{{Short description|Nysian asteroid}} {{Use dmy dates|date=October 2019}} {{Infobox planet | minorplanet = yes | name = 1076 Viola | background = #D6D6D6 | image = | image_size = | caption = | discovery_ref = <ref name="jpldata" /> | discoverer = K. Reinmuth | discovery_site = Heidelberg Obs. | discovered = 5 October 1926 | mpc_name = (1076) Viola | alt_names = 1926 TE | pronounced = {{IPAc-en|ˈ|v|aɪ|.|ə|l|ə}}<ref>{{OED|viola}}</ref> | named_after = ''Viola'' {{small|(flowering plant)}}<ref name="springer" /> | mp_category = main-belt{{·}}{{small|(inner)}}<br />Nysa<ref name="lcdb" />{{·}}background<ref name="Ferret" /> | orbit_ref = <ref name="jpldata" /> | epoch = 4 September 2017 (JD 2458000.5) | uncertainty = 0 | observation_arc = 90.48 yr (33,048 days) | aphelion = 2.8323 AU | perihelion = 2.1164 AU | semimajor = 2.4744 AU | eccentricity = 0.1447 | period = 3.89 yr (1,422 days) | mean_anomaly = 70.608° | mean_motion = {{Deg2DMS|0.2532|sup=ms}} / day | inclination = 3.3195° | asc_node = 143.71° | arg_peri = 304.08° | dimensions = {{val|21.412|7.130}} km<ref name="Masiero-2017" /><br />{{val|21.43|6.81}} km<ref name="Nugent-2015" /><br />{{val|22.0|2.2}} km<ref name="Ali-Lagoa-2016" /><br />{{val|22.273|0.069}} km<ref name="WISE" /><br />{{val|22.298|0.117}} km<ref name="Masiero-2014" /><br />{{val|22.63|2.7}} km<ref name="SIMPS" /><br />{{val|23.57|7.70}} km<ref name="Nugent-2016" /><br />{{val|24|2}} km<ref name="Ali-Lagoa-2013" /><br />{{val|26.39|0.61}} km<ref name="AKARI" /> | rotation = {{val|7.336}} h<ref name="Binzel-1983b" /> | albedo = {{val|0.032|0.002}}<ref name="AKARI" /><br />{{val|0.0375|0.0535}}<ref name="Masiero-2017" /><br />{{val|0.04|0.01}}<ref name="Ali-Lagoa-2016" /><ref name="Ali-Lagoa-2013" /><br />{{val|0.04|0.02}}<ref name="Nugent-2016" /><br />{{val|0.04|0.05}}<ref name="Nugent-2015" /><br />{{val|0.041|0.004}}<ref name="Masiero-2014" /><br />{{val|0.0415|0.012}}<ref name="SIMPS" /><br />{{val|0.0428|0.0046}}<ref name="WISE" /> | spectral_type = Tholen {{=}} F<ref name="jpldata" /><br />SMASS {{=}} C<ref name="jpldata" /><ref name="lcdb" /><br />B–V {{=}} 0.629<ref name="jpldata" /><br />U–B {{=}} 0.250<ref name="jpldata" /> | abs_magnitude = 12.21<ref name="Nugent-2016" />{{·}}12.30<ref name="jpldata" /><ref name="lcdb" /><ref name="Masiero-2017" /><ref name="Nugent-2015" /><ref name="Ali-Lagoa-2016" /><ref name="WISE" /><ref name="SIMPS" /><ref name="Ali-Lagoa-2013" /><ref name="AKARI" /> }}
'''1076 Viola''' {{IPAc-en|ˈ|v|aɪ|.|ə|l|ə}},<ref>{{IPAc-en|v|aɪ|ˈ|oʊ|l|ə}} is the pronunciation of the musical instrument, rather than the flower that this asteroid is named after.</ref> provisional designation {{mp|1926 TE}}, is a Nysian asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 22 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 5 October 1926, by German astronomer Karl Reinmuth at the Heidelberg Observatory in southwest Germany.<ref name="MPC-object" /> The asteroid was named after the flowering plant ''Viola''.<ref name="springer" />
== Orbit and classification ==
''Viola'' is a non-family asteroid of the main belt's background population when applying the Hierarchical Clustering Method to its proper orbital elements.<ref name="Ferret" /> The asteroid has also been classified as a member of the Nysa family ({{small|405}}),<ref name="lcdb" /> the largest asteroid family of the main belt, consisting of stony and carbonaceous subfamilies. The family, named after 44 Nysa, is located near the Kirkwood gap (3:1 orbital resonance with Jupiter), a depleted zone that separates the central main belt.
