{{Short description|Eos asteroid}} {{Use dmy dates|date=October 2019}} {{Infobox planet | minorplanet = yes | name = 1095 Tulipa | background = #D6D6D6 | image = 001095-asteroid shape model (1095) Tulipa.png | image_scale = | caption = Modelled shape of ''Tulipa'' from its lightcurve | discovery_ref = <ref name="MPC-object" /> | discoverer = K. Reinmuth | discovery_site = Heidelberg Obs. | discovered = 14 April 1926 | mpc_name = (1095) Tulipa | alt_names = 1926 GS{{·}}{{mp|1936 FE|1}}<br />1937 LQ{{·}}1939 VG<br />1941 CC{{·}}1942 JG<br />1942 KB{{·}}{{mp|1952 FE|1}}<br />1954 SO{{·}}{{mp|1954 UG|3}}<br />1955 XO{{·}}{{mp|1956 AD|1}}<br />1959 RM{{·}}1965 VB | pronounced = {{IPAc-en|tj|uː|'|l|aɪ|p|ə}} | named_after = ''Tulīpa'' {{small|(flowering plant)}}<ref name="springer" /> | mp_category = main-belt<ref name="MPC-object" /><ref name="jpldata" />{{·}}{{small|(outer)}}<br />Eos<ref name="lcdb" /><ref name="Ferret" /> | orbit_ref = <ref name="jpldata" /> | epoch = 4 September 2017 (JD 2458000.5) | uncertainty = 0 | observation_arc = 90.50 yr (33,056 days) | aphelion = 3.0918 AU | perihelion = 2.9581 AU | semimajor = 3.0250 AU | eccentricity = 0.0221 | period = 5.26 yr (1,922 days) | mean_anomaly = 181.76° | mean_motion = {{Deg2DMS|0.1873|sup=ms}} / day | inclination = 10.030° | asc_node = 178.54° | arg_peri = 342.69° | mean_diameter = {{val|27.875|0.362}} km<ref name="Masiero-2014" /><br />{{val|28.38|0.58}} km<ref name="AKARI" /><br />{{val|28.390|0.124}} km<ref name="WISE" /><br />{{val|31.52|1.7}} km<ref name="SIMPS" /><br />31.53 km {{small|(derived)}}<ref name="lcdb" /> | rotation = {{val|2.77}} h<ref name="Binzel-1987b" /><br />{{val|2.787|0.0004}} h<ref name="Waszczak-2015" /><br />{{val|2.787|0.001}} h<ref name="Klinglesmith-2017a" /><br />{{val|2.787|}} h{{efn|name=lcdb-Husarik-2011}}<br />{{val|2.787153|0.000002}} h<ref name="Durech-2017b" /><br />{{val|2.78721|0.00003}} h<ref name="geneva-obs" /><br />{{val|2.7873|0.0001}} h<ref name="Benishek-2015a" /><br />{{val|2.7879|0.0004}} h<ref name="Benishek-2008a" /> | albedo = {{val|0.1208|0.014}}<ref name="SIMPS" /><br />0.1229 {{small|(derived)}}<ref name="lcdb" /><br />{{val|0.146|0.021}}<ref name="Masiero-2014" /><br />{{val|0.151|0.007}}<ref name="AKARI" /><br />{{val|0.1544|0.0356}}<ref name="WISE" /> | spectral_type = S {{small|(assumed)}}<ref name="lcdb" /><br />B–V {{=}} 0.720<ref name="jpldata" /><br />U–B {{=}} 0.370<ref name="jpldata" /> | abs_magnitude = {{val|10.138|0.002}} {{small|(R)}}<ref name="Waszczak-2015" />{{·}}10.40<ref name="lcdb" /><ref name="WISE" /><ref name="Binzel-1987b" />{{·}}10.42<ref name="jpldata" /><ref name="AKARI" /><ref name="SIMPS" /> }}
'''1095 Tulipa''' (''prov. designation'': {{mp|1926 GS}}) is an Eos asteroid from the outer regions of the asteroid belt. It was discovered by German astronomer Karl Reinmuth at the Heidelberg-Königstuhl State Observatory in southwest Germany on 14 April 1926.<ref name="MPC-object" /> The assumed S-type asteroid has a rotation period of 2.8 hours and measures approximately {{convert|30|km|mi|abbr=off|sp=us}} in diameter. It was named after the flower Tulip (lat. ''Tulipa''). Originally, the name was redundantly assigned to Florian asteroid 1449 Virtanen.<ref name="springer" />
