# Yuruna languages

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The **Yuruna languages** (or **Jurúna languages**[1]) of [Brazil](/source/Brazil) form a branch of the [Tupian](/source/Tupian_languages) language family.

They are [Jurúna](/source/Jur%C3%BAna_language), [Maritsauá](/source/Maritsau%C3%A1_language), and [Xipaya](/source/Xipaya_language).

## Varieties

Below is a list of Yuruna language varieties listed by [Loukotka](/source/%C4%8Cestm%C3%ADr_Loukotka) (1968), including names of unattested varieties.[2]

- **[Yuruna](/source/Juruna_language)** / **Paru-podeari** - spoken on the middle course of the [Xingú River](/source/Xing%C3%BA_River).
- **Arupai** / **Urupaya** - once spoken on the [Xingú River](/source/Xing%C3%BA_River) south of the Yuruna tribe. (Unattested.)
- **[Shipaya](/source/Xipaya_language)** / **Achipaya** / **Jacipoya** - once spoken on the [Iriri River](/source/Iriri_River) and [Curua River](/source/Curu%C3%A1_River_(Amazon_River)), now probably extinct.
- **[Manitsauá](/source/Maritsau%C3%A1_language)** / **Mantizula** - spoken in a single village on the [Manissauá-Miçu River](/source/Manissau%C3%A1-Mi%C3%A7u_River), tributary of the [Xingú River](/source/Xing%C3%BA_River).

The [Instituto Socioambiental](/source/Instituto_Socioambiental) lists [Yudja](/source/Juruna_language) and the extinct Arupaia (Arupai), [Xipaia](/source/Xipaya_language), Peapaia, Aoku (not identified), and [Maritsawá](/source/Maritsau%C3%A1_language).[3]

## References

1. Carvalho, Fernando O. de. 2019. Revisitando o Proto-Jurúna: a reconstrução da série de oclusivas orais. In: Oliveira, Edna dos Santos; Eduardo A. Vasconcelos; Romário D. Sanches (eds.) *Estudos Linguísticos na Amazônia*. Campinas: Pontes Editores.

1. Loukotka, Čestmír (1968). [*Classification of South American Indian languages*](https://archive.org/details/classificationof0007louk). Los Angeles: UCLA Latin American Center.

1. ["Yudjá/Juruna - Indigenous Peoples in Brazil"](https://pib.socioambiental.org/en/Povo:Yudj%C3%A1/Juruna). *pib.socioambiental.org*. Retrieved 2025-07-09.

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Yuruna languages](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuruna_languages) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuruna_languages?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.