''Viola'' orbits the Sun in the inner asteroid belt at a distance of 2.1–2.8 AU once every 3 years and 11 months (1,422 days; semi-major axis of 2.47 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.14 and an inclination of 3° with respect to the ecliptic.<ref name="jpldata" /> The body's observation arc begins at Heidelberg in January 1951, or more than 24 years after its official discovery observation.<ref name="MPC-object" />
== Physical characteristics ==
In the Tholen classification, ''Viola'' is a rare F-type asteroid, while in the SMASS taxonomy, it is classified as a common, carbonaceous C-type.<ref name="jpldata" /><ref name="lcdb" />
=== Rotation period ===
In the 1980s, a rotational lightcurve of ''Viola'' was obtained from photometric observations by American astronomer Richard Binzel. Lightcurve analysis gave a well-defined rotation period of 7.336 hours with a brightness amplitude of 0.12 magnitude ({{small|U=3}}).<ref name="Binzel-1983b" /> A tentative period of 14.4 hours was measured by French amateur astronomer René Roy in January 2009, but later retracted from the LCDB ({{small|U=n.a.}}).<ref name="lcdb" /><ref name="geneva-obs" />
=== Diameter and albedo ===
According to the surveys carried out by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS, the Japanese Akari satellite and the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, ''Viola'' measures between 21.412 and 26.39 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.032 and 0.0428.<ref name="Masiero-2017" /><ref name="Nugent-2015" /><ref name="Ali-Lagoa-2016" /><ref name="WISE" /><ref name="Masiero-2014" /><ref name="SIMPS" /><ref name="Nugent-2016" /><ref name="Ali-Lagoa-2013" /><ref name="AKARI" />
The ''Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link'' adopts the results obtained by IRAS, that is, an albedo of 0.0415 and a diameter of 22.63 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 12.30.<ref name="lcdb" /><ref name="SIMPS" />
== Naming ==
This minor planet was named after ''Viola'', a genus of flowering plants within the violet family. The official naming citation was mentioned in ''The Names of the Minor Planets'' by Paul Herget in 1955 ({{small|H 102}}).<ref name="springer" />
=== Reinmuth's flowers ===
Due to his many discoveries, Karl Reinmuth submitted a large list of 66 newly named asteroids in the early 1930s. The list covered his discoveries with numbers between {{MoMP|1009|(1009)}} and {{MoMP|1200|(1200)}}. This list also contained a sequence of 28 asteroids, starting with 1054 Forsytia, that were all named after plants, in particular flowering plants ''(also see list of minor planets named after animals and plants)''.<ref name="springer-flowers" />
== References == {{reflist|30em|refs=
<ref name="jpldata">{{cite web |type = 2017-03-29 last obs. |title = JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 1076 Viola (1926 TE) |url = https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2001076 |publisher = Jet Propulsion Laboratory |accessdate = 6 December 2017}}</ref>
<ref name="springer">{{cite book |title = Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – (1076) Viola |last = Schmadel | first = Lutz D. |publisher = Springer Berlin Heidelberg |page = 92 |date = 2007 |isbn = 978-3-540-00238-3 |doi = 10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_1077 |chapter = (1076) Viola }}</ref>
<ref name="springer-flowers">{{cite book |title = Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – (1054) Forsytia |last = Schmadel | first = Lutz D. |publisher = Springer Berlin Heidelberg |page = 90 |date = 2007 |isbn = 978-3-540-00238-3 |doi = 10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_1055 |chapter = (1054) Forsytia }}</ref>
<ref name="MPC-object">{{cite web |title = 1076 Viola (1926 TE) |work = Minor Planet Center |url = https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/db_search/show_object?object_id=1076 |accessdate = 6 December 2017}}</ref>
