{{Short description|Main-belt asteroid}} {{Use dmy dates|date=October 2019}} {{Infobox planet | minorplanet = yes | name = 1060 Magnolia | background = #D6D6D6 | image = | image_size = | caption = | discovery_ref = <ref name="jpldata" /> | discoverer = K. Reinmuth | discovery_site = Heidelberg Obs. | discovered = 13 August 1925 | mpc_name = (1060) Magnolia | alt_names = 1925 PA{{·}}1945 OA | pronounced = {{IPAc-en|m|æ|g|ˈ|n|oʊ|l|i|ə}}<ref>{{OED|magnolia}}</ref> | named_after = ''Magnolia'' {{small|(flowering plant)}}<ref name="springer" /> | mp_category = main-belt{{·}}{{small|(inner)}}<br />Flora<ref name="lcdb" /><ref name="Ferret" /> | orbit_ref = <ref name="jpldata" /> | epoch = 4 September 2017 (JD 2458000.5) | uncertainty = 0 | observation_arc = 92.29 yr (33,709 days) | aphelion = 2.6902 AU | perihelion = 1.7844 AU | semimajor = 2.2373 AU | eccentricity = 0.2024 | period = 3.35 yr (1,222 days) | mean_anomaly = 192.34° | mean_motion = {{Deg2DMS|0.2945|sup=ms}} / day | inclination = 5.9191° | asc_node = 221.13° | arg_peri = 84.766° | dimensions = {{val|5.23|0.58}} km<ref name="Nugent-2016" /><br />{{val|6.844|0.056}} km<ref name="Masiero-2011" /><br />{{val|7.110|0.117}} km<ref name="WISE" /><br />{{val|7.16}} km<ref name="Pravec-2012b" /><br />{{val|9.65|0.60}} km<ref name="Masiero-2012" /> | rotation = {{val|2.78|0.05}} h<ref name="Wisniewski-1997" /><br />{{val|2.910|0.001}} h<ref name="Strabla-2013a" /><br />{{val|2.9107|0.0001}} h<ref name="geneva-obs" /><br />{{val|2.9108|0.0005}} h<ref name="Kryszczynska-2012b" /><br />{{val|2.911|0.0008}} h<ref name="Waszczak-2015" /><br />{{val|3.08|0.01}} h<ref name="Bonzo-2010" /> | albedo = {{val|0.173|0.034}}<ref name="Masiero-2012" /><br />{{val|0.2839|}}<ref name="Pravec-2012b" /><br />{{val|0.2922|0.0328}}<ref name="WISE" /><br />{{val|0.47|0.13}}<ref name="Nugent-2016" /> | spectral_type = S<ref name="lcdb" /><ref name="Veres-2015" /> | abs_magnitude = {{val|12.07|0.89}}<ref name="Veres-2015" />{{·}}{{val|12.264|0.002}} {{small|(R)}}<ref name="Waszczak-2015" />{{·}}12.60<ref name="Masiero-2012" />{{·}}12.7<ref name="jpldata" /><ref name="WISE" />{{·}}12.71<ref name="lcdb" />{{·}}{{val|12.71|0.06}}<ref name="Pravec-2012b" /><ref name="Wisniewski-1997" />{{·}}12.97<ref name="Nugent-2016" /> }}
'''1060 Magnolia''', provisional designation {{mp|1925 PA}}, is a stony Florian asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 7 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 13 August 1925, by German astronomer Karl Reinmuth at the Heidelberg-Königstuhl State Observatory.<ref name="MPC-object" /> The asteroid was named after the flowering plant ''magnolia''.<ref name="springer" />
== Orbit and classification ==
''Magnolia'' is a member of the Flora family ({{small|402}}),<ref name="lcdb" /><ref name="Ferret" /> a giant asteroid family and the largest family of stony asteroids in the main-belt.<ref name="Nesvorny-2014" />{{rp|23}} It orbits the Sun in the inner asteroid belt at a distance of 1.8–2.7 AU once every 3 years and 4 months (1,222 days; semi-major axis of 2.24 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.20 and an inclination of 6° with respect to the ecliptic.<ref name="jpldata" />
The body's observation arc begins at Heidelberg in September 1925, or one month after its official discovery observation.<ref name="MPC-object" />
== Physical characteristics ==
