{{Short description|Nysian asteroid}} {{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}} {{Infobox planet | minorplanet = yes | name = 10140 Villon | background = #D6D6D6 | image = | image_size = | caption = | discovery_ref = <ref name="MPC-object" /> | discoverer = E. W. Elst | discovery_site = CERGA Obs. | discovered = 19 September 1993 | mpc_name = (10140) Villon | alt_names = {{mp|1993 SX|4}}{{·}}1973 GZ<br />1977 KH{{·}}1984 CJ<br />{{mp|1990 WQ|15}} | pronounced = | named_after = François Villon<ref name="MPC-object" /><br />{{small|(French poet)}} | mp_category = main-belt<ref name="MPC-object" /><ref name="jpldata" />{{·}}{{small|(inner)}}<br />Nysa<ref name="Ferret" /> | orbit_ref = <ref name="jpldata" /> | epoch = 23 March 2018 (JD 2458200.5) | uncertainty = 0 | observation_arc = 44.91 yr (16,402 d) | aphelion = 2.7383 AU | perihelion = 2.1022 AU | semimajor = 2.4203 AU | eccentricity = 0.1314 | period = 3.77 yr (1,375 d) | mean_anomaly = 340.65° | mean_motion = {{Deg2DMS|0.2618|sup=ms}} / day | inclination = 2.6208° | asc_node = 165.49° | arg_peri = 21.421° | mean_diameter = {{val|4.785|0.134|ul=km}}<ref name="Masiero-2011" /> | rotation = | albedo = {{val|0.280|0.078}}<ref name="Masiero-2011" /> | spectral_type = | abs_magnitude = 13.7<ref name="jpldata" /> }}
'''10140 Villon''', provisional designation {{mp|1993 SX|4}}, is a Nysian asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately {{convert|5|km|mi|abbr=off|sigfig=1|sp=us}} in diameter. It was discovered on 19 September 1993, by Belgian astronomer Eric Elst at the CERGA Observatory at Caussols in France.<ref name="MPC-object" /> It was named after 15th-century French poet François Villon.<ref name="MPC-object" />
== Orbit and classification ==
''Villon'' is member of the Nysa family ({{small|405}}),<ref name="Ferret" /> one of the largest asteroid families.<ref name="Nesvorny-2014" /> It orbits the Sun in the inner main-belt at a distance of 2.1–2.7 AU once every 3 years and 9 months (1,375 days; semi-major axis of 2.42 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.13 and an inclination of 3° with respect to the ecliptic.<ref name="jpldata" /> The body's observation arc begins with its first observations as {{mp|1973 GZ}} at the Crimean Astrophysical Observatory in April 1973, more than 20 years prior to its official discovery observation at Caussols.<ref name="MPC-object" />
== Physical characteristics ==
''Villon''{{'s}} spectral type has not been determined, Based on its family classification and measured albedo ''(see below)'', it is likely a stony S-type asteroid.<ref name="Nesvorny-2014" /> It has an absolute magnitude of 13.7.<ref name="jpldata" /> As of 2018, no rotational lightcurve of ''Villon'' has been obtained from photometric observations. The body's rotation period, pole and shape remain unknown.<ref name="jpldata" />
=== Diameter and albedo ===
According to the survey carried out by the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, ''Villon'' measures 4.785 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo of 0.280.<ref name="Masiero-2011" />
== Naming ==
This minor planet was named after medieval French poet François Villon (1431–1463).<ref name="MPC-object" /> The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 28 July 1999 ({{small|M.P.C. 35493}}).<ref name="MPC-Circulars-Archive" />
== References == {{reflist|30em|refs=
<ref name="jpldata">{{cite web |type = 2018-02-26 last obs. |title = JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 10140 Villon (1993 SX4) |url = https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2010140 |publisher = Jet Propulsion Laboratory |access-date = 30 April 2018}}</ref>
<ref name="MPC-object">{{cite web |title = 10140 Villon (1993 SX4) |work = Minor Planet Center |url = https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/db_search/show_object?object_id=10140 |access-date = 30 April 2018}}</ref>
<ref name="MPC-Circulars-Archive">{{cite web |title = MPC/MPO/MPS Archive |work = Minor Planet Center |url = https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/ECS/MPCArchive/MPCArchive_TBL.html |access-date = 30 April 2018}}</ref>
<ref name="Ferret">{{cite web |title = Asteroid 10140 Villon – Nesvorny HCM Asteroid Families V3.0 |work = Small Bodies Data Ferret |url = https://sbntools.psi.edu/ferret/SimpleSearch/results.action?targetName=10140+Villon#Asteroid%2010140%20VillonEAR-A-VARGBDET-5-NESVORNYFAM-V3.0 |access-date = 27 October 2019}}</ref>
<ref name="Nesvorny-2014">{{Cite book |first1 = D. |last1 = Nesvorný |first2 = M. |last2 = Broz |first3 = V. |last3 = Carruba |date = December 2014 |chapter = Identification and Dynamical Properties of Asteroid Families |title = Asteroids IV |pages = 297–321 |bibcode = 2015aste.book..297N |doi = 10.2458/azu_uapress_9780816532131-ch016 |arxiv = 1502.01628 |isbn = 9780816532131 }}</ref>
<ref name="Masiero-2011">{{cite journal |display-authors = 6 |first1 = Joseph R. |last1 = Masiero |first2 = A. K. |last2 = Mainzer |first3 = T. |last3 = Grav |first4 = J. M. |last4 = Bauer |first5 = R. M. |last5 = Cutri |first6 = J. |last6 = Dailey |first7 = P. R. M. |last7 = Eisenhardt |first8 = R. S. |last8 = McMillan |first9 = T. B. |last9 = Spahr |first10 = M. F. |last10 = Skrutskie |first11 = D. |last11 = Tholen |first12 = R. G. |last12 = Walker |first13 = E. L. |last13 = Wright |first14 = E. |last14 = DeBaun |first15 = D. |last15 = Elsbury |first16 = T. IV |last16 = Gautier |first17 = S. |last17 = Gomillion |first18 = A. |last18 = Wilkins |date = November 2011 |title = Main Belt Asteroids with WISE/NEOWISE. I. Preliminary Albedos and Diameters |journal = The Astrophysical Journal |volume = 741 |issue = 2 |page = 20 |bibcode = 2011ApJ...741...68M |doi = 10.1088/0004-637X/741/2/68 |arxiv = 1109.4096 }}</ref>
}} <!-- end of reflist -->
== External links == * [http://www.minorplanet.info/PHP/lcdbsummaryquery.php Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB)], query form ([http://www.minorplanet.info/lightcurvedatabase.html info] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171216050541/http://www.minorplanet.info/lightcurvedatabase.html |date=16 December 2017 }}) * [https://books.google.com/books?id=aeAg1X7afOoC&pg Dictionary of Minor Planet Names], Google books * [https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/lists/NumberedMPs010001.html Discovery Circumstances: Numbered Minor Planets (10001)-(15000)] – Minor Planet Center * {{AstDys|10140}} * {{JPL small body}}
{{Minor planets navigator |10139 Ronsard |number=10140 |10141 Gotenba }} {{Small Solar System bodies}} {{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Villon}} 010140 Category:Discoveries by Eric Walter Elst Category:Named minor planets Category:François Villon 19930919