== Orbit and classification ==
''Tulipa'' is a member the Eos family ({{small|606}}),<ref name="Ferret" /> the largest asteroid family of the outer main belt consisting of nearly 10,000 known asteroids.<ref name="Nesvorny-2014" />{{rp|23}} It orbits the Sun at a distance of 3.0–3.1 AU once every 5 years and 3 months (1,922 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.02 and an inclination of 10° with respect to the ecliptic.<ref name="jpldata" />
The asteroid was first observed at Heidelberg on the night of its official discovery. The body's observation arc begins much later with its identification as {{mp|1941 CC}} at Turku Observatory in February 1941, or almost 15 years after its discovery.<ref name="MPC-object" />
== Etymology ==
This minor planet was named after the Tulip (lat. ''Tulipa''), a genus of spring-blooming showy flowers of the Liliaceae (lily family). The name "Tulipa" was originally assigned to minor planet {{mp|1928 DC}}, discovered by Reinmuth on 24 February 1928, which turned out to be identical with 1449 Virtanen, and was consequently reassigned to {{mp|1926 GS}} (now 1095 Tulipa). The official naming citation was mentioned in ''The Names of the Minor Planets'' by Paul Herget in 1955 ({{small|H 103}}).<ref name="springer" />
=== Reinmuth's flower ===
Karl Reinmuth submitted a list of 66 newly named asteroids in the early 1930s. The list covered his discoveries with numbers between {{MoMP|1009|(1009)}} and {{MoMP|1200|(1200)}}. This list also contained a sequence of 28 asteroids, starting with 1054 Forsytia, that were all named after plants, in particular flowering plants ''(also see list of minor planets named after animals and plants)''.<ref name="springer-flowers" />
== Physical characteristics ==
''Tulipa'' is an assumed stony S-type,<ref name="lcdb" /> while the Eoan family's overall spectral type is that of a K-type.<ref name="Nesvorny-2014" />{{rp|23}}
=== Rotation period ===
A large number of rotational lightcurves of ''Tulipa'' have been obtained from photometric observations since 1983 ({{small|U=3/3-/3-/2+/3/3}}).<ref name="Binzel-1987b" /><ref name="Waszczak-2015" /><ref name="Klinglesmith-2017a" /><ref name="Benishek-2015a" /><ref name="Benishek-2008a" />{{efn|name=lcdb-Husarik-2011}} Analysis of the best-rated lightcurve by Pierre Antonini, Raoul Behrend and Gino Farroni in May 2005, gave a rotation period of 2.78721 hours with a consolidated brightness variation of 0.23 magnitude ({{small|U=3}}).<ref name="geneva-obs" />
=== Poles ===
Photometric data gathered with the 60-centimeter BlueEye600 robotic observatory near the Ondřejov Observatory in the Czech Republic, were used to model a lightcurve with a concurring period of 2.787153 hours and two spin axis of (142.0°, 40.0°) and (349.0°, 56.0°) in ecliptic coordinates (λ, β).<ref name="Durech-2017b" />
=== Diameter and albedo ===
According to the surveys carried out by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS, the Japanese Akari satellite and the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, ''Tulipa'' measures between 27.875 and 31.52 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.1208 and 0.1544.<ref name="Masiero-2014" /><ref name="AKARI" /><ref name="WISE" /><ref name="SIMPS" /> The ''Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link'' derives an albedo of 0.1229 and a diameter of 31.53 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 10.40.<ref name="lcdb" />
