284...30B |journal = Icarus |volume = 284 |pages = 30–42 |bibcode = 2017Icar..284...30B |doi = 10.1016/j.icarus.2016.11.003 |access-date= 19 September 2017|hdl= 11336/63617 |hdl-access= free }}</ref>
<ref name="Veres-2015">{{cite journal |display-authors = 6 |first1 = Peter |last1 = Veres |first2 = Robert |last2 = Jedicke |first3 = Alan |last3 = Fitzsimmons |first4 = Larry |last4 = Denneau |first5 = Mikael |last5 = Granvik |first6 = Bryce |last6 = Bolin |first7 = Serge |last7 = Chastel |first8 = Richard J. |last8 = Wainscoat |first9 = William S. |last9 = Burgett |first10 = Kenneth C. |last10 = Chambers |first11 = Heather |last11 = Flewelling |first12 = Nick |last12 = Kaiser |first13 = Eugen A. |last13 = Magnier |first14 = Jeff S. |last14 = Morgan |first15 = Paul A. |last15 = Price |first16 = John L. |last16 = Tonry |first17 = Christopher |last17 = Waters |date = November 2015 |title = Absolute magnitudes and slope parameters for 250,000 asteroids observed by Pan-STARRS PS1 - Preliminary results |url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2015Icar..261...34V |journal = Icarus |volume = 261 |pages = 34–47 |bibcode = 2015Icar..261...34V |doi = 10.1016/j.icarus.2015.08.007 |arxiv = 1506.00762 |access-date= 19 September 2017}}</ref>
}} <!-- end of reflist -->
== External links == * [http://www.minorplanet.info/PHP/lcdbsummaryquery.php Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB)], query form ([http://www.minorplanet.info/lightcurvedatabase.html info] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171216050541/http://www.minorplanet.info/lightcurvedatabase.html |date=16 December 2017 }}) * [https://books.google.com/books?id=aeAg1X7afOoC&pg Dictionary of Minor Planet Names], Google books * [http://obswww.unige.ch/~behrend/page_cou.html Asteroids and comets rotation curves, CdR] – Observatoire de Genève, Raoul Behrend * [https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/lists/NumberedMPs000001.html Discovery Circumstances: Numbered Minor Planets (1)-(5000)] – Minor Planet Center * {{AstDys|1099}} * {{JPL small body}}
{{Minor planets navigator |1098 Hakone |number=1099 |1100 Arnica}} {{Small Solar System bodies}} {{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Figneria}} 001099 Category:Discoveries by Grigory Neujmin Category:Named minor planets 19280913