# Zuzan

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{{Short description|Village in Razavi Khorasan province, Iran}}

{{for|the administrative divisions|Jolgeh Zuzan District|Zuzan Rural District}}

{{use dmy dates|date=August 2022}}

{{Infobox settlement
 | official_name     = Zuzan
 | image_skyline     = Historical-Village-of-Zuzan.jpg
 | caption           = Historical village of Zuzan and Zuzan Mosque (1980)
 | native_name       = {{langx|fa|زوزن}}
 | settlement_type   = Village
 | pushpin_map       = Iran
 | mapsize           = 
 | subdivision_type  = Country
 | subdivision_name  = [Iran](/source/Iran)
 | subdivision_type1 = [Province](/source/Provinces_of_Iran)
 | subdivision_name1 = [Razavi Khorasan](/source/Razavi_Khorasan_province)
 | subdivision_type2 = [County](/source/Counties_of_Iran)
 | subdivision_name2 = [Khaf](/source/Khaf_County)
 | subdivision_type3 = [District](/source/Bakhsh_(administrative_division))
 | subdivision_name3 = [Jolgeh Zuzan](/source/Jolgeh_Zuzan_District)
 | subdivision_type4 = [Rural District](/source/Rural_Districts_of_Iran)
 | subdivision_name4 = [Zuzan](/source/Zuzan_Rural_District)
 | leader_title      =
 | leader_name       =
 | established_title =
 | established_date  =
 | area_total_km2    =
 | area_footnotes    =
 | population_as_of  = 2016
|population_footnotes    = <ref name="2016 Razavi Khorasan Province"/>
 | population_total  = 2677
 | population_density_km2 = auto
 | timezone          = [IRST](/source/Iran_Standard_Time)
 | utc_offset        = +3:30
 | coordinates       = {{coord|34|20|48|N|59|52|13|E|dim:1km|display=inline,title}}
|coordinates_footnotes   = <ref>{{Cite map |author=((OpenStreetMap contributors)) |url=https://www.openstreetmap.org/?mlat=34.346667&mlon=59.870278&zoom=15#map=15/34.34667/59.87028|website=[OpenStreetMap](/source/OpenStreetMap) |title=زوزن, دهستان زوزن, بخش جلگه زوزن [Zuzan, Zuzan Rural District, Jolgeh Zuzan District], Khaf County, Razavi Khorasan, Iran|date=2 November 2024|access-date=2 November 2024|lang=fa}}</ref>
 | elevation_m       =
 | area_code         =
 | website           =
 | footnotes         = {{GEOnet2|32FA8808D54D3774E0440003BA962ED3}}
}}