<ref name="geneva-obs">{{cite web |title = Asteroids and comets rotation curves – (1076) Viola |last = Behrend |first = Raoul |publisher = Geneva Observatory |url = https://obswww.unige.ch/~behrend/page3cou.html#001076 |accessdate = 6 December 2017}}</ref>
<ref name="Masiero-2014">{{cite journal |display-authors = 6 |first1 = Joseph R. |last1 = Masiero |first2 = T. |last2 = Grav |first3 = A. K. |last3 = Mainzer |first4 = C. R. |last4 = Nugent |first5 = J. M. |last5 = Bauer |first6 = R. |last6 = Stevenson |first7 = S. |last7 = Sonnett |date = August 2014 |title = Main-belt Asteroids with WISE/NEOWISE: Near-infrared Albedos |journal = The Astrophysical Journal |volume = 791 |issue = 2 |page = 11 |bibcode = 2014ApJ...791..121M |doi = 10.1088/0004-637X/791/2/121 |arxiv = 1406.6645|s2cid = 119293330 }}</ref>
<ref name="Ferret">{{cite web |title = Asteroid 1076 Viola – Nesvorny HCM Asteroid Families V3.0 |work = Small Bodies Data Ferret |url = https://sbntools.psi.edu/ferret/SimpleSearch/results.action?targetName=1076+Viola#Asteroid%201076%20ViolaEAR-A-VARGBDET-5-NESVORNYFAM-V3.0 |accessdate = 26 October 2019}}</ref>
<ref name="lcdb">{{cite LCDB|number = 1076 |accessdate = 6 December 2017}}</ref>
<ref name="WISE">{{cite journal |display-authors = 6 |first1 = A. |last1 = Mainzer |first2 = T. |last2 = Grav |first3 = J. |last3 = Masiero |first4 = E. |last4 = Hand |first5 = J. |last5 = Bauer |first6 = D. |last6 = Tholen |first7 = R. S. |last7 = McMillan |first8 = T. |last8 = Spahr |first9 = R. M. |last9 = Cutri |first10 = E. |last10 = Wright |first11 = J. |last11 = Watkins |first12 = W. |last12 = Mo |first13 = C. |last13 = Maleszewski |date = November 2011 |title = NEOWISE Studies of Spectrophotometrically Classified Asteroids: Preliminary Results |journal = The Astrophysical Journal |volume = 741 |issue = 2 |page = 25 |bibcode = 2011ApJ...741...90M |doi = 10.1088/0004-637X/741/2/90 |arxiv = 1109.6407|s2cid = 35447010 }}</ref>
<ref name="AKARI">{{cite journal |display-authors = 6 |first1 = Fumihiko |last1 = Usui |first2 = Daisuke |last2 = Kuroda |first3 = Thomas G. |last3 = Müller |first4 = Sunao |last4 = Hasegawa |first5 = Masateru |last5 = Ishiguro |first6 = Takafumi |last6 = Ootsubo |first7 = Daisuke |last7 = Ishihara |first8 = Hirokazu |last8 = Kataza |first9 = Satoshi |last9 = Takita |first10 = Shinki |last10 = Oyabu |first11 = Munetaka |last11 = Ueno |first12 = Hideo |last12 = Matsuhara |first13 = Takashi |last13 = Onaka |date = October 2011 |title = Asteroid Catalog Using Akari: AKARI/IRC Mid-Infrared Asteroid Survey |journal = Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan |volume = 63 |issue = 5 |pages = 1117–1138 |bibcode = 2011PASJ...63.1117U |doi = 10.1093/pasj/63.5.1117 |doi-access= }} ([http://vizier.cfa.harvard.edu/viz-bin/VizieR-5?-source=J/PASJ/63/1117/acua_v1&Num=1076 online], [https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/43545172.pdf AcuA catalog p. 153])</ref>
<ref name="Ali-Lagoa-2013">{{Cite journal |display-authors = 6 |first1 = V. |last1 = Alí-Lagoa |first2 = J. |last2 = de León |first3 = J. |last3 = Licandro |first4 = M. |last4 = Delbó |first5 = H. |last5 = Campins |first6 = N. |last6 = Pinilla-Alonso |first7 = M. S. |last7 = Kelley |date = June 2013 |title = Physical properties of B-type asteroids from WISE data |url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2013A&A...554A..71A |journal = Astronomy and Astrophysics |volume = 554 |page = 16 |bibcode = 2013A&A...554A..71A |doi = 10.1051/0004-6361/201220680 |arxiv = 1303.5487 |s2cid = 119214002 |access-date= 6 December 2017}}</ref>
<ref name="Masiero-2017">{{Cite journal |display-authors = 6 |first1 = Joseph R. |last1 = Masiero |first2 = C. |last2 = Nugent |first3 = A. K. |last3 = Mainzer |first4 = E. L. |last4 = Wright |first5 = J. M. |last5 = Bauer |first6 = R. M. |last6 = Cutri |first7 = T. |last7 = Grav |first8 = E. |last8 = Kramer |first9 = S. |last9 = Sonnett |date = October 2017 |title = NEOWISE Reactivation Mission Year Three: Asteroid Diameters and Albedos |journal = The Astronomical Journal |volume = 154 |issue = 4 |page = 10 |bibcode = 2017AJ....154..168M |doi = 10.3847/1538-3881/aa89ec |arxiv = 1708.09504 |doi-access = free }}</ref>