Pan-STARRS{{'}} photometric survey characterizes ''Magnolia'' as a common, stony S-type asteroid,<ref name="Veres-2015" /> which is also the overall spectral type for members of the Flora family.<ref name="Nesvorny-2014" />{{rp|23}}
=== Rotation period ===
Several rotational lightcurves of ''Magnolia'' have been obtained from photometric observations since 1992.<ref name="Wisniewski-1997" /><ref name="Strabla-2013a" /><ref name="geneva-obs" /><ref name="Kryszczynska-2012b" /><ref name="Waszczak-2015" /><ref name="Bonzo-2010" /> The best-rated lightcurve by French amateur astronomers Jacques Michelet and Maurice Audejean gave a relatively short rotation period of 2.9107 hours with a brightness amplitude of 0.14 magnitude ({{small|U=3}}).<ref name="lcdb" /><ref name="geneva-obs" />
=== Diameter and albedo ===
According to the survey carried out by the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE), ''Magnolia'' measures between 5.23 and 9.65 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.173 and 0.47.<ref name="Nugent-2016" /><ref name="Masiero-2011" /><ref name="WISE" /><ref name="Pravec-2012b" /><ref name="Masiero-2012" />
The ''Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link'' adopts Petr Pravec's revised WISE results, that is, an albedo of 0.2839 and a diameter of 7.16 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 12.71.<ref name="lcdb" /><ref name="Pravec-2012b" />
== Naming ==
This minor planet was named after a genus of flowering plants, ''magnolia'', which was in turn named after Pierre Magnol. The official naming citation was mentioned in ''The Names of the Minor Planets'' by Paul Herget in 1955 ({{small|H 101}}).<ref name="springer" />
=== Reinmuth's flowers ===
Due to his many discoveries, Karl Reinmuth submitted a large list of 66 newly named asteroids in the early 1930s. The list covered his discoveries with numbers between {{MoMP|1009|(1009)}} and {{MoMP|1200|(1200)}}. This list also contained a sequence of 28 asteroids, starting with 1054 Forsytia, that were all named after plants, in particular flowering plants ''(also see list of minor planets named after animals and plants)''.<ref name="springer-flowers" />
== References == {{reflist|30em|refs=
<ref name="jpldata">{{cite web |type = 2017-11-27 last obs. |title = JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 1060 Magnolia (1925 PA) |url = https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2001060 |publisher = Jet Propulsion Laboratory |access-date = 10 January 2018}}</ref>
<ref name="springer">{{cite book |last = Schmadel | first = Lutz D. |title = Dictionary of Minor Planet Names |publisher = Springer Berlin Heidelberg |page = 91 |date = 2007 |isbn = 978-3-540-00238-3 |doi = 10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_1061 |chapter = (1060) Magnolia }}</ref>
<ref name="springer-flowers">{{cite book |last = Schmadel |first = Lutz D. |title = Dictionary of Minor Planet Names |publisher = Springer Berlin Heidelberg |page = 90 |date = 2007 |isbn = 978-3-540-00238-3 |doi = 10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_1055 |chapter = (1054) Forsytia}}</ref>
<ref name="MPC-object">{{cite web |title = 1060 Magnolia (1925 PA) |work = Minor Planet Center |url = https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/db_search/show_object?object_id=1060 |access-date = 10 January 2018}}</ref>
