1092 Lilium

{{Short description|Carbonaceous background asteroid}} {{Use dmy dates|date=October 2019}} {{Infobox planet | minorplanet = yes | name = 1092 Lilium | background = #D6D6D6 | image = | image_size = | caption = | discovery_ref = <ref name="jpldata" /> | discoverer = K. Reinmuth | discovery_site = Heidelberg Obs. | discovered = 12 January 1924 | mpc_name = (1092) Lilium | alt_names = 1924 PN{{·}}1929 BE 1936 QE | pronounced = {{IPAc-en|ˈ|l|ɪ|l|i|ə|m}}<ref>{{OED|lilium}}</ref> | named_after = ''Līlium''<ref name="springer" /> {{small|(flowering plant)}} | mp_category = main-belt{{·}}{{small|(outer)}}<ref name="lcdb" /> background<ref name="AstDys-object" /> | orbit_ref = <ref name="jpldata" /> | epoch = 4 September 2017 (JD 2458000.5) | uncertainty = 0 | observation_arc = 110.67 yr (40,421 days) | aphelion = 3.1444 AU | perihelion = 2.6552 AU | semimajor = 2.8998 AU | eccentricity = 0.0843 | period = 4.94 yr (1,804 days) | mean_anomaly = 200.62° | mean_motion = {{Deg2DMS|0.1996|sup=ms}} / day | inclination = 5.3885° | asc_node = 307.49° | arg_peri = 316.51° | dimensions = {{val|37.78|12.75}} km<ref name="Nugent-2016" /> {{val|40.276|0.243}} km<ref name="Masiero-2014" /> {{val|42.853|0.266}} km<ref name="WISE" /> {{val|43.23|0.33}} km<ref name="Masiero-2012" /> {{val|46.17|1.5}} km<ref name="SIMPS" /> {{val|49.56|13.84}} km<ref name="Nugent-2015" /> {{val|52.79|0.87}} km<ref name="AKARI" /> | rotation = {{val|17.63|}} h<ref name="Binzel-1987b" /> {{val|24.60|0.05}} h<ref name="Warner-2008l" />{{efn|name=lightcurve-plot}} | albedo = {{val|0.030|0.001}}<ref name="AKARI" /> {{val|0.0390|0.003}}<ref name="SIMPS" /> {{val|0.04|0.02}}<ref name="Nugent-2015" /> {{val|0.044|0.005}}<ref name="Masiero-2012" /> {{val|0.0452|0.0071}}<ref name="WISE" /> {{val|0.05|0.03}}<ref name="Nugent-2016" /> | spectral_type = C {{small|(assumed)}}<ref name="lcdb" /> B–V {{=}} 0.840<ref name="jpldata" /> U–B {{=}} 0.330<ref name="jpldata" /> | abs_magnitude = 10.82<ref name="jpldata" /><ref name="lcdb" /><ref name="WISE" /><ref name="Masiero-2012" /><ref name="SIMPS" /><ref name="Nugent-2015" /><ref name="AKARI" /><ref name="Binzel-1987b" /> {{val|10.90|0.28}}<ref name="Veres-2015" />{{·}}10.97<ref name="Nugent-2016" /> }}

'''1092 Lilium''', provisional designation {{mp|1924 PN}}, is a dark, carbonaceous background asteroid from the outer regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 44 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 12 January 1924, by German astronomer Karl Reinmuth at the Heidelberg Observatory in southwest Germany.<ref name="MPC-object" /> The asteroid was named after the flower Lilium (true lily).<ref name="springer" />

== Orbit and classification ==

''Lilium'' is a non-family asteroid from the main belt's background population.<ref name="AstDys-object" /> It orbits the Sun in the outer asteroid belt at a distance of 2.7–3.1 AU once every 4 years and 11 months (1,804 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.08 and an inclination of 5° with respect to the ecliptic.<ref name="jpldata" />

The body's observation arc begins with a precovery image taken at the Lowell Observatory in July 1906, almost 18 years prior to its official discovery observation at Heidelberg.<ref name="MPC-object" />