== Notes == {{notelist|refs=
{{efn|name=lcdb-Husarik-2011|1=Husarik (2011) web: rotation period {{val|2.787}} hours with a brightness amplitude of {{val|0.20}} mag. Quality Code of 3. Summary figures for (1095) Tulipa at the [http://www.minorplanet.info/PHP/generateOneAsteroidInfo.php?AstInfo=1095 LCDB]}}
}} <!-- end of notelist -->
== References == {{reflist|30em|refs=
<ref name="jpldata">{{cite web |type = 2016-10-14 last obs. |title = JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 1095 Tulipa (1926 GS) |url = https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2001095 |publisher = Jet Propulsion Laboratory |access-date = 25 September 2017}}</ref>
<ref name="springer">{{cite book |title = Dictionary of Minor Planet Names |url = https://archive.org/details/dictionaryminorp00schm |url-access = limited |last = Schmadel | first = Lutz D. |publisher = Springer Berlin Heidelberg |chapter = (1095) Tulipa |page = [https://archive.org/details/dictionaryminorp00schm/page/n106 93] |date = 2007 |isbn = 978-3-540-00238-3 |doi = 10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_1096}}</ref>
<ref name="springer-flowers">{{cite book |title = Dictionary of Minor Planet Names |url = https://archive.org/details/dictionaryminorp00schm |url-access = limited |last = Schmadel | first = Lutz D. |publisher = Springer Berlin Heidelberg |chapter = (1054) Forsytia |page = [https://archive.org/details/dictionaryminorp00schm/page/n103 90] |date = 2007 |isbn = 978-3-540-00238-3 |doi = 10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_1055}}</ref>
<ref name="MPC-object">{{cite web |title = 1095 Tulipa (1926 GS) |work = Minor Planet Center |url = https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/db_search/show_object?object_id=1095 |access-date = 25 September 2017}}</ref>
<ref name="geneva-obs">{{cite web |title = Asteroids and comets rotation curves – (1095) Tulipa |last = Behrend |first = Raoul |publisher = Geneva Observatory |url = http://obswww.unige.ch/~behrend/page3cou.html#001095 |access-date = 25 September 2017}}</ref>
<ref name="Masiero-2014">{{cite journal |display-authors = 6 |first1 = Joseph R. |last1 = Masiero |first2 = T. |last2 = Grav |first3 = A. K. |last3 = Mainzer |first4 = C. R. |last4 = Nugent |first5 = J. M. |last5 = Bauer |first6 = R. |last6 = Stevenson |first7 = S. |last7 = Sonnett |date = August 2014 |title = Main-belt Asteroids with WISE/NEOWISE: Near-infrared Albedos |url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2014ApJ...791..121M |journal = The Astrophysical Journal |volume = 791 |issue = 2 |page = 11 |bibcode = 2014ApJ...791..121M |doi = 10.1088/0004-637X/791/2/121 |arxiv = 1406.6645 |access-date= 25 September 2017}}</ref>
<ref name="Ferret">{{cite web |title = Asteroid 1095 Tulipa – Nesvorny HCM Asteroid Families V3.0 |work = Small Bodies Data Ferret |url = https://sbntools.psi.edu/ferret/SimpleSearch/results.action?targetName=1095+Tulipa#Asteroid%201095%20TulipaEAR-A-VARGBDET-5-NESVORNYFAM-V3.0 |access-date = 31 October 2019}}</ref>