<ref name="geneva-obs">{{cite web |title = Asteroids and comets rotation curves – (1060) Magnolia |last = Behrend |first = Raoul |publisher = Geneva Observatory |url = http://obswww.unige.ch/~behrend/page3cou.html#001060 |access-date = 10 January 2018}}</ref>
<ref name="Masiero-2011">{{cite journal |display-authors = 6 |first1 = Joseph R. |last1 = Masiero |first2 = A. K. |last2 = Mainzer |first3 = T. |last3 = Grav |first4 = J. M. |last4 = Bauer |first5 = R. M. |last5 = Cutri |first6 = J. |last6 = Dailey |first7 = P. R. M. |last7 = Eisenhardt |first8 = R. S. |last8 = McMillan |first9 = T. B. |last9 = Spahr |first10 = M. F. |last10 = Skrutskie |first11 = D. |last11 = Tholen |first12 = R. G. |last12 = Walker |first13 = E. L. |last13 = Wright |first14 = E. |last14 = DeBaun |first15 = D. |last15 = Elsbury |first16 = T. IV |last16 = Gautier |first17 = S. |last17 = Gomillion |first18 = A. |last18 = Wilkins |date = November 2011 |title = Main Belt Asteroids with WISE/NEOWISE. I. Preliminary Albedos and Diameters |url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2011ApJ...741...68M |journal = The Astrophysical Journal |volume = 741 |issue = 2 |page = 20 |bibcode = 2011ApJ...741...68M |doi = 10.1088/0004-637X/741/2/68 |arxiv = 1109.4096 |access-date= 10 January 2018}}</ref>
<ref name="Ferret">{{cite web |title = Asteroid 1060 Magnolia – Nesvorny HCM Asteroid Families V3.0 |work = Small Bodies Data Ferret |url = https://sbntools.psi.edu/ferret/SimpleSearch/results.action?targetName=1060+Magnolia#Asteroid%201060%20MagnoliaEAR-A-VARGBDET-5-NESVORNYFAM-V3.0 |access-date = 26 October 2019}}</ref>
<ref name="Nesvorny-2014">{{Cite book |first1 = D. |last1 = Nesvorný |first2 = M. |last2 = Broz |first3 = V. |last3 = Carruba |date = December 2014 |chapter = Identification and Dynamical Properties of Asteroid Families |title = Asteroids IV |pages = 297–321 |bibcode = 2015aste.book..297N |doi = 10.2458/azu_uapress_9780816532131-ch016 |arxiv = 1502.01628 |isbn = 978-0-8165-3213-1}}</ref>
<ref name="lcdb">{{cite LCDB|number = 1060 |access-date = 10 January 2018}}</ref>
<ref name="Masiero-2012">{{cite journal |display-authors = 6 |first1 = Joseph R. |last1 = Masiero |first2 = A. K. |last2 = Mainzer |first3 = T. |last3 = Grav |first4 = J. M. |last4 = Bauer |first5 = R. M. |last5 = Cutri |first6 = C. |last6 = Nugent |first7 = M. S. |last7 = Cabrera |date = November 2012 |title = Preliminary Analysis of WISE/NEOWISE 3-Band Cryogenic and Post-cryogenic Observations of Main Belt Asteroids |url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2012ApJ...759L...8M |journal = The Astrophysical Journal Letters |volume = 759 |issue = 1 |page = 5 |bibcode = 2012ApJ...759L...8M |doi = 10.1088/2041-8205/759/1/L8 |arxiv = 1209.5794 |access-date= 10 January 2018}}</ref>
<ref name="WISE">{{cite journal |display-authors = 6 |first1 = A. |last1 = Mainzer |first2 = T. |last2 = Grav |first3 = J. |last3 = Masiero |first4 = E. |last4 = Hand |first5 = J. |last5 = Bauer |first6 = D. |last6 = Tholen |first7 = R. S. |last7 = McMillan |first8 = T. |last8 = Spahr |first9 = R. M. |last9 = Cutri |first10 = E. |last10 = Wright |first11 = J. |last11 = Watkins |first12 = W. |last12 = Mo |first13 = C. |last13 = Maleszewski |date = November 2011 |title = NEOWISE Studies of Spectrophotometrically Classified Asteroids: Preliminary Results |journal = The Astrophysical Journal |volume = 741 |issue = 2 |page = 25 |bibcode = 2011ApJ...741...90M |doi = 10.1088/0004-637X/741/2/90 |arxiv = 1109.6407}}</ref>