== Physical characteristics ==

''Lilium'' is an assumed carbonaceous C-type asteroid.<ref name="lcdb" />

=== Rotation period ===

In February 2008, a rotational lightcurve of ''Lilium'' was obtained from photometric observations by American astronomer Brian Warner at his Palmer Divide Observatory ({{small|716}}) in Colorado.{{efn|name=lightcurve-plot}} Lightcurve analysis gave a longer-than average rotation period of 24.60 hours with a brightness amplitude of 0.25 magnitude ({{small|U=3}}),<ref name="Warner-2008l" /> superseding a period of 17.63 hours by Richard Binzel from March 1984 ({{small|U=1}}).<ref name="Binzel-1987b" />

=== Diameter and albedo ===

According to the surveys carried out by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS, the Japanese Akari satellite and the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, ''Lilium'' measures between 37.78 and 52.79 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.030 and 0.05.<ref name="Nugent-2016" /><ref name="Masiero-2014" /><ref name="WISE" /><ref name="Masiero-2012" /><ref name="SIMPS" /><ref name="Nugent-2015" /><ref name="AKARI" />

The ''Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link'' adopts the results obtained by IRAS, that is, an albedo of 0.0390 and a diameter of 46.17 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 10.82.<ref name="lcdb" />

== Naming ==

This minor planet was named by the discoverer after the true lily flowering planet, Lilium. The official naming citation was mentioned in ''The Names of the Minor Planets'' by Paul Herget in 1955 ({{small|H 103}}).<ref name="springer" />

=== Reinmuth's flowers ===

Due to his many discoveries, Karl Reinmuth submitted a large list of 66 newly named asteroids in the early 1930s. The list covered his discoveries, with numbers between {{MoMP|1009|(1009)}} and {{MoMP|1200|(1200)}}. This list also contained a sequence of 28 asteroids, starting with 1054 Forsytia, that were all named after plants, in particular flowering plants ''(also see list of minor planets named after animals and plants)''.<ref name="springer-flowers" />

== Notes == {{notelist|refs=

{{efn|name=lightcurve-plot|1={{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20170321170052/http://www.minorplanetobserver.com/pdolc/A1092_2008.HTM Lightcurve plot of 1092 Lilium]}}, Palmer Divide Observatory, Brian D. Warner (2008) Summary figures at the [http://www.minorplanet.info/PHP/generateOneAsteroidInfo.php?AstInfo=1092%7CLilium LCDB]}}

}}

== References == {{reflist|30em|refs=

<ref name="jpldata">{{cite web |type = 2017-03-29 last obs. |title = JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 1092 Lilium (1924 PN) |url = https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2001092 |publisher = Jet Propulsion Laboratory |accessdate = 25 September 2017}}</ref>

<ref name="springer">{{cite book |title = Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – (1092) Lilium |last = Schmadel | first = Lutz D. |publisher = Springer Berlin Heidelberg |page = 93 |date = 2007 |isbn = 978-3-540-00238-3 |doi = 10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_1093 |chapter = (1092) Lilium }}</ref>

<ref name="springer-flowers">{{cite book |title = Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – (1054) Forsytia |last = Schmadel | first = Lutz D. |publisher = Springer Berlin Heidelberg |page = 90 |date = 2007 |isbn = 978-3-540-00238-3 |doi = 10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_1055 |chapter = (1054) Forsytia }}</ref>

<ref name="MPC-object">{{cite web |title = 1092 Lilium (1924 PN) |work = Minor Planet Center |url = https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/db_search/show_object?object_id=1092 |accessdate = 25 September 2017}}</ref>

<ref name="Masiero-2014">{{cite journal |display-authors = 6 |first1 = Joseph R. |last1 = Masiero |first2 = T. |last2 = Grav |first3 = A. K. |last3 = Mainzer |first4 = C. R. |last4 = Nugent |first5 = J. M. |last5 = Bauer |first6 = R. |last6 = Stevenson |first7 = S. |last7 = Sonnett |date = August 2014 |title = Main-belt Asteroids with WISE/NEOWISE: Near-infrared Albedos |url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2014ApJ...791..121M |journal = The Astrophysical Journal |volume = 791 |issue = 2 |page = 11 |bibcode = 2014ApJ...791..121M |doi = 10.1088/0004-637X/791/2/121 |arxiv = 1406.6645 |s2cid = 119293330 |access-date= 25 September 2017}}</ref>

<ref name="AstDys-object">{{cite web |title = Asteroid 1092 Lilium – Proper Elements |publisher = AstDyS-2, Asteroids – Dynamic Site |url = https://newton.spacedys.com/astdys/index.php?pc=1.1.6&n=1092 |access-date= 28 October 2019}}</ref>