<ref name="Ali-Lagoa-2016">{{Cite journal |display-authors = 6 |first1 = V. |last1 = Alí-Lagoa |first2 = J. |last2 = Licandro |first3 = R. |last3 = Gil-Hutton |last4 = Cañ |first5 = M. |last5 = ada-Assandri |first6 = M. |last6 = Delbo' |first7 = J. |last7 = de León |first8 = H. |last8 = Campins |first9 = N. |last9 = Pinilla-Alonso |first10 = M. S. P. |last10 = Kelley |first11 = J. |last11 = Hanus |date = June 2016 |title = Differences between the Pallas collisional family and similarly sized B-type asteroids |journal = Astronomy and Astrophysics |volume = 591 |page = 11 |bibcode = 2016A&A...591A..14A |doi = 10.1051/0004-6361/201527660 |doi-access= free |hdl= 11336/63614 |hdl-access= free }}</ref>
<ref name="Nugent-2016">{{cite journal |display-authors = 6 |first1 = C. R. |last1 = Nugent |first2 = A. |last2 = Mainzer |first3 = J. |last3 = Bauer |first4 = R. M. |last4 = Cutri |first5 = E. A. |last5 = Kramer |first6 = T. |last6 = Grav |first7 = J. |last7 = Masiero |first8 = S. |last8 = Sonnett |first9 = E. L. |last9 = Wright |date = September 2016 |title = NEOWISE Reactivation Mission Year Two: Asteroid Diameters and Albedos |journal = The Astronomical Journal |volume = 152 |issue = 3 |page = 12 |bibcode = 2016AJ....152...63N |doi = 10.3847/0004-6256/152/3/63 |arxiv = 1606.08923 |doi-access = free }}</ref>
<ref name="SIMPS">{{cite journal |first1 = E. F. |last1 = Tedesco |first2 = P. V. |last2 = Noah |first3 = M. |last3 = Noah |first4 = S. D. |last4 = Price |date = October 2004 |title = IRAS Minor Planet Survey V6.0 |url = https://sbnarchive.psi.edu/pds3/iras/IRAS_A_FPA_3_RDR_IMPS_V6_0/data/diamalb.tab |journal = NASA Planetary Data System |volume = 12 |pages = IRAS-A-FPA-3-RDR-IMPS-V6.0 |bibcode = 2004PDSS...12.....T |accessdate = 22 October 2019}}</ref>
<ref name="Nugent-2015">{{cite journal |display-authors = 6 |first1 = C. R. |last1 = Nugent |first2 = A. |last2 = Mainzer |first3 = J. |last3 = Masiero |first4 = J. |last4 = Bauer |first5 = R. M. |last5 = Cutri |first6 = T. |last6 = Grav |first7 = E. |last7 = Kramer |first8 = S. |last8 = Sonnett |first9 = R. |last9 = Stevenson |first10 = E. L. |last10 = Wright |date = December 2015 |title = NEOWISE Reactivation Mission Year One: Preliminary Asteroid Diameters and Albedos |url = https://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2015ApJ...814..117N |journal = The Astrophysical Journal |volume = 814 |issue = 2 |page = 13 |bibcode = 2015ApJ...814..117N |doi = 10.1088/0004-637X/814/2/117 |arxiv = 1509.02522 |s2cid = 9341381 |access-date= 6 December 2017}}</ref>
<ref name="Binzel-1983b">{{Cite journal |first1 = R. P. |last1 = Binzel |first2 = J. D. |last2 = Mulholland |date = December 1983 |title = A photoelectric lightcurve survey of small main belt asteroids |url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=1983Icar...56..519B |journal = Icarus |volume = 56 |issue = 3 |pages = 519–533 |issn = 0019-1035 |bibcode = 1983Icar...56..519B |doi = 10.1016/0019-1035(83)90170-7 |access-date= 6 December 2017}}</ref>
}} <!-- end of reflist -->
== External links == * [http://www.minorplanet.info/PHP/lcdbsummaryquery.php Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB)], query form ([http://www.minorplanet.info/lightcurvedatabase.html info] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171216050541/http://www.minorplanet.info/lightcurvedatabase.html |date=16 December 2017 }}) * [https://books.google.com/books?id=aeAg1X7afOoC&pg Dictionary of Minor Planet Names], Google books * [https://obswww.unige.ch/~behrend/page_cou.html Asteroids and comets rotation curves, CdR] – Observatoire de Genève, Raoul Behrend * [https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/lists/NumberedMPs000001.html Discovery Circumstances: Numbered Minor Planets (1)-(5000)] – Minor Planet Center * {{AstDys|1076}} * {{JPL small body}}
{{Minor planets navigator |1075 Helina |number=1076 |1077 Campanula}} {{Small Solar System bodies}} {{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Viola}} 001076 Category:Discoveries by Karl Wilhelm Reinmuth Category:Named minor planets 001076 001076 19261005