'''Zuzan''' ({{langx|fa|زوزن}}){{efn|Also [romanize](/source/romanize)d as '''Zūzan'''; also known as '''Rūzān''' and '''Zozan'''<ref>{{GEOnet3|-3089621}}</ref>}} is a village in, and the capital of, [Zuzan Rural District](/source/Zuzan_Rural_District)<ref name="Jolgeh Zuzan District Formation"> {{cite web |first=Hassan |last=Habibi |author-link=Hassan Habibi |orig-date={{lang|fa|rtl=yes|مصوب}} (Approved) 1372,04,02 (Iranian Jalali calendar) |date=23 June 1993 <!-- Converted date using https://www.iranchamber.com/calendar/converter/iranian_calendar_converter.php --> |script-title=fa:تصويبنامه در خصوص اصلاحات در محدوده استان خراسان |trans-title=‌Resolution on reforms in the territory of Khorasan province |url=https://qavanin.ir/Law/TreeText/92756 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240107173239/https://qavanin.ir/Law/TreeText/92756 |archive-date=7 January 2024 |access-date=5 March 2026 |website={{lang|fa|rtl=yes|سامانه ملی قوانین و مقررات}} [National System of Laws and Regulations] |publisher={{lang|fa|rtl=yes|‌وزارت کشور}} [Ministry of the Interior] |agency={{lang|fa|rtl=yes|کمیسیون سیاسی دفاعی هیأت دولت}} [Political Defense Commission of the Government Board] |language=fa |id={{lang|fa|rtl=yes|۱۳۳۱۶/۴۲/۴/۱ پيشنهاد شماره}} [Proposal Number 13316/42/1/4].}}</ref>{{efn|Formerly [Jolgeh Zuzan Rural District](/source/Zuzan_Rural_District)<ref name="Jolgeh Zuzan District Formation"/>}} in [Jolgeh Zuzan District](/source/Jolgeh_Zuzan_District) of [Khaf County](/source/Khaf_County), [Razavi Khorasan](/source/Razavi_Khorasan_province) province, [Iran](/source/Iran). The previous capital of the rural district was the village of [Qasemabad](/source/Qasemabad%2C_Khaf),<ref name="Torbat-e Heydarieh County Rural Districts"> {{cite web |first=Mir-Hossein |last=Mousavi |author-link=Mir-Hossein Mousavi |orig-date={{lang|fa|rtl=yes|تاریخ تصویب}} (Approval date) 1366.4.10 (Iranian Jalali calendar) |date=1 July 1987 <!-- Converted 'Approval date' using https://www.iranchamber.com/calendar/converter/iranian_calendar_converter.php --> |script-title=fa: ایجاد و تشکیل 20 دهستان شامل روستاها، مزارع و مکانها در شهرستان تربت حیدریه تابع استان خراسان |trans-title=‌Creation and formation of 20 rural districts including villages, farms and places in Torbat-e Heydarieh County, Khorasan province |url=https://rc.majlis.ir/fa/law/show/110221 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141025195953/https://rc.majlis.ir/fa/law/show/110221 |archive-date=25 October 2014 |access-date=5 March 2026 |website={{lang|fa|rtl=yes|مرکز پژوهشهای مجلس شورای اسلامی ایران}} [Research Center of the Islamic Consultative Assembly of Iran] |publisher={{lang|fa|rtl=yes|‌وزارت کشور}} [Ministry of the Interior] |agency={{lang|fa|rtl=yes|هیات وزیران}} [Council of Ministers] |language=fa |id={{lang|fa|rtl=yes|پیشنهاد شماره}} [Proposal No.] 44.1.5.53.}}</ref> now a city.<ref name="100 Villages to Cities"> {{cite web |first=Hassan |last=Habibi |author-link=Hassan Habibi |orig-date={{lang|fa|rtl=yes|مصوب}} (Approved) 1378/12/18 (Iranian Jalali calendar) |date=8 March 2000 <!-- Converted date using https://www.iranchamber.com/calendar/converter/iranian_calendar_converter.php --> |script-title=fa:تصويب نامه در خصوص شناخته شدن يكصد روستاي مركز بخش به عنوان شهر |trans-title=‌Approval letter regarding the recognition of 100 villages of the central district as cities |url=https://qavanin.ir/Law/TreeText/?IDS=8106412901968071136 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251014200549/https://qavanin.ir/Law/TreeText/?IDS=8106412901968071136 |archive-date=14 October 2025 |access-date=14 October 2025 |website={{lang|fa|rtl=yes|سامانه ملی قوانین و مقررات}} [National System of Laws and Regulations] |publisher={{lang|fa|rtl=yes|‌وزارت کشور}} [Ministry of the Interior] |agency={{lang|fa|rtl=yes|کمیسیون سیاسی دفاعی هیأت دولت}} [Political Defense Commission of the Government Board] |language=fa |id={{lang|fa|rtl=yes|تصويب نامه شماره 5453 /ت21162هـ}} [Approval Letter Number 5453/T21162H].}}</ref>

==History==
The earliest artifacts of Zuzan date back to the 4th century. Zuzan was the site of a medieval city, flourishing most notably during the reign of the [Khwarazmian Empire](/source/Khwarazmian_Empire). Zuzan was at a distance of other major medieval metropolises such as [Khargerd](/source/Khar_Gerd), [Nishapur](/source/Nishapur), [Herat](/source/Herat), [Jam](/source/Minaret_of_Jam), and [Merv](/source/Merv).{{sfn|Blair|1985|pp=1}} 

The city was rectangularly planned and contained irrigation systems and dams.{{sfn|UNESCO World Heritage Centre|2007}} Most of the historical remnants of the city have been lost to time,{{sfn|Blair|1985|pp=1}} but two major historical monuments remain, the Zuzan Madrasa and the [Malek Zuzan Mosque](/source/%3Afa%3A%25D9%2585%25D8%25B3%25D8%25AC%25D8%25AF_%25D9%2585%25D9%2584%25DA%25A9_%25D8%25B2%25D9%2588%25D8%25B2%25D9%2586).

The historical city is on the Iranian tentative list for [UNESCO](/source/UNESCO) World Heritage nomination.{{sfn|UNESCO World Heritage Centre|2007}}

===Zuzan Madrasa===
Although only parts of the inscription containing the date of the monument remain, this monument can be dated to 1219.{{sfn|Blair|1985|pp=3}} [Andre Godard](/source/Andr%C3%A9_Godard), a French archaeologist first described the building and attributed it to the Khwarazmian Empire in 1949.{{sfn|Blair|1985|pp=2}} Godard initially misidentified the building as a mosque but an inscription dedicated to [Abu Hanifa](/source/Abu_Hanifa) shows that the building was actually an [Hanafite](/source/Hanafi_school) [madrasa](/source/madrasa).{{sfn|Blair|1985|pp=5-6}}

Architecturally, the madrasa is influenced by [Ghurid](/source/Ghurid_dynasty) and Khwarazmian architecture.{{sfn|Blair|1985|pp=11}} The building used a typical four-[iwan](/source/iwan) plan type of the region, although only two [iwans](/source/iwan) now remain. The building contains sophisticated ceramics and highly stylized inscriptions.{{sfn|Blair|1985|pp=15-17}}

