1042 Amazone

{{Short description|Dark asteroid and slow rotator}} {{Use dmy dates|date=October 2019}} {{Infobox planet | minorplanet = yes | name = 1042 Amazone | background = #D6D6D6 | image = 1042 Amazone Hubble.jpg | image_scale = | caption = Hubble Space Telescope image of ''Amazone'' taken in 2013 | discovery_ref = <ref name="jpldata" /> | discovered = 22 April 1925 | discoverer = K. Reinmuth | discovery_site = Heidelberg Obs. | mpc_name = (1042) Amazone | alt_names = 1925 HA | pronounced = {{IPA|de|ˈaːmaːtsoːnə|lang}} | named_after = Ἀμαζών ''Amazōn'' {{small|(Greek mythology)}}<ref name="springer" /> | mp_category = main-belt{{·}}{{small|(outer)}}<ref name="lcdb" /> | orbit_ref = <ref name="jpldata" /> | epoch = 4 September 2017 (JD 2458000.5) | uncertainty = 0 | observation_arc = 92.18 yr (33,669 days) | aphelion = 3.5294 AU | perihelion = 2.9518 AU | semimajor = 3.2406 AU | eccentricity = 0.0891 | period = 5.83 yr (2,131 days) | mean_anomaly = 221.26° | mean_motion = {{Deg2DMS|0.1690|sup=ms}} / day | inclination = 20.702° | asc_node = 52.440° | arg_peri = 296.19° | dimensions = {{val|63.920|0.102}} km<ref name="Masiero-2014" /> {{val|65.823|0.307}} km<ref name="WISE" /> {{val|71.88|1.08}} km<ref name="AKARI" /> 73.59 km {{small|(derived)}}<ref name="lcdb" /> {{val|73.64|1.8}} km<ref name="SIMPS" /> | rotation = {{nowrap|{{val|16.26|0.02}} h {{small|(outdated)}}}}<ref name="Warner-2005g" /> {{val|540|30}} h<ref name="Warner-2010i" />{{efn|name=lightcurve-plot}} | albedo = 0.0358 {{small|(derived)}}<ref name="lcdb" /> {{val|0.0392|0.002}}<ref name="SIMPS" /> {{val|0.042|0.002}}<ref name="AKARI" /> {{val|0.0490|0.0106}}<ref name="WISE" /> {{val|0.054|0.006}}<ref name="jpldata" /><ref name="Masiero-2014" /> | spectral_type = P<ref name="WISE" />{{·}}X<ref name="Veres-2015" />{{·}}C<ref name="lcdb" /> | abs_magnitude = 9.8<ref name="WISE" /><ref name="AKARI" /><ref name="SIMPS" />{{·}}{{val|9.89|0.26}}<ref name="Veres-2015" />{{·}}9.9<ref name="jpldata" /><ref name="lcdb" /> }}

'''1042 Amazone''', provisional designation {{mp|1925 HA}}, is a dark asteroid and slow rotator in the outer asteroid belt, approximately 70 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 22 April 1925, by German astronomer Karl Reinmuth at Heidelberg Observatory in southern Germany.<ref name="jpldata" /> It is named after the Amazons from Greek mythology.<ref name="springer" />

== Orbit and classification ==

''Amazone'' orbits the Sun in the outer main-belt at a distance of 3.0–3.5 AU once every 5 years and 10 months (2,131 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.09 and an inclination of 21° with respect to the ecliptic.<ref name="jpldata" /> The body's observation arc begins three weeks after its official discovery observation.<ref name="MPC-Amazone" />

== Physical characteristics ==

The carbonaceous asteroid has been characterized as a dark and reddish P-type asteroid by the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE), and as an X-type asteroid by Pan-STARRS photometric survey.<ref name="lcdb" /><ref name="WISE" /><ref name="Veres-2015" />

=== Diameter and albedo ===

According to the surveys carried out by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS, the Japanese Akari satellite, and the NEOWISE mission of NASA's WISE space-telescope, ''Amazone'' measures between 63.9 and 73.6 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo of 0.039 to 0.054.<ref name="Masiero-2014" /><ref name="WISE" /><ref name="AKARI" /><ref name="SIMPS" /> The ''Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link'' derives an albedo of 0.036 and a diameter of 73.6 kilometers.<ref name="lcdb" />

