# Yellowthroat > Mediated Wiki article. Canonical URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Yellowthroat > Markdown URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Yellowthroat.md > Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yellowthroat > Source revision: 1339813945 > License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/) {{Short description|Genus of birds}} {{Automatic taxobox | name = Yellowthroats | image = Commonyellowthroat159.jpg | image_caption = Male common yellowthroat (''[Geothlypis trichas](/source/Geothlypis_trichas)'') | taxon = Geothlypis | authority = [Cabanis](/source/Jean_Cabanis), 1847 | type_species = ''[Trichas personatus](/source/Common_yellowthroat)''{{cite web |url= https://www.aviansystematics.org/4th-edition-checklist?viewfamilies=197 |title= Parulidae |author= |date= |website= aviansystematics.org |publisher= The Trust for Avian Systematics |access-date= 2023-07-16}} | type_species_authority = [Swainson](/source/William_Swainson), 1827
= ''Turdus trichas'' [Linnaeus](/source/Carl_Linnaeus), 1766 | subdivision_ranks = Species | subdivision = See text. }} thumb|right|Heads of ''Geothlypis'' taxa The '''yellowthroats''' are [New World warbler](/source/New_World_warbler)s in the genus '''''Geothlypis'''''. Most members of the group have localised ranges in [Mexico](/source/Mexico) and [Central America](/source/Central_America), but the [masked yellowthroat](/source/masked_yellowthroat) has an extensive [South America](/source/South_America)n distribution, while the [common yellowthroat](/source/common_yellowthroat) breeds over much of [North America](/source/North_America). ==Taxonomy== The genus ''Geothlypis'' was introduced in 1847 by the German ornithologist [Jean Cabanis](/source/Jean_Cabanis).{{ cite journal | last=Cabanis | first=Jean | author-link=Jean Cabanis | year=1847 | title=Ornithologische Notizen | language=German | journal=Archiv für Naturgeschichte | volume=13 | page=186-256; 308-352 [316, 349] | url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/7251398 }}{{ cite book | editor-last=Paynter | editor-first=Raymond A. Jr | year=1968 | title=Check-List of Birds of the World | volume=14 | publisher=Museum of Comparative Zoology | place=Cambridge, Massachusetts | page=38 | url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/14481239 }} This was a replacement name for ''Trichas'' that had been introduced in June 1827 by [William Swainson](/source/William_Swainson) but was pre-occupied by ''Trichas'' that had been introduced in March 1827 by [C. L. Gloger](/source/C._L._Gloger) for a genus in a different family. Swainson had introduced his genus to accommodate a single species, ''Tichas personatus'' Swainson. This is the [type species](/source/type_species) and is a [junior synonym](/source/junior_synonym) of ''Turdus trichas'' [Linnaeus](/source/Carl_Linnaeus), the [common yellowthroat](/source/common_yellowthroat).{{ cite journal | last=Swainson | first=William | author-link=William Swainson | date=June 1827 | title=A synopsis of the birds discovered in Mexico by W. Bullock, F.L.S. and Mr. William Bullock jun. | journal=Philosophical Magazine | series=New Series | volume=1 | pages=364–369, 433–442 [433] | url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/15530443}}{{ cite journal | last=Gloger | first=C.L. | author-link=C. L. Gloger | date=March 1827 | title=Etwas über einige ornithologische Gattungsbenennungen | journal=Notizen aus dem Gebiete der Natur- und Heilkunde | language=de | volume=16 | at=col. 275-280 [278] | url=https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/13026389 }} The genus name ''Geothlypis'' combines the [Ancient Greek](/source/Ancient_Greek) γεω-/''geō-'' meaning "ground-" or "earth-" with θλυπις/''thlupis'', an unknown small bird.{{ cite web | last=Jobling | first=James A. | title=Geothlypis | work=The Key to Scientific Names | url=https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/key-to-scientific-names/search?q=Geothlypis | publisher=Cornell Lab of Ornithology | access-date=8 September 2025 }} The taxonomy of these closely related species is complicated, and it is sometimes difficult to define which forms merit species status. For example, common yellowthroat, [Belding's yellowthroat](/source/Belding's_yellowthroat), [Altamira yellowthroat](/source/Altamira_yellowthroat), and [Bahama yellowthroat](/source/Bahama_yellowthroat) are sometimes considered conspecific. Conversely masked yellowthroat can be split to three or even four species. The name 'yellowthroat' is sometimes used as an alternate name for the [yellow-throated leaflove](/source/yellow-throated_leaflove).{{Cite web|url=http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?avibaseid=C73137EA19CC2ADC|title=Atimastillas flavicollis - Avibase|website=avibase.bsc-eoc.org|access-date=2017-04-17}} The geographical isolation of the various populations of this mainly sedentary group has led to its genetic divergence and speciation. This process can be seen in action in the case of masked yellowthroat, where the subspecies are separated by rainforest or the [Andes](/source/Andes), leading to the development of distinctive forms, such as the Central American race ''Geothlypis aequinoctialis chiriquensis''. This form is found in the highlands of [Costa Rica](/source/Costa_Rica) and western [Panama](/source/Panama), and is separated by 1000 km from its South American cousins, from which it differs in size, appearance and vocalisations. The [Kentucky warbler](/source/Kentucky_warbler), [mourning warbler](/source/mourning_warbler), and [MacGillivray's warbler](/source/MacGillivray's_warbler), all previously thought to have been members of the genus ''[Oporornis](/source/Oporornis)'', have since been moved to ''Geothlypis''.