<ref name="Nugent-2016">{{cite journal |display-authors = 6 |first1 = C. R. |last1 = Nugent |first2 = A. |last2 = Mainzer |first3 = J. |last3 = Bauer |first4 = R. M. |last4 = Cutri |first5 = E. A. |last5 = Kramer |first6 = T. |last6 = Grav |first7 = J. |last7 = Masiero |first8 = S. |last8 = Sonnett |first9 = E. L. |last9 = Wright |date = September 2016 |title = NEOWISE Reactivation Mission Year Two: Asteroid Diameters and Albedos |journal = The Astronomical Journal |volume = 152 |issue = 3 |page = 12 |bibcode = 2016AJ....152...63N |doi = 10.3847/0004-6256/152/3/63 |arxiv = 1606.08923 |doi-access = free }}</ref>
<ref name="Pravec-2012b">{{Cite journal |first1 = Petr |last1 = Pravec |first2 = Alan W. |last2 = Harris |first3 = Peter |last3 = Kusnirák |first4 = Adrián |last4 = Galád |first5 = Kamil |last5 = Hornoch |date = September 2012 |title = Absolute magnitudes of asteroids and a revision of asteroid albedo estimates from WISE thermal observations |url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2012Icar..221..365P |journal = Icarus |volume = 221 |issue = 1 |pages = 365–387 |bibcode = 2012Icar..221..365P |doi = 10.1016/j.icarus.2012.07.026 |access-date= 10 January 2018}}</ref>
<ref name="Wisniewski-1997">{{Cite journal |first1 = W. Z. |last1 = Wisniewski |first2 = T. M. |last2 = Michalowski |first3 = A. W. |last3 = Harris |first4 = R. S. |last4 = McMillan |date = March 1995 |title = Photoelectric Observations of 125 Asteroids |url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=1995LPI....26.1511W |journal = Abstracts of the Lunar and Planetary Science Conference |volume = 26 |page = 1511 |bibcode = 1995LPI....26.1511W |access-date= 10 January 2018}}</ref>
<ref name="Waszczak-2015">{{cite journal |display-authors = 6 |first1 = Adam |last1 = Waszczak |first2 = Chan-Kao |last2 = Chang |first3 = Eran O. |last3 = Ofek |first4 = Russ |last4 = Laher |first5 = Frank |last5 = Masci |first6 = David |last6 = Levitan |first7 = Jason |last7 = Surace |first8 = Yu-Chi |last8 = Cheng |first9 = Wing-Huen |last9 = Ip |first10 = Daisuke |last10 = Kinoshita |first11 = George |last11 = Helou |first12 = Thomas A. |last12 = Prince |first13 = Shrinivas |last13 = Kulkarni |date = September 2015 |title = Asteroid Light Curves from the Palomar Transient Factory Survey: Rotation Periods and Phase Functions from Sparse Photometry |url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2015AJ....150...75W |journal = The Astronomical Journal |volume = 150 |issue = 3 |page = 35 |bibcode = 2015AJ....150...75W |doi = 10.1088/0004-6256/150/3/75 |arxiv = 1504.04041 |access-date= 10 January 2018}}</ref>
<ref name="Bonzo-2010">{{Cite journal |first1 = Dimitrij |last1 = Bonzo |first2 = Albino |last2 = Carbognani |date = July 2010 |title = Lightcurves and Periods for Asteriods [sic] 1001 Gaussia, 1060 Magnolia, 1750 Eckert, 2888 Hodgson, and 3534 Sax |url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2010MPBu...37...93B |journal = The Minor Planet Bulletin |volume = 37 |issue = 3 |pages = 93–95 |issn = 1052-8091 |bibcode = 2010MPBu...37...93B |access-date= 10 January 2018}}</ref>
