{{Short description|Florian asteroid}} {{Use dmy dates|date=October 2019}} {{Infobox planet | minorplanet = yes | name = 1056 Azalea | background = #D6D6D6 | image = 1056Azalea (Lightcurve Inversion).png | image_scale = | caption = {{longitem|Light curve-based 3D-model of 1056 Azalea|style=padding: 5px 0; line-height: 1.3em;}} | discovery_ref = <ref name="jpldata" /> | discoverer = K. Reinmuth | discovery_site = Heidelberg Obs. | discovered = 31 January 1924 | mpc_name = (1056) Azalea | alt_names = 1924 QD{{·}}1925 NA<br />1929 WX | pronounced = {{IPAc-en|ə|ˈ|z|eɪ|l|i|ə}} {{respell|ə|ZAY|lee|ə}}<ref>{{OED|azalea}}</ref> | named_after = Azalea {{small|(flower)}}<ref name="springer" /> | mp_category = main-belt{{·}}{{small|(inner)}}<br />Flora<ref name="lcdb" /><ref name="Ferret" /> | orbit_ref = <ref name="jpldata" /> | epoch = 4 September 2017 (JD 2458000.5) | uncertainty = 0 | observation_arc = 93.24 yr (34,057 days) | aphelion = 2.6277 AU | perihelion = 1.8321 AU | semimajor = 2.2299 AU | eccentricity = 0.1784 | period = 3.33 yr (1,216 days) | mean_anomaly = 226.32° | mean_motion = {{Deg2DMS|0.2960|sup=ms}} / day | inclination = 5.4267° | asc_node = 104.17° | arg_peri = 212.39° | dimensions = {{val|10.66|1.99}} km<ref name="Nugent-2016" /><br />{{val|11.76|0.54}} km<ref name="Masiero-2012" /><br />{{val|11.869|0.136}} km<ref name="Masiero-2014" /><br />12.40 km {{small|(calculated)}}<ref name="lcdb" /><br />{{val|12.984|0.069}} km<ref name="WISE" /><br />{{val|13.07|0.64}} km<ref name="AKARI" /> | rotation = 15.0276 h<ref name="Hanus-2013c" /><br />{{val|15.03|0.05}} h<ref name="Kryszczynska-2012b" /><br />{{val|15.15|0.03}} h<ref name="geneva-obs" /> | albedo = {{val|0.223|0.024}}<ref name="AKARI" /><br />0.24 {{small|(assumed)}}<ref name="lcdb" /><br />{{val|0.2457|0.0401}}<ref name="WISE" /><br />{{val|0.292|0.040}}<ref name="Masiero-2012" /><br />{{val|0.34|0.16}}<ref name="Nugent-2016" /> | spectral_type = SMASS {{=}} S<ref name="jpldata" />{{·}}S<ref name="lcdb" /> | abs_magnitude = 11.60<ref name="Masiero-2012" /><ref name="WISE" />{{·}}11.70<ref name="jpldata" /><ref name="lcdb" /><ref name="AKARI" />{{·}}{{val|11.73|0.28}}<ref name="Veres-2015" />{{·}}11.83<ref name="Nugent-2016" /> }}
'''1056 Azalea''', provisional designation {{mp|1924 QD}}, is a stony Florian asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 12 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 31 January 1924, by astronomer Karl Reinmuth at the Heidelberg-Königstuhl State Observatory in southwest Germany.<ref name="MPC-object" /> The asteroid is named after the ''Azalea'' flower.<ref name="springer" />
== Orbit and classification ==
''Azalea'' is a member of the Flora family ({{small|402}}), a giant asteroid family and the largest family of stony asteroids in the main belt.<ref name="lcdb" /><ref name="Ferret" /><ref name="Nesvorny-2014" />{{rp|23}} It orbits the Sun in the inner main belt at a distance of 1.8–2.6 AU once every 3 years and 4 months (1,216 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.18 and an inclination of 5° with respect to the ecliptic.<ref name="jpldata" /> The body's observation arc begins at Heidelberg in April 1928, more than 4 years after its official discovery observation.<ref name="MPC-object" />
== Physical characteristics ==
In the SMASS classification, ''Azalea'' is a common stony S-type asteroid.<ref name="jpldata" />
=== Rotation period ===
In 2004, two rotational lightcurves of ''Azalea'' were obtained from photometric observations by a group of predominately Polish astronomers including Agnieszka Kryszczyńska, as well as by astronomers Alain Klotz and Raoul Behrend. Lightcurve analysis gave a rotation period of 15.03 and 15.15 hours with a high brightness variation of 0.70 and 0.79 magnitude, respectively ({{small|U=2/2}}).<ref name="Kryszczynska-2012b" /><ref name="geneva-obs" /> The high brightness amplitude is typically indicative for a non-spheroidal shape.