=== Slow rotator ===

In April 2005, astronomer Brian Warner obtained two divergent rotational lightcurves for ''Amazone''. The longer solution gave a long rotation period of 540 hours with a brightness variation of 0.25 magnitude ({{small|U=2}}) The astronomer assumes the full lightcurve to be bimodal, having two maximums and minimums per rotation.<ref name="Warner-2010i" />{{efn|name=lightcurve-plot}}

== Naming ==

Based on a proposal by Gustav Stracke, the asteroid was named after the Amazons, a race of woman warriors in Greek mythology. They had no men and joined with their neighbors, killed the sons and educated the daughters of whom the teats were burnt so that they could discharge the arrows more rapidly. The asteroids 271 Penthesilea and 10295 Hippolyta were named after queens of the Amazons, while 5143 Heracles was named after the hero who fought them.<ref name="springer" />

== Notes == {{notelist|refs=

{{efn|name=lightcurve-plot|1={{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20170321170518/http://www.minorplanetobserver.com/pdolc/A1042_2005.HTM Lightcurve plot]}} of 1042 Amazone with a period of {{val|540|30}} hours; observations taken Palmer Divide Observatory by Brian D. Warner (2005)}}

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== References == {{reflist|30em|refs=

<ref name="jpldata">{{cite web |type = 2017-06-06 last obs. |title = JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 1042 Amazone (1925 HA) |url = https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2001042 |publisher = Jet Propulsion Laboratory |accessdate = 26 July 2017}}</ref>

<ref name="springer">{{cite book |title = Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – (1042) Amazone |last = Schmadel | first = Lutz D. |publisher = Springer Berlin Heidelberg |page = 89 |date = 2007 |isbn = 978-3-540-00238-3 |doi = 10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_1043 |chapter = (1042) Amazone }}</ref>

<ref name="MPC-Amazone">{{cite web |title = 1042 Amazone (1925 HA) |work = Minor Planet Center |url = https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/db_search/show_object?object_id=1042 |accessdate = 12 October 2016}}</ref>

<ref name="lcdb">{{cite LCDB|number = 1042 |accessdate = 12 October 2016}}</ref>

<ref name="SIMPS">{{cite journal |first1 = E. F. |last1 = Tedesco |first2 = P. V. |last2 = Noah |first3 = M. |last3 = Noah |first4 = S. D. |last4 = Price |date = October 2004 |title = IRAS Minor Planet Survey V6.0 |url = https://sbnarchive.psi.edu/pds3/iras/IRAS_A_FPA_3_RDR_IMPS_V6_0/data/diamalb.tab |journal = NASA Planetary Data System |volume = 12 |pages = IRAS-A-FPA-3-RDR-IMPS-V6.0 |bibcode = 2004PDSS...12.....T |accessdate = 22 October 2019}}</ref>

<ref name="AKARI">{{cite journal |display-authors = 6 |first1 = Fumihiko |last1 = Usui |first2 = Daisuke |last2 = Kuroda |first3 = Thomas G. |last3 = Müller |first4 = Sunao |last4 = Hasegawa |first5 = Masateru |last5 = Ishiguro |first6 = Takafumi |last6 = Ootsubo |first7 = Daisuke |last7 = Ishihara |first8 = Hirokazu |last8 = Kataza |first9 = Satoshi |last9 = Takita |first10 = Shinki |last10 = Oyabu |first11 = Munetaka |last11 = Ueno |first12 = Hideo |last12 = Matsuhara |first13 = Takashi |last13 = Onaka |date = October 2011 |title = Asteroid Catalog Using Akari: AKARI/IRC Mid-Infrared Asteroid Survey |journal = Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan |volume = 63 |issue = 5 |pages = 1117–1138 |bibcode = 2011PASJ...63.1117U |doi = 10.1093/pasj/63.5.1117 |doi-access= free }} ([http://vizier.cfa.harvard.edu/viz-bin/VizieR-5?-source=J/PASJ/63/1117/acua_v1&Num=1042 online], [https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/43545172.pdf AcuA catalog p. 153])</ref>