<ref name="Nesvorny-2014">{{Cite book |first1 = D. |last1 = Nesvorný |first2 = M. |last2 = Broz |first3 = V. |last3 = Carruba |date = December 2014 |chapter = Identification and Dynamical Properties of Asteroid Families |title = Asteroids IV |pages = 297–321 |bibcode = 2015aste.book..297N |doi = 10.2458/azu_uapress_9780816532131-ch016 |arxiv = 1502.01628 |isbn = 978-0-8165-3213-1}}</ref>
<ref name="lcdb">{{cite LCDB|number = 1095 |access-date = 25 September 2017}}</ref>
<ref name="AKARI">{{cite journal |display-authors = 6 |first1 = Fumihiko |last1 = Usui |first2 = Daisuke |last2 = Kuroda |first3 = Thomas G. |last3 = Müller |first4 = Sunao |last4 = Hasegawa |first5 = Masateru |last5 = Ishiguro |first6 = Takafumi |last6 = Ootsubo |first7 = Daisuke |last7 = Ishihara |first8 = Hirokazu |last8 = Kataza |first9 = Satoshi |last9 = Takita |first10 = Shinki |last10 = Oyabu |first11 = Munetaka |last11 = Ueno |first12 = Hideo |last12 = Matsuhara |first13 = Takashi |last13 = Onaka |date = October 2011 |title = Asteroid Catalog Using Akari: AKARI/IRC Mid-Infrared Asteroid Survey |journal = Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan |volume = 63 |issue = 5 |pages = 1117–1138 |bibcode = 2011PASJ...63.1117U |doi = 10.1093/pasj/63.5.1117 |doi-access= free }} ([http://vizier.cfa.harvard.edu/viz-bin/VizieR-5?-source=J/PASJ/63/1117/acua_v1&Num=1095 online], [https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/43545172.pdf AcuA catalog p. 153])</ref>
<ref name="SIMPS">{{cite journal |first1 = E. F. |last1 = Tedesco |first2 = P. V. |last2 = Noah |first3 = M. |last3 = Noah |first4 = S. D. |last4 = Price |date = October 2004 |title = IRAS Minor Planet Survey V6.0 |url = https://sbnarchive.psi.edu/pds3/iras/IRAS_A_FPA_3_RDR_IMPS_V6_0/data/diamalb.tab |journal = NASA Planetary Data System |volume = 12 |pages = IRAS-A-FPA-3-RDR-IMPS-V6.0 |bibcode = 2004PDSS...12.....T |access-date = 22 October 2019}}</ref>
<ref name="WISE">{{cite journal |display-authors = 6 |first1 = A. |last1 = Mainzer |first2 = T. |last2 = Grav |first3 = J. |last3 = Masiero |first4 = E. |last4 = Hand |first5 = J. |last5 = Bauer |first6 = D. |last6 = Tholen |first7 = R. S. |last7 = McMillan |first8 = T. |last8 = Spahr |first9 = R. M. |last9 = Cutri |first10 = E. |last10 = Wright |first11 = J. |last11 = Watkins |first12 = W. |last12 = Mo |first13 = C. |last13 = Maleszewski |date = November 2011 |title = NEOWISE Studies of Spectrophotometrically Classified Asteroids: Preliminary Results |journal = The Astrophysical Journal |volume = 741 |issue = 2 |page = 25 |bibcode = 2011ApJ...741...90M |doi = 10.1088/0004-637X/741/2/90 |arxiv = 1109.6407}}</ref>
<ref name="Binzel-1987b">{{Cite journal |author = Binzel, R. P. |date = October 1987 |title = A photoelectric survey of 130 asteroids |journal = Icarus |volume = 72 |issue = 1 |pages = 135–208 |bibcode = 1987Icar...72..135B |doi = 10.1016/0019-1035(87)90125-4}}</ref>
<ref name="Benishek-2008a">{{cite journal |last1 = Benishek |first1 = Vladimir |date = March 2008 |title = CCD Photometry of Seven Asteroids at the Belgrade Astronomical Observatory |journal = Minor Planet Bulletin |url = http://www.minorplanet.info/MPB/issues/MPB_35-1.pdf |volume = 35 |issue = 1 |pages = 28–30 |bibcode = 2008MPBu...35...28B |issn = 1052-8091}}</ref>
