# Yuval Ne'eman > Mediated Wiki article. Canonical URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Yuval_Ne'eman > Markdown URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Yuval_Ne'eman.md > Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuval_Ne'eman > Source revision: 1356990337 > License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/) {{Short description|Israeli scientist}} {{Infobox officeholder | name = Yuval Ne'eman | native_name = {{Nobold|{{Script/Hebrew|יובל נאמן‎}}}} | native_name_lang = he | image = Yuval Ne'eman (00340473).jpg | office = [Leader of the Opposition](/source/Leader_of_the_Opposition_(Israel)) | term_label = De facto | term_start = 13 September 1984 | term_end = 22 December 1988 | prime_minister = [Shimon Peres](/source/Shimon_Peres)
[Yitzhak Shamir](/source/Yitzhak_Shamir) | predecessor = Shimon Peres | successor = [Shulamit Aloni](/source/Shulamit_Aloni) | office1 = Ministerial roles | suboffice1 = {{nowrap|[Minister of Science & Development](/source/Science%2C_Culture_and_Sport_Minister_of_Israel)}} | subterm1 = 1982–1984 | suboffice2 = [Minister of Science & Technology](/source/Science%2C_Culture_and_Sport_Minister_of_Israel) | subterm2 = 1990–1992 | suboffice3 = [Minister of Energy & Infrastructure](/source/National_Infrastructure_Minister_of_Israel) | subterm3 = 1990–1992 | office4 = Faction represented in the [Knesset](/source/Knesset) | suboffice4 = [Tehiya](/source/Tehiya) | subterm4 = 1981–1992 | birth_date = {{birth date|1925|5|14|df=y}} | birth_place = [Tel Aviv](/source/Tel_Aviv), [Mandatory Palestine](/source/Mandatory_Palestine) | death_date = {{death date and age|2006|4|26|1925|5|14|df=y}} | death_place = [Tel Aviv](/source/Tel_Aviv), [Israel](/source/Israel) | alma_mater = [Technion – Israel Institute of Technology](/source/Technion_%E2%80%93_Israel_Institute_of_Technology) }} '''Yuval Ne'eman''' ({{langx|he|יובל נאמן}}{{lrm}}; 14 May 1925 – 26 April 2006) was an Israeli [theoretical](/source/Theoretical_physics) [physicist](/source/physicist), military scientist, and politician. He was [Minister of Science and Development](/source/Ministry_of_Science%2C_Technology_and_Space) in the 1980s and early 1990s.[http://physicaplus.org.il/zope/home/en/1124811264/memorial_neeman_en "In Remembrance of Yuval Ne'eman"] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071007191318/http://physicaplus.org.il/zope/home/en/1124811264/memorial_neeman_en |date=October 7, 2007 }}, Teddy Ne'eman (son of Yuval Ne'eman), PhysicaPlus (פיזיקהפלוס), online magazine of the Israel Physical Society, Issue No. 7 He was the President of [Tel Aviv University](/source/Tel_Aviv_University) from 1971 to 1977. He was awarded the [Israel Prize](/source/Israel_Prize) in the field of exact sciences (which he returned in 1992 in protest of the award of the Israel Prize to [Emile Habibi](/source/Emile_Habibi)), the [Albert Einstein Award](/source/Albert_Einstein_Award), the [Wigner Medal](/source/Wigner_Medal), and the [EMET Prize](/source/EMET_Prize) for Arts, Sciences and Culture. ==Biography== Yuval Ne'eman was born in [Tel Aviv](/source/Tel_Aviv){{cite web |last=Watson |first=Andrew |url=http://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/2006/04/26-01.html |title=Yuval Ne'eman Dies at 80 - ScienceNOW |publisher=sciencemag.org |access-date=27 August 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120314192308/http://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/2006/04/26-01.html |archive-date=14 March 2012 }} during the [Mandate era](/source/Mandatory_Palestine), graduated from high school at the age of 15, and studied [mechanical engineering](/source/mechanical_engineering) at the [Technion](/source/Technion). At the age of 15, Ne'eman also joined the [Haganah](/source/Haganah). During the [1948 Arab-Israeli War](/source/1948_Arab-Israeli_War) Ne'eman served in the [Israel Defense Forces](/source/Israel_Defense_Forces) (IDF) as battalion deputy commander, then as Operations Officer of Tel Aviv, and commander of [Givati Brigade](/source/Givati_Brigade). Later (1952–54) he served as Deputy Commander of Operations Department of General Staff, Commander of the Planning Department of the IDF. In this role, he helped organize the IDF into a [reservist](/source/reservist)-based army, developed the mobilization system, and wrote the first draft of Israel's defense doctrine. Between 1958 and 1960 Ne'eman was IDF Attaché in Great Britain, where he also studied for a PhD in [physics](/source/physics) under the supervision of [1979 Nobel Prize in Physics winner](/source/List_of_Nobel_laureates_in_Physics) [Abdus Salam](/source/Abdus_Salam) at [Imperial College London](/source/Imperial_College_London). In 1961, he was demobilized from the IDF with a rank of [colonel](/source/colonel). In 1981, Ne'eman became a founding member of the [World Cultural Council](/source/World_Cultural_Council).