==Demographics==
===Population===
At the time of the 2006 National Census, the village's population was 2,183 in 479 households.<ref name="2006 Razavi Khorasan Province"> {{cite web |script-title=fa:سرشماري عمومي نفوس و مسكن 1385 : استان خراسان رضوی |trans-title=General Population and Housing Census 2006: Razavi Khorasan Province |language=fa |website={{lang|fa|rtl=yes|مرکز آمار ایران}} [Statistical Centre of Iran] |url=http://www.amar.org.ir/DesktopModules/FTPManager/upload/upload2360/newjkh/newjkh/09.xls |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110920095433/http://www.amar.org.ir/DesktopModules/FTPManager/upload/upload2360/newjkh/newjkh/09.xls |archive-date=20 September 2011 |format=Excel |access-date=25 September 2022}}</ref> The following census in 2011 counted 2,585 people in 626 households.<ref name="2011 Razavi Khorasan Province"> {{cite web |script-title=fa:سرشماري عمومي نفوس و مسكن 1390 : استان خراسان رضوی  |trans-title=General Population and Housing Census 2011: Razavi Khorasan Province |language=fa |website=Iran Data Portal—Syracuse University |url=https://irandataportal.syr.edu/wp-content/uploads/Razavi-Khorasan.xls |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230120012029/https://irandataportal.syr.edu/wp-content/uploads/Razavi-Khorasan.xls |archive-date=20 January 2023 |agency={{lang|fa|rtl=yes|مرکز آمار ایران}} [Statistical Centre of Iran] |format=Excel |access-date=19 December 2022}}</ref> The 2016 census measured the population of the village as 2,677 people in 744 households, the most populous in its rural district.<ref name="2016 Razavi Khorasan Province"> {{cite web |script-title=fa:سرشماري عمومي نفوس و مسكن 1395 : استان خراسان رضوی  |trans-title=General Population and Housing Census 2016: Razavi Khorasan Province |language=fa |website={{lang|fa|rtl=yes|مرکز آمار ایران}} [Statistical Centre of Iran] |url=https://www.amar.org.ir/Portals/0/census/1395/results/abadi/CN95_HouseholdPopulationVillage_09.xlsx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220402213121/https://www.amar.org.ir/Portals/0/census/1395/results/abadi/CN95_HouseholdPopulationVillage_09.xlsx |archive-date=2 April 2022 |format=Excel |access-date=19 December 2022}}</ref>

==Notable people==
* [Hamza ibn Ali ibn Ahmad](/source/Hamza_ibn_Ali_ibn_Ahmad), founding leader of the [Druze](/source/Druze).{{sfn|Hendrix|Okeja|2018|p=11}}
* [Abu Sahl Zawzani](/source/Abu_Sahl_Zawzani), [Persian](/source/Persian_people) statesman who served as the chief secretary of the [Ghaznavids](/source/Ghaznavids) briefly in 1040, and later from 1041 to an unknown date was from Zuzan.{{sfn|Bosworth|2001|pp=578–583}}
*Qiwam al-Din Muayyid al-Mulk Abu Bakr ibn Ali al-Zuzani, the governor of the area from the 1200 to 1220, who constructed the most notable sites in the village; the Madrasa and Mosque of Malek Zuzan.{{sfn|Blair|1985|pp=2}} 

==See also==
{{Portal-inline|Iran}}
{{clear}}

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==Sources==
{{refbegin}}
*{{cite encyclopedia
 | article = GHAZNAVIDS
 | last = Bosworth
 | first = C. Edmund
 | year = 2001
 | author-link = Clifford Edmund Bosworth
 | encyclopedia = Encyclopaedia Iranica
 | volume = X, Fasc. 6
 | pages = 578–583
 | article-url = http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/ghaznavids
 }}
*{{cite book| title = The World's Greatest Religious Leaders: How Religious Figures Helped Shape World History [2 volumes]
 | editor1-last = Hendrix | editor1-first = Scott
 | editor2-last = Okeja | editor2-first = Uchenna
 | year = 2018
 | publisher = ABC-CLIO
 | page = 11
 | isbn = 978-144084138-5
}}
*{{Cite web
 | title = Zuzan
 | author = <!-- not stated -->
 | publisher = UNESCO World Heritage Centre
 | url = https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/5208
 | date = 9 August 2007
 | access-date = 14 August 2019
 | ref = {{harvid|UNESCO World Heritage Centre|2007}}
 }}
*{{cite journal |last1=Blair |first1=Sheila |title=The Madrasa at Zuzan: Islamic Architecture in Eastern Iran on the Eve of the Mongol Invasions |journal=Muqarnas: An Annual on Islamic Art and Architecture |date=1985 |issue=3 |url=https://www.archnet.org/display?source=https://archnet-3-prod-iiif-cloud-c0fe51f0b9ac.herokuapp.com/public/resources/d23dd9f4-3686-491a-a11f-41ffbac66c1c/content |access-date=9 February 2025 }}{{Dead link|date=February 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}
{{refend}}

{{Authority control}}

{{Razavi Khorasan Province|state=collapsed}}

{{Khaf County|state=collapsed}}

Category:Populated places in Khaf County

{{Khaf-geo-stub}}

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Zuzan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zuzan) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zuzan?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.