<ref name="Waszczak-2015">{{cite journal |display-authors = 6 |first1 = Adam |last1 = Waszczak |first2 = Chan-Kao |last2 = Chang |first3 = Eran O. |last3 = Ofek |first4 = Russ |last4 = Laher |first5 = Frank |last5 = Masci |first6 = David |last6 = Levitan |first7 = Jason |last7 = Surace |first8 = Yu-Chi |last8 = Cheng |first9 = Wing-Huen |last9 = Ip |first10 = Daisuke |last10 = Kinoshita |first11 = George |last11 = Helou |first12 = Thomas A. |last12 = Prince |first13 = Shrinivas |last13 = Kulkarni |date = September 2015 |title = Asteroid Light Curves from the Palomar Transient Factory Survey: Rotation Periods and Phase Functions from Sparse Photometry |journal = The Astronomical Journal |volume = 150 |issue = 3 |page = 35 |bibcode = 2015AJ....150...75W |doi = 10.1088/0004-6256/150/3/75 |arxiv = 1504.04041}}</ref>
<ref name="Benishek-2015a">{{cite journal |last1 = Benishek |first1 = Vladimir |date = January 2015 |title = Rotation Period Determinations for 1095 Tulipa, 1626 Sadeya 2132 Zhukov, and 7173 Sepkoski |journal = Minor Planet Bulletin |url = http://www.minorplanet.info/MPB/issues/MPB_42-1.pdf |volume = 42 |issue = 1 |pages = 75–76 |bibcode = 2015MPBu...42...75B |issn = 1052-8091}}</ref>
<ref name="Klinglesmith-2017a">{{cite journal |last1 = Klinglesmith |first1 = Daniel A. III |date = January 2017 |title = Asteroid Photometry Results from Etscorn Observatory |journal = Minor Planet Bulletin |url = http://www.minorplanet.info/MPB/issues/MPB_44-1.pdf |volume = 44 |issue = 1 |pages = 69–72 |bibcode = 2017MPBu...44...69K |issn = 1052-8091}}</ref>
<ref name="Durech-2017b">{{Cite journal |display-authors = 6 |first1 = Josef |last1 = Durech |first2 = Josef |last2 = Hanus |first3 = Miroslav |last3 = Broz |first4 = Martin |last4 = Lehky |first5 = Raoul |last5 = Behrend |first6 = Pierre |last6 = Antonini |first7 = Stephane |last7 = Charbonnel |first8 = Roberto |last8 = Crippa |first9 = Pierre |last9 = Dubreuil |first10 = Gino |last10 = Farroni |first11 = Gilles |last11 = Kober |first12 = Alain |last12 = Lopez |first13 = Federico |last13 = Manzini |first14 = Julian |last14 = Oey |first15 = Raymond |last15 = Poncy |first16 = Claudine |last16 = Rinner |first17 = Rene |last17 = Roy |date = July 2017 |title = Shape models of asteroids based on lightcurve observations with BlueEye600 robotic observatory |journal = Icarus |volume = 304 |pages = 101–109 |arxiv = 1707.03637 |doi = 10.1016/j.icarus.2017.07.005 |bibcode = 2018Icar..304..101D}}</ref>
}} <!-- end of reflist -->
== External links == * [http://www.minorplanet.info/PHP/OneAsteroidInfo.php Lightcurve Database Query] (LCDB), at ''www.minorplanet.info'' * [https://books.google.com/books?id=aeAg1X7afOoC&pg Dictionary of Minor Planet Names], Google books * [http://obswww.unige.ch/~behrend/page_cou.html Asteroids and comets rotation curves, CdR] – ''Geneva Observatory'', Raoul Behrend * [https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/lists/NumberedMPs000001.html Discovery Circumstances: Numbered Minor Planets (1)-(5000)] – Minor Planet Center * {{AstDys|1095}} * {{JPL small body}}
{{Minor planets navigator |1094 Siberia |number=1095 |1096 Reunerta}} {{Small Solar System bodies}} {{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Tulipa}} 001095 Category:Discoveries by Karl Wilhelm Reinmuth Category:Named minor planets 19260414