=== Spin axis ===
In 2013, an international study modeled a lightcurve with a concurring period of 15.0276 hours and found two spin axis of (252.0°, 51.0°) and (64.0°, 41.0°) in ecliptic coordinates (λ, β) ({{small|U=n.a.}}).<ref name="Hanus-2013c" />
=== Diameter and albedo ===
According to the surveys carried out by the Japanese Akari satellite and the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, ''Azalea'' measures between 10.66 and 13.07 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.223 and 0.34.<ref name="Nugent-2016" /><ref name="Masiero-2012" /><ref name="Masiero-2014" /><ref name="WISE" /><ref name="AKARI" />
The ''Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link'' assumes an albedo of 0.24 – derived from 8 Flora, the largest member and namesake of the Flora family – and calculates a diameter of 12.40 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 11.7.<ref name="lcdb" />
== Naming ==
This minor planet was named after the genus of flowering shrubs, ''Azalea'', which are ''rhododendrons'' with funnel-shaped corollas.<ref name="springer" /> The official naming citation was mentioned in ''The Names of the Minor Planets'' by Paul Herget in 1955 ({{small|H 100}}).<ref name="springer" />
== References == {{reflist|30em|refs=
<ref name="jpldata">{{cite web |type = 2017-04-30 last obs. |title = JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 1056 Azalea (1924 QD) |url = https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2001056 |publisher = Jet Propulsion Laboratory |accessdate = 30 August 2017}}</ref>
<ref name="springer">{{cite book |last = Schmadel | first = Lutz D. |title = Dictionary of Minor Planet Names |publisher = Springer Berlin Heidelberg |page = 90 |date = 2007 |isbn = 978-3-540-00238-3 |doi = 10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_1057 |chapter = (1056) Azalea }}</ref>
<ref name="MPC-object">{{cite web |title = 1056 Azalea (1924 QD) |work = Minor Planet Center |url = https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/db_search/show_object?object_id=1056 |accessdate = 30 August 2017}}</ref>
<ref name="geneva-obs">{{cite web |title = Asteroids and comets rotation curves – (1056) Azalea |last = Behrend |first = Raoul |publisher = Geneva Observatory |url = http://obswww.unige.ch/~behrend/page3cou.html#001056 |accessdate = 30 August 2017}}</ref>
<ref name="Masiero-2014">{{cite journal |display-authors = 6 |first1 = Joseph R. |last1 = Masiero |first2 = T. |last2 = Grav |first3 = A. K. |last3 = Mainzer |first4 = C. R. |last4 = Nugent |first5 = J. M. |last5 = Bauer |first6 = R. |last6 = Stevenson |first7 = S. |last7 = Sonnett |date = August 2014 |title = Main-belt Asteroids with WISE/NEOWISE: Near-infrared Albedos |url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2014ApJ...791..121M |journal = The Astrophysical Journal |volume = 791 |issue = 2 |page = 11 |bibcode = 2014ApJ...791..121M |doi = 10.1088/0004-637X/791/2/121 |arxiv = 1406.6645 |access-date= 30 August 2017}}</ref>
<ref name="lcdb">{{cite LCDB|number = 1056 |accessdate = 30 August 2017}}</ref>
<ref name="Masiero-2012">{{cite journal |display-authors = 6 |first1 = Joseph R. |last1 = Masiero |first2 = A. K. |last2 = Mainzer |first3 = T. |last3 = Grav |first4 = J. M. |last4 = Bauer |first5 = R. M. |last5 = Cutri |first6 = C. |last6 = Nugent |first7 = M. S. |last7 = Cabrera |date = November 2012 |title = Preliminary Analysis of WISE/NEOWISE 3-Band Cryogenic and Post-cryogenic Observations of Main Belt Asteroids |url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2012ApJ...759L...8M |journal = The Astrophysical Journal Letters |volume = 759 |issue = 1 |page = 5 |bibcode = 2012ApJ...759L...8M |doi = 10.1088/2041-8205/759/1/L8 |arxiv = 1209.5794 |access-date= 30 August 2017}}</ref>