<ref name="lcdb">{{cite LCDB|number = 1092 |accessdate = 25 September 2017}}</ref>

<ref name="Masiero-2012">{{cite journal |display-authors = 6 |first1 = Joseph R. |last1 = Masiero |first2 = A. K. |last2 = Mainzer |first3 = T. |last3 = Grav |first4 = J. M. |last4 = Bauer |first5 = R. M. |last5 = Cutri |first6 = C. |last6 = Nugent |first7 = M. S. |last7 = Cabrera |date = November 2012 |title = Preliminary Analysis of WISE/NEOWISE 3-Band Cryogenic and Post-cryogenic Observations of Main Belt Asteroids |url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2012ApJ...759L...8M |journal = The Astrophysical Journal Letters |volume = 759 |issue = 1 |page = 5 |bibcode = 2012ApJ...759L...8M |doi = 10.1088/2041-8205/759/1/L8 |arxiv = 1209.5794 |s2cid = 46350317 |access-date= 25 September 2017}}</ref>

<ref name="Nugent-2015">{{cite journal |display-authors = 6 |first1 = C. R. |last1 = Nugent |first2 = A. |last2 = Mainzer |first3 = J. |last3 = Masiero |first4 = J. |last4 = Bauer |first5 = R. M. |last5 = Cutri |first6 = T. |last6 = Grav |first7 = E. |last7 = Kramer |first8 = S. |last8 = Sonnett |first9 = R. |last9 = Stevenson |first10 = E. L. |last10 = Wright |date = December 2015 |title = NEOWISE Reactivation Mission Year One: Preliminary Asteroid Diameters and Albedos |url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2015ApJ...814..117N |journal = The Astrophysical Journal |volume = 814 |issue = 2 |page = 13 |bibcode = 2015ApJ...814..117N |doi = 10.1088/0004-637X/814/2/117 |arxiv = 1509.02522 |s2cid = 9341381 |access-date= 25 September 2017}}</ref>

<ref name="Nugent-2016">{{cite journal |display-authors = 6 |first1 = C. R. |last1 = Nugent |first2 = A. |last2 = Mainzer |first3 = J. |last3 = Bauer |first4 = R. M. |last4 = Cutri |first5 = E. A. |last5 = Kramer |first6 = T. |last6 = Grav |first7 = J. |last7 = Masiero |first8 = S. |last8 = Sonnett |first9 = E. L. |last9 = Wright |date = September 2016 |title = NEOWISE Reactivation Mission Year Two: Asteroid Diameters and Albedos |journal = The Astronomical Journal |volume = 152 |issue = 3 |page = 12 |bibcode = 2016AJ....152...63N |doi = 10.3847/0004-6256/152/3/63 |arxiv = 1606.08923 |doi-access = free }}</ref>

<ref name="AKARI">{{cite journal |display-authors = 6 |first1 = Fumihiko |last1 = Usui |first2 = Daisuke |last2 = Kuroda |first3 = Thomas G. |last3 = Müller |first4 = Sunao |last4 = Hasegawa |first5 = Masateru |last5 = Ishiguro |first6 = Takafumi |last6 = Ootsubo |first7 = Daisuke |last7 = Ishihara |first8 = Hirokazu |last8 = Kataza |first9 = Satoshi |last9 = Takita |first10 = Shinki |last10 = Oyabu |first11 = Munetaka |last11 = Ueno |first12 = Hideo |last12 = Matsuhara |first13 = Takashi |last13 = Onaka |date = October 2011 |title = Asteroid Catalog Using Akari: AKARI/IRC Mid-Infrared Asteroid Survey |journal = Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan |volume = 63 |issue = 5 |pages = 1117–1138 |bibcode = 2011PASJ...63.1117U |doi = 10.1093/pasj/63.5.1117 |doi-access= }} ([http://vizier.cfa.harvard.edu/viz-bin/VizieR-5?-source=J/PASJ/63/1117/acua_v1&Num=1092 online], [https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/43545172.pdf AcuA catalog p. 153])</ref>

<ref name="SIMPS">{{cite journal |first1 = E. F. |last1 = Tedesco |first2 = P. V. |last2 = Noah |first3 = M. |last3 = Noah |first4 = S. D. |last4 = Price |date = October 2004 |title = IRAS Minor Planet Survey V6.0 |url = https://sbnarchive.psi.edu/pds3/iras/IRAS_A_FPA_3_RDR_IMPS_V6_0/data/diamalb.tab |journal = NASA Planetary Data System |volume = 12 |pages = IRAS-A-FPA-3-RDR-IMPS-V6.0 |bibcode = 2004PDSS...12.....T |accessdate = 22 October 2019}}</ref>