<ref name="Kryszczynska-2012b">{{Cite journal |display-authors = 6 |first1 = A. |last1 = Kryszczynska |first2 = F. |last2 = Colas |first3 = M. |last3 = Polinska |first4 = R. |last4 = Hirsch |first5 = V. |last5 = Ivanova |first6 = G. |last6 = Apostolovska |first7 = B. |last7 = Bilkina |first8 = F. P. |last8 = Velichko |first9 = T. |last9 = Kwiatkowski |first10 = P. |last10 = Kankiewicz |first11 = F. |last11 = Vachier |first12 = V. |last12 = Umlenski |first13 = T. |last13 = Michalowski |first14 = A. |last14 = Marciniak |first15 = A. |last15 = Maury |first16 = K. |last16 = Kaminski |first17 = M. |last17 = Fagas |first18 = W. |last18 = Dimitrov |first19 = W. |last19 = Borczyk |first20 = K. |last20 = Sobkowiak |first21 = J. |last21 = Lecacheux |first22 = R. |last22 = Behrend |first23 = A. |last23 = Klotz |first24 = L. |last24 = Bernasconi |first25 = R. |last25 = Crippa |first26 = F. |last26 = Manzini |first27 = R. |last27 = Poncy |first28 = P. |last28 = Antonini |first29 = D. |last29 = Oszkiewicz |first30 = T. |last30 = Santana-Ros |date = October 2012 |title = Do Slivan states exist in the Flora family?. I. Photometric survey of the Flora region |journal = Astronomy and Astrophysics |volume = 546 |page = 51 |bibcode = 2012A&A...546A..72K |doi = 10.1051/0004-6361/201219199 |doi-access= free }}</ref>
<ref name="Strabla-2013a">{{Cite journal |first1 = Luca |last1 = Strabla |first2 = Ulisse |last2 = Quadri |first3 = Robert |last3 = Girelli |date = April 2013 |title = Asteroid Observed from Bassano Bresciano Observatory 2012 August–September |url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2013MPBu...40...83S |journal = The Minor Planet Bulletin |volume = 40 |issue = 2 |pages = 83–84 |issn = 1052-8091 |bibcode = 2013MPBu...40...83S |access-date= 10 January 2018}}</ref>
<ref name="Veres-2015">{{cite journal |display-authors = 6 |first1 = Peter |last1 = Veres |first2 = Robert |last2 = Jedicke |first3 = Alan |last3 = Fitzsimmons |first4 = Larry |last4 = Denneau |first5 = Mikael |last5 = Granvik |first6 = Bryce |last6 = Bolin |first7 = Serge |last7 = Chastel |first8 = Richard J. |last8 = Wainscoat |first9 = William S. |last9 = Burgett |first10 = Kenneth C. |last10 = Chambers |first11 = Heather |last11 = Flewelling |first12 = Nick |last12 = Kaiser |first13 = Eugen A. |last13 = Magnier |first14 = Jeff S. |last14 = Morgan |first15 = Paul A. |last15 = Price |first16 = John L. |last16 = Tonry |first17 = Christopher |last17 = Waters |date = November 2015 |title = Absolute magnitudes and slope parameters for 250,000 asteroids observed by Pan-STARRS PS1 - Preliminary results |url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2015Icar..261...34V |journal = Icarus |volume = 261 |pages = 34–47 |bibcode = 2015Icar..261...34V |doi = 10.1016/j.icarus.2015.08.007 |arxiv = 1506.00762 |access-date= 10 January 2018}}</ref>
}} <!-- end of reflist -->
== External links == * [http://www.minorplanet.info/PHP/lcdbsummaryquery.php Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB)], query form ([http://www.minorplanet.info/lightcurvedatabase.html info] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171216050541/http://www.minorplanet.info/lightcurvedatabase.html |date=16 December 2017 }}) * [https://books.google.com/books?id=aeAg1X7afOoC&pg Dictionary of Minor Planet Names], Google books * [http://obswww.unige.ch/~behrend/page_cou.html Asteroids and comets rotation curves, CdR] – Observatoire de Genève, Raoul Behrend * [https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/lists/NumberedMPs000001.html Discovery Circumstances: Numbered Minor Planets (1)-(5000)] – Minor Planet Center * {{AstDys|1060}} * {{JPL small body}}
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Magnolia}} 001060 Category:Discoveries by Karl Wilhelm Reinmuth Category:Named minor planets 19250813