<ref name="Nugent-2016">{{cite journal |display-authors = 6 |first1 = C. R. |last1 = Nugent |first2 = A. |last2 = Mainzer |first3 = J. |last3 = Bauer |first4 = R. M. |last4 = Cutri |first5 = E. A. |last5 = Kramer |first6 = T. |last6 = Grav |first7 = J. |last7 = Masiero |first8 = S. |last8 = Sonnett |first9 = E. L. |last9 = Wright |date = September 2016 |title = NEOWISE Reactivation Mission Year Two: Asteroid Diameters and Albedos |journal = The Astronomical Journal |volume = 152 |issue = 3 |page = 12 |bibcode = 2016AJ....152...63N |doi = 10.3847/0004-6256/152/3/63 |arxiv = 1606.08923 |doi-access = free }}</ref>
<ref name="AKARI">{{cite journal |display-authors = 6 |first1 = Fumihiko |last1 = Usui |first2 = Daisuke |last2 = Kuroda |first3 = Thomas G. |last3 = Müller |first4 = Sunao |last4 = Hasegawa |first5 = Masateru |last5 = Ishiguro |first6 = Takafumi |last6 = Ootsubo |first7 = Daisuke |last7 = Ishihara |first8 = Hirokazu |last8 = Kataza |first9 = Satoshi |last9 = Takita |first10 = Shinki |last10 = Oyabu |first11 = Munetaka |last11 = Ueno |first12 = Hideo |last12 = Matsuhara |first13 = Takashi |last13 = Onaka |date = October 2011 |title = Asteroid Catalog Using Akari: AKARI/IRC Mid-Infrared Asteroid Survey |journal = Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan |volume = 63 |issue = 5 |pages = 1117–1138 |bibcode = 2011PASJ...63.1117U |doi = 10.1093/pasj/63.5.1117 |doi-access= }} ([http://vizier.cfa.harvard.edu/viz-bin/VizieR-5?-source=J/PASJ/63/1117/acua_v1&Num=1056 online], [https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/43545172.pdf AcuA catalog p. 153])</ref>
<ref name="WISE">{{cite journal |display-authors = 6 |first1 = A. |last1 = Mainzer |first2 = T. |last2 = Grav |first3 = J. |last3 = Masiero |first4 = E. |last4 = Hand |first5 = J. |last5 = Bauer |first6 = D. |last6 = Tholen |first7 = R. S. |last7 = McMillan |first8 = T. |last8 = Spahr |first9 = R. M. |last9 = Cutri |first10 = E. |last10 = Wright |first11 = J. |last11 = Watkins |first12 = W. |last12 = Mo |first13 = C. |last13 = Maleszewski |date = November 2011 |title = NEOWISE Studies of Spectrophotometrically Classified Asteroids: Preliminary Results |journal = The Astrophysical Journal |volume = 741 |issue = 2 |page = 25 |bibcode = 2011ApJ...741...90M |doi = 10.1088/0004-637X/741/2/90 |arxiv = 1109.6407}}</ref>
<ref name="Kryszczynska-2012b">{{Cite journal |display-authors = 6 |first1 = A. |last1 = Kryszczynska |first2 = F. |last2 = Colas |first3 = M. |last3 = Polinska |first4 = R. |last4 = Hirsch |first5 = V. |last5 = Ivanova |first6 = G. |last6 = Apostolovska |first7 = B. |last7 = Bilkina |first8 = F. P. |last8 = Velichko |first9 = T. |last9 = Kwiatkowski |first10 = P. |last10 = Kankiewicz |first11 = F. |last11 = Vachier |first12 = V. |last12 = Umlenski |first13 = T. |last13 = Michalowski |first14 = A. |last14 = Marciniak |first15 = A. |last15 = Maury |first16 = K. |last16 = Kaminski |first17 = M. |last17 = Fagas |first18 = W. |last18 = Dimitrov |first19 = W. |last19 = Borczyk |first20 = K. |last20 = Sobkowiak |first21 = J. |last21 = Lecacheux |first22 = R. |last22 = Behrend |first23 = A. |last23 = Klotz |first24 = L. |last24 = Bernasconi |first25 = R. |last25 = Crippa |first26 = F. |last26 = Manzini |first27 = R. |last27 = Poncy |first28 = P. |last28 = Antonini |first29 = D. |last29 = Oszkiewicz |first30 = T. |last30 = Santana-Ros |date = October 2012 |title = Do Slivan states exist in the Flora family?. I. Photometric survey of the Flora region |journal = Astronomy and Astrophysics |volume = 546 |page = 51 |bibcode = 2012A&A...546A..72K |doi = 10.1051/0004-6361/201219199 |doi-access= free }}</ref>