<ref name="WISE">{{cite journal |display-authors = 6 |first1 = A. |last1 = Mainzer |first2 = T. |last2 = Grav |first3 = J. |last3 = Masiero |first4 = E. |last4 = Hand |first5 = J. |last5 = Bauer |first6 = D. |last6 = Tholen |first7 = R. S. |last7 = McMillan |first8 = T. |last8 = Spahr |first9 = R. M. |last9 = Cutri |first10 = E. |last10 = Wright |first11 = J. |last11 = Watkins |first12 = W. |last12 = Mo |first13 = C. |last13 = Maleszewski |date = November 2011 |title = NEOWISE Studies of Spectrophotometrically Classified Asteroids: Preliminary Results |journal = The Astrophysical Journal |volume = 741 |issue = 2 |page = 25 |bibcode = 2011ApJ...741...90M |doi = 10.1088/0004-637X/741/2/90 |arxiv = 1109.6407}}</ref>

<ref name="Binzel-1987b">{{Cite journal |author = Binzel, R. P. |date = October 1987 |title = A photoelectric survey of 130 asteroids |url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=1987Icar...72..135B |journal = Icarus |volume = 72 |issue = 1 |pages = 135–208 |issn = 0019-1035 |bibcode = 1987Icar...72..135B |doi = 10.1016/0019-1035(87)90125-4 |access-date= 25 September 2017}}</ref>

<ref name="Warner-2008l">{{Cite journal |author = Warner, Brian D. |date = September 2008 |title = Asteroid Lightcurve Analysis at the Palmer Divide Observatory: December 2007 - March 2008 |url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2008MPBu...35...95W |journal = The Minor Planet Bulletin |volume = 35 |issue = 3 |pages = 95–98 |issn = 1052-8091 |bibcode = 2008MPBu...35...95W |access-date= 25 September 2017}}</ref>

<ref name="Veres-2015">{{cite journal |display-authors = 6 |first1 = Peter |last1 = Veres |first2 = Robert |last2 = Jedicke |first3 = Alan |last3 = Fitzsimmons |first4 = Larry |last4 = Denneau |first5 = Mikael |last5 = Granvik |first6 = Bryce |last6 = Bolin |first7 = Serge |last7 = Chastel |first8 = Richard J. |last8 = Wainscoat |first9 = William S. |last9 = Burgett |first10 = Kenneth C. |last10 = Chambers |first11 = Heather |last11 = Flewelling |first12 = Nick |last12 = Kaiser |first13 = Eugen A. |last13 = Magnier |first14 = Jeff S. |last14 = Morgan |first15 = Paul A. |last15 = Price |first16 = John L. |last16 = Tonry |first17 = Christopher |last17 = Waters |date = November 2015 |title = Absolute magnitudes and slope parameters for 250,000 asteroids observed by Pan-STARRS PS1 - Preliminary results |url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2015Icar..261...34V |journal = Icarus |volume = 261 |pages = 34–47 |bibcode = 2015Icar..261...34V |doi = 10.1016/j.icarus.2015.08.007 |arxiv = 1506.00762 |s2cid = 53493339 |access-date= 25 September 2017}}</ref>

}}

== External links == * [http://www.minorplanet.info/PHP/lcdbsummaryquery.php Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB)], query form ([http://www.minorplanet.info/lightcurvedatabase.html info] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171216050541/http://www.minorplanet.info/lightcurvedatabase.html |date=16 December 2017 }}) * [https://books.google.com/books?id=aeAg1X7afOoC&pg Dictionary of Minor Planet Names], Google books * [http://obswww.unige.ch/~behrend/page_cou.html Asteroids and comets rotation curves, CdR] – Observatoire de Genève, Raoul Behrend * [https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/lists/NumberedMPs000001.html Discovery Circumstances: Numbered Minor Planets (1)-(5000)] – Minor Planet Center * {{AstDys|1092}} * {{JPL small body}}

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{{DEFAULTSORT:Lilium}} 001092 Category:Discoveries by Karl Wilhelm Reinmuth Category:Named minor planets 19240112