{{cite web | title = About Us | publisher = [World Cultural Council](/source/World_Cultural_Council) | url = http://www.consejoculturalmundial.org/about-us/ | access-date = November 8, 2016 | archive-date = June 29, 2019 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190629135114/https://www.consejoculturalmundial.org/about-us/ | url-status = dead }} Between 1998 and 2002 Ne'eman was the head of the Israeli Engineer Association.{{cite web|url=http://www.engineers.org.il/Index.asp?ArticleID%3D1836%26CategoryID%3D1106%26Page%3D1 |title=מהנדסים, אדריכלים, אקדמאים במקצועות טכנולוגיים. |access-date=November 8, 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141108164046/http://www.engineers.org.il/Index.asp?ArticleID=1836&CategoryID=1106&Page=1 |archive-date=November 8, 2014 }}{{cite web | url=http://www.hayadan.org.il/neemangalileo_081 | title=יובל נאמן בן 80 - הראיון האחרון. פורסם בגלילאו, מאי 2005| date=2006-05-31}} He died at age 80, on 26 April 2006 in the [Ichilov Hospital](/source/Tel_Aviv_Sourasky_Medical_Center), Tel Aviv, from a stroke.{{cite news |url=https://www.haaretz.com/news/professor-veteran-politician-yuval-ne-eman-dies-at-81-1.186147 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121103051433/http://www.haaretz.com/news/professor-veteran-politician-yuval-ne-eman-dies-at-81-1.186147 |url-status=dead |archive-date=November 3, 2012 |title=Professor, veteran politician Yuval Ne'eman dies at 81 |newspaper=Haaretz |author=Nadav Shragai |date=26 April 2006 |access-date=27 August 2011}} He was survived by a wife, Dvora; a son and a daughter; and a sister, {{ill|Ruth Ben-Yisrael|he|רות בן-ישראל}} (1931-2020). ==Scientific career== One of his greatest achievements in physics was his 1961 discovery of the classification of [hadron](/source/hadron)s through the [SU(3)](/source/SU(3)) [flavour symmetry](/source/flavour_symmetry), now named the ''[Eightfold Way](/source/Eightfold_Way_(physics))'', which was also proposed independently by [Murray Gell-Mann](/source/Murray_Gell-Mann). This SU(3) symmetry laid the foundation of the [quark model](/source/quark_model), independently proposed by Gell-Mann and [George Zweig](/source/George_Zweig) in 1964. [[File:École de Physique des Houches (Les Houches Physics School) main lecture hall 1972.jpg|thumb|240px|Discussion in the main lecture hall at the [École de Physique des Houches](/source/%C3%89cole_de_Physique_des_Houches) (Les Houches Physics School), 1972. From left, Yuval Ne'eman, [Bryce DeWitt](/source/Bryce_DeWitt), [Kip Thorne](/source/Kip_Thorne).]] Ne'eman was founder and director of the School of Physics and Astronomy at [Tel Aviv University](/source/Tel_Aviv_University) from 1965 to 1972, President of Tel Aviv University from 1971 to 1977 (following [George S. Wise](/source/George_S._Wise), and succeeded by [Haim Ben-Shahar](/source/Haim_Ben-Shahar)),{{cite web|author=Basch_Interactive |url=https://english.tau.ac.il/list_of_presidents |title=Presidents of Tel Aviv University | Tel Aviv University | Tel Aviv University |publisher=English.tau.ac.il |date=1980-01-01 |access-date=2020-02-11}} and director of its Sackler Institute of Advanced Studies from 1979 to 1997. He was also the co-director (along with [George Sudarshan](/source/George_Sudarshan)) of the Center for Particle Theory at the [University of Texas, Austin](/source/University_of_Texas%2C_Austin) from 1968 to 1990. He was a strong believer in the importance of space research and satellites to Israel's economic future and security, and thus founded the [Israel Space Agency](/source/Israel_Space_Agency) in 1983, which he chaired almost until his death. He also served on the [Israel Atomic Energy Commission](/source/Israel_Atomic_Energy_Commission) from 1965 to 1984 and held the position of scientific director in its [Soreq](/source/Soreq_Nuclear_Research_Center) facility. Nee'man was chief scientist of the Defense Ministry from 1974 to 1976. He was described as "one of the most colorful figures of modern science"Yuval Ne'eman Dies at 80 – Watson 2006 (426): 1. ScienceNOW and co-authored ''The Particle Hunters'', which was published in English in 1986. ''[The Times](/source/The_Times) Literary Supplement'' hailed this book as "the best guide to quantum physics at present available".{{cite news |author=Lawrence Joffe |url=https://www.theguardian.com/science/2006/may/15/obituaries.guardianobituaries |title=Obituary: Yuval Ne'eman | Science |newspaper=The Guardian |date= 14 May 2006|access-date=27 August 2011 |location=London}} ==Political career== In the late 1970s, Ne'eman founded [Tehiya](/source/Tehiya), a [right-wing](/source/Right_wing_politics) breakaway from [Likud](/source/Likud), formed in opposition to [Menachem Begin](/source/Menachem_Begin)'s support for the [Camp David talks](/source/Camp_David_Accords_(1978)) that paved the way for peace with [Egypt](/source/Egypt) and the evacuation of [Yamit](/source/Yamit). He was elected to the [Knesset](/source/Knesset) in the [1981 elections](/source/1981_Israeli_legislative_election) in which Tehiya won three seats. The party joined Begin's coalition about a year after the elections and Ne'eman was appointed [Minister of