<ref name="Hanus-2013c">{{cite journal |display-authors = 6 |first1 = J. |last1 = Hanus |first2 = M. |last2 = Broz |first3 = J. |last3 = Durech |first4 = B. D. |last4 = Warner |first5 = J. |last5 = Brinsfield |first6 = R. |last6 = Durkee |first7 = D. |last7 = Higgins |first8 = R. A. |last8 = Koff |first9 = J. |last9 = Oey |first10 = F. |last10 = Pilcher |first11 = R. |last11 = Stephens |first12 = L. P. |last12 = Strabla |first13 = Q. |last13 = Ulisse |first14 = R. |last14 = Girelli |date = November 2013 |title = An anisotropic distribution of spin vectors in asteroid families |url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2013A&A...559A.134H |journal = Astronomy and Astrophysics |volume = 559 |page = 19 |bibcode = 2013A&A...559A.134H |doi = 10.1051/0004-6361/201321993 |arxiv = 1309.4296 |access-date= 30 August 2017}}</ref>
<ref name="Veres-2015">{{cite journal |display-authors = 6 |first1 = Peter |last1 = Veres |first2 = Robert |last2 = Jedicke |first3 = Alan |last3 = Fitzsimmons |first4 = Larry |last4 = Denneau |first5 = Mikael |last5 = Granvik |first6 = Bryce |last6 = Bolin |first7 = Serge |last7 = Chastel |first8 = Richard J. |last8 = Wainscoat |first9 = William S. |last9 = Burgett |first10 = Kenneth C. |last10 = Chambers |first11 = Heather |last11 = Flewelling |first12 = Nick |last12 = Kaiser |first13 = Eugen A. |last13 = Magnier |first14 = Jeff S. |last14 = Morgan |first15 = Paul A. |last15 = Price |first16 = John L. |last16 = Tonry |first17 = Christopher |last17 = Waters |date = November 2015 |title = Absolute magnitudes and slope parameters for 250,000 asteroids observed by Pan-STARRS PS1 - Preliminary results |url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2015Icar..261...34V |journal = Icarus |volume = 261 |pages = 34–47 |bibcode = 2015Icar..261...34V |doi = 10.1016/j.icarus.2015.08.007 |arxiv = 1506.00762 |access-date= 30 August 2017}}</ref>
<ref name="Ferret">{{cite web |title = Asteroid 1056 Azalea – Nesvorny HCM Asteroid Families V3.0 |work = Small Bodies Data Ferret |url = https://sbntools.psi.edu/ferret/SimpleSearch/results.action?targetName=1056+Azalea#Asteroid%201056%20AzaleaEAR-A-VARGBDET-5-NESVORNYFAM-V3.0 |accessdate = 30 October 2019}}</ref>
<ref name="Nesvorny-2014">{{Cite book |first1 = D. |last1 = Nesvorný |first2 = M. |last2 = Broz |first3 = V. |last3 = Carruba |date = December 2014 |chapter = Identification and Dynamical Properties of Asteroid Families |title = Asteroids IV |pages = 297–321 |bibcode = 2015aste.book..297N |doi = 10.2458/azu_uapress_9780816532131-ch016 |arxiv = 1502.01628 |isbn = 9780816532131}}</ref>
}} <!-- end of reflist -->
== External links == * [http://www.minorplanet.info/PHP/lcdbsummaryquery.php Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB)], query form ([http://www.minorplanet.info/lightcurvedatabase.html info] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171216050541/http://www.minorplanet.info/lightcurvedatabase.html |date=16 December 2017 }}) * [https://books.google.com/books?id=aeAg1X7afOoC&pg Dictionary of Minor Planet Names], Google books * [http://obswww.unige.ch/~behrend/page_cou.html Asteroids and comets rotation curves, CdR] – Observatoire de Genève, Raoul Behrend * [https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/lists/NumberedMPs000001.html Discovery Circumstances: Numbered Minor Planets (1)-(5000)] – Minor Planet Center * {{AstDys|1056}} * {{JPL small body}}
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Azalea}} 001056 Category:Discoveries by Karl Wilhelm Reinmuth Category:Named minor planets 001056 19240131