<ref name="WISE">{{cite journal |display-authors = 6 |first1 = A. |last1 = Mainzer |first2 = T. |last2 = Grav |first3 = J. |last3 = Masiero |first4 = E. |last4 = Hand |first5 = J. |last5 = Bauer |first6 = D. |last6 = Tholen |first7 = R. S. |last7 = McMillan |first8 = T. |last8 = Spahr |first9 = R. M. |last9 = Cutri |first10 = E. |last10 = Wright |first11 = J. |last11 = Watkins |first12 = W. |last12 = Mo |first13 = C. |last13 = Maleszewski |date = November 2011 |title = NEOWISE Studies of Spectrophotometrically Classified Asteroids: Preliminary Results |journal = The Astrophysical Journal |volume = 741 |issue = 2 |page = 25 |bibcode = 2011ApJ...741...90M |doi = 10.1088/0004-637X/741/2/90 |arxiv = 1109.6407}}</ref>

<ref name="Warner-2005g">{{Cite journal |author = Warner, Brian D. |date = December 2005 |title = Asteroid lightcurve analysis at the Palmer Divide Observatory - spring 2005 |url = https://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2005MPBu...32...90W |journal = The Minor Planet Bulletin |volume = 32 |issue = 4 |pages = 90–92 |issn = 1052-8091 |bibcode = 2005MPBu...32...90W |access-date= 12 October 2016}}</ref>

<ref name="Warner-2010i">{{Cite journal |author = Warner, Brian D. |date = July 2010 |title = Upon Further Review: I. An Examination of Previous Lightcurve Analysis from the Palmer Divide Observatory |url = https://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2010MPBu...37..127W |journal = The Minor Planet Bulletin |volume = 37 |issue = 3 |pages = 127–130 |issn = 1052-8091 |bibcode = 2010MPBu...37..127W |access-date= 12 October 2016}}</ref>

<ref name="Veres-2015">{{cite journal |display-authors = 6 |first1 = Peter |last1 = Veres |first2 = Robert |last2 = Jedicke |first3 = Alan |last3 = Fitzsimmons |first4 = Larry |last4 = Denneau |first5 = Mikael |last5 = Granvik |first6 = Bryce |last6 = Bolin |first7 = Serge |last7 = Chastel |first8 = Richard J. |last8 = Wainscoat |first9 = William S. |last9 = Burgett |first10 = Kenneth C. |last10 = Chambers |first11 = Heather |last11 = Flewelling |first12 = Nick |last12 = Kaiser |first13 = Eugen A. |last13 = Magnier |first14 = Jeff S. |last14 = Morgan |first15 = Paul A. |last15 = Price |first16 = John L. |last16 = Tonry |first17 = Christopher |last17 = Waters |date = November 2015 |title = Absolute magnitudes and slope parameters for 250,000 asteroids observed by Pan-STARRS PS1 - Preliminary results |url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2015Icar..261...34V |journal = Icarus |volume = 261 |pages = 34–47 |bibcode = 2015Icar..261...34V |doi = 10.1016/j.icarus.2015.08.007 |arxiv = 1506.00762 |access-date= 12 October 2016}}</ref>

<ref name="Masiero-2014">{{cite journal |display-authors = 6 |first1 = Joseph R. |last1 = Masiero |first2 = T. |last2 = Grav |first3 = A. K. |last3 = Mainzer |first4 = C. R. |last4 = Nugent |first5 = J. M. |last5 = Bauer |first6 = R. |last6 = Stevenson |first7 = S. |last7 = Sonnett |date = August 2014 |title = Main-belt Asteroids with WISE/NEOWISE: Near-infrared Albedos |url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2014ApJ...791..121M |journal = The Astrophysical Journal |volume = 791 |issue = 2 |page = 11 |bibcode = 2014ApJ...791..121M |doi = 10.1088/0004-637X/791/2/121 |arxiv = 1406.6645 |access-date= 9 December 2016}}</ref>

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== External links == * [http://www.minorplanet.info/PHP/lcdbsummaryquery.php Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB)], query form ([http://www.minorplanet.info/lightcurvedatabase.html info] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171216050541/http://www.minorplanet.info/lightcurvedatabase.html |date=16 December 2017 }}) * [https://books.google.com/books?id=aeAg1X7afOoC&pg Dictionary of Minor Planet Names], Google books * [https://obswww.unige.ch/~behrend/page_cou.html Asteroids and comets rotation curves, CdR] – Observatoire de Genève, Raoul Behrend * [https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/lists/NumberedMPs000001.html Discovery Circumstances: Numbered Minor Planets (1)-(5000)] – Minor Planet Center * {{AstDys|1042}} * {{JPL small body}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Amazone}} 001042 Category:Discoveries by Karl Wilhelm Reinmuth Category:Named minor planets 001042 19250422 Category:Amazons