{{cite journal |last1=Lovette |first1=Irby |last2=Pérez-Emán |first2=Jorge |last3=Sullivan |first3=John |last4=Banks |first4=Richard |last5=Fiorentino |first5=Isabella |last6=Córdoba-Córdoba |first6=Sergio |last7=Echeverry-Galvis |first7=María |last8=Barker |first8=F. |last9=Burns |first9=Kevin |last10=Klicka |first10=John |last11=Lanyon |first11=Scott |last12=Bermingham |first12=Eldredge |title=A comprehensive multilocus phylogeny for the wood-warblers and a revised classification of the Parulidae (Aves) |journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution |date=7 August 2010 |volume=57 |issue=2 |pages=753–770 |doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2010.07.018 |pmid=20696258 |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1055790310003179 |access-date=30 June 2020|url-access=subscription }} ==Description== All the yellowthroats have similar plumage, with yellow-green upperparts, yellow breast, and a mainly black bill. The adult male has a black facemask of variable extent, usually bordered above with a grey band. The female is similar, but lacks the black mask, and may be duller in plumage. ==Behaviour== The breeding habitat of these warblers is typically [marsh](/source/marsh)es and other wet areas with dense low vegetation. The eggs, two in most species, but up to five for common yellowthroat, are laid in a lined cup nest low in grass or rank vegetation. Yellowthroat are usually seen in pairs, and do not associate with other species. They are often [skulking](/source/%3Awikt%3Askulk), and feed on a range of [insect](/source/insect)s. ==Species== The genus contains 15 species.{{cite web| editor1-last=Gill | editor1-first=Frank | editor1-link=Frank Gill (ornithologist) | editor2-last=Donsker | editor2-first=David | editor3-last=Rasmussen | editor3-first=Pamela | editor3-link=Pamela C. Rasmussen | date=February 2025 | title=New World warblers, mitrospingid tanagers | work=IOC World Bird List Version 15.1 | url=https://www.worldbirdnames.org/bow/warblers/ | publisher=International Ornithologists' Union | access-date=9 September 2025 }} {| class="wikitable" |- ! Image !! Scientific name !! Common name !! Distribution |- |120px ||''Geothlypis trichas'' || [Common yellowthroat](/source/Common_yellowthroat) || southern Canada to central Mexico. |- |120px ||''Geothlypis beldingi'' || [Belding's yellowthroat](/source/Belding's_yellowthroat) || southern Baja California, Mexico. |- |120px ||''Geothlypis flavovelata'' ||[Altamira yellowthroat](/source/Altamira_yellowthroat) || Gulf slope of northeastern Mexico |- |120px ||''Geothlypis rostrata'' ||[Bahama yellowthroat](/source/Bahama_yellowthroat) || the Bahamas. |- |120px ||''Geothlypis semiflava'' || [Olive-crowned yellowthroat](/source/Olive-crowned_yellowthroat) || Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, and Panama. |- |120px ||''Geothlypis speciosa'' || [Black-polled yellowthroat](/source/Black-polled_yellowthroat) || central Mexico and the southwestern Mexican Plateau, in Guanajuato, Michoacán, and México State. |- | frameless|125x125px||''Geothlypis aequinoctialis'' || [Masked yellowthroat](/source/Masked_yellowthroat) || Venezuela and Colombia to n Amazonian Brazil and Trinidad |- |120px ||''Geothlypis chiriquensis'' || [Chiriqui yellowthroat](/source/Chiriqui_yellowthroat) || southwestern [Costa Rica](/source/Costa_Rica) to [Panama](/source/Panama) |- |120x120px||''Geothlypis auricularis'' || [Black-lored yellowthroat](/source/Black-lored_yellowthroat) || western [Ecuador](/source/Ecuador) to western [Peru](/source/Peru) |- |120px ||''Geothlypis velata'' || [Southern yellowthroat](/source/Southern_yellowthroat) || southeastern [Peru](/source/Peru), eastern [Bolivia](/source/Bolivia), and south Amazonian [Brazil](/source/Brazil) to [Argentina](/source/Argentina) and [Uruguay](/source/Uruguay) |- |120px ||''Geothlypis poliocephala'' || [Gray-crowned yellowthroat](/source/Gray-crowned_yellowthroat) || Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, and the United States. |- |120px||''Geothlypis nelsoni''|| [Hooded yellowthroat](/source/Hooded_yellowthroat) || Mexico north of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec. |- |120px ||''Geothlypis tolmiei'' ||[MacGillivray's warbler](/source/MacGillivray's_warbler) || western United States, and in boreal forests of west Canada. |- |120x120px||''Geothlypis philadelphia'' || [Mourning warbler](/source/Mourning_warbler) || southern Canada, the central and eastern United States, Belize, Bonaire, Puerto Rico, Guatemala, Panama, and other Central American Islands |- |120x120px|| ''Geothlypis formosa''||[Kentucky warbler](/source/Kentucky_warbler) || central and eastern United States, often ranging as far north as Wisconsin to Pennsylvania. |- |} ===References === {{Reflist}} * Curson, Quinn and Beadle, ''New World Warblers'' {{ISBN|0-7136-3932-6}} * Hilty, ''Birds of Venezuela'' {{ISBN|0-7136-6418-5}} * Stiles and Skutch, ''A guide to the birds of Costa Rica'' {{ISBN|0-8014-9600-4}} {{Passeroidea|E.|state=collapsed}} {{Taxonbar|from=Q923089}} {{Authority control}} Category:Geothlypis --- Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Yellowthroat](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yellowthroat) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yellowthroat?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.