Science and Development](/source/Science%2C_Culture_and_Sport_Minister_of_Israel), the role later changed to Minister of Science and Technology. He retained his seat in the [1984 elections](/source/1984_Israeli_legislative_election), but Tehiya were not included in the grand coalition formed by the [Alignment](/source/Alignment_(political_party)) and [Likud](/source/Likud). After the [1988 elections](/source/1988_Israeli_legislative_election), Tehiya were again excluded from the governing coalition. Ne'eman resigned from the Knesset on 31 January 1990 and was replaced by [Gershon Shafat](/source/Gershon_Shafat). However, Tehiya joined the government in June after the Alignment had left, and he was appointed [Minister of Energy and Infrastructure](/source/National_Infrastructure_Minister_of_Israel) and Minister of Science and Technology despite not retaking his seat in the Knesset. He lost his ministerial position following the [1992 elections](/source/1992_Israeli_legislative_election) and did not return to politics. ==Awards and recognition== *In 1969, Ne'eman received the [Israel Prize](/source/Israel_Prize){{cite web|url=http://www.utexas.edu/faculty/council/2008-2009/memorials/neeman.html |title=Yuval Ne'eman |publisher=Utexas.edu |access-date=27 August 2011}} in the field of exact sciences (which he returned in 1992 in protest of the award of the Israel Prize to [Emile Habibi](/source/Emile_Habibi)). *In 1970, he received the [Albert Einstein Award](/source/Albert_Einstein_Award) for his unique contribution in the field of physics. *In 1972, he was elected to the [National Academy of Sciences](/source/National_Academy_of_Sciences). *In 1984, he received the [Wigner Medal](/source/Wigner_Medal), which is awarded every 2 years for "outstanding contributions to the understanding of physics through group theory." *In 2003, he received the [EMET Prize](/source/EMET_Prize) for Arts, Sciences and Culture for his pioneering contribution in the deciphering of the atomic nucleus and its components, and for his enormous scientific contribution to the development of sub-atomic physics in Israel. He was also awarded with the College de France Medal and the Officer's Cross of the French Order of Merit (Paris, 1972), the Wigner Medal (Istanbul-Austin, 1982), Birla Science Award (Hyderabad, 1998) and additional prizes and honorary doctorates from universities in Europe and USA.[https://www.science.co.il/people/Yuval-Neeman/ Yuval Neeman] Israel Science and Technology ==See also== *[List of Israel Prize recipients](/source/List_of_Israel_Prize_recipients) ==References== {{reflist}} ==External links== *{{Commons category inline}} *{{MKlink|id=515}} * [http://fr.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?cid=1145961234977&pagename=JPost/JPArticle/ShowFull Jerusalem Post obituary]{{dead link|date=July 2016 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * [http://inspirehep.net/search?p=find+a+neeman,y Yuval Ne'eman's papers in the INSPIRE-HEP database] * [http://www.jinfo.org/Physicists.html Jewish Physicists list] {{Opposition leaders (Israel)}} {{Israeli National Infrastructure Ministers}} {{Israeli Science, Culture and Sport Ministers}} {{Founding members of the World Cultural Council}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Neeman, Yuval}} Category:1925 births Category:2006 deaths Category:Scientists from Tel Aviv Category:Jews from Mandatory Palestine Category:Herzliya Hebrew Gymnasium alumni Category:Technion – Israel Institute of Technology alumni Category:Haganah members Category:Israeli soldiers Category:Presidents of universities in Israel Category:Particle physicists Category:Israeli physicists Category:Israeli nuclear physicists Category:Academic staff of Tel Aviv University Category:Israel Prize in exact science recipients Category:Israel Prize in exact science recipients who were physicists Category:EMET Prize recipients in the Exact Sciences Category:Members of the Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities Category:Foreign associates of the National Academy of Sciences Category:Tehiya leaders Category:Founding members of the World Cultural Council Category:Space program of Israel Category:Jewish physicists Category:Jewish Israeli politicians Category:Members of the 10th Knesset (1981–1984) Category:Members of the 11th Knesset (1984–1988) Category:Members of the 12th Knesset (1988–1992) Category:Fellows of the American Physical Society Category:Burials at Trumpeldor Cemetery Category:Leaders of the opposition (Israel) Category:Ministers of energy of Israel Category:Ministers of infrastructure of Israel Category:Ministers of science of Israel Category:Israeli atheists Category:Jewish atheists Category:Israeli Ashkenazi Jews Category:Weizmann Prize recipients --- Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Yuval Ne'eman](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuval_Ne'eman) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuval_Ne'eman?action=history)). 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