# Zemiaki language

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> Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zemiaki_language
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{{Short description|Nuristani language of Kunar, Afghanistan}}
{{Infobox language
|name= Zemiaki
|nativename = {{lang|nli|J̌amlām-am bašā}}
|states= [Afghanistan](/source/Afghanistan)
|region= [Nuristan Province](/source/Nuristan_Province)
|speakers= 500
|date=1999
|ref=
|familycolor= Indo-European
|fam2=[Indo-Iranian](/source/Indo-Iranian_languages)
|fam3=[Nuristani](/source/Nuristani_languages)
| ancestor         = [Proto-Indo-European](/source/Proto-Indo-European_language)
| ancestor2        = [Proto-Indo-Iranian](/source/Proto-Indo-Iranian_language)
| ancestor3        = [Proto-Nuristani](/source/Proto-Nuristani_language)
|iso3= none
|iso3comment=(included in [[iso639-3:nli|[nli]]])
|glotto=zemi1238
|glottorefname= Zemiaki
|notice=Indic
}}
'''Zemiaki'''  is a [Nuristani language](/source/Nuristani_language) spoken by some 400–500 people in the [Kunar Province](/source/Kunar_Province) of [Afghanistan](/source/Afghanistan).{{sfn|Grünberg|1999|p=123}}

It is named after the settlement in which it is spoken, from the [Pashto](/source/Pashto) {{lang|ps-Latn|Zemyaki žə́ba}} "language of Zemyaki", the native equivalent being ''J̌amlām-am bašā''. It is closely related to [Nuristani Kalasha](/source/Waigali_language), and ancestors of the Zemyakis were, according to local tradition, Kalasha people who migrated into the area several centuries ago.{{sfn|Grünberg|1999|p=123}} The language spoken in the surrounding areas is Pashto, and it has been a source of a large number of [lexical borrowing](/source/lexical_borrowing)s, including several common [conjunctions](/source/conjunction_(grammar)).{{sfn|Grünberg|1999|pp=123, 125}}

There is no [grammatical gender](/source/grammatical_gender), but [number](/source/Grammatical_number) and [person](/source/Grammatical_person) are marked on the verb,{{sfn|Grünberg|1999|pp=124}} following a [split-ergative](/source/split-ergative) pattern of agreement.{{sfn|Grünberg|1999|pp=125}}

Zemiaki was formerly considered a dialect of [Grangali](/source/Nangalami_language), an [Indo-Aryan language](/source/Indo-Aryan_languages). However, its pronouns are characteristically Nuristani, with a close relationship to [Nuristani Kalasha](/source/Kalasha-ala), which is confirmed by local tradition.

== Vocabulary ==
===Pronouns===
{|class=wikitable
!colspan=2|Person
!Nominative
!Accusative
!Genitive
|-
!rowspan=2|1st
!sg.
|''ake''
|''ũ''
|''ūba'', ''umba''
|-
!pl.
|colspan=2|''ami''
|''amba''
|-
!rowspan=2|2nd
!sg.
|colspan=2|''tu''
|''tuba''
|-
!pl.
|''me''
|''ame''
|''amemba''
|}

===Numbers===
# ''yok''
# ''du''
# ''tre''
# ''-''
# ''-''
# ''-''
# ''-''
# ''-''
# ''-''
# ''doš''

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== Bibliography ==
*{{Cite book|last = Grünberg| first = A.L.| year = 1999| editor-last = Edelman| editor-first = D.I.|chapter = Zemiaki jazyk/dialekt| pages = 123–125|title = Jazyki mira: Dardskie i nuristanskie jazyki| place = Moscow| publisher = Indrik| isbn = 585759085X|language = Russian}}

{{Nuristani languages}}
{{Languages of Afghanistan}}

Category:Nuristani languages
Category:Kunar Province

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Zemiaki language](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zemiaki_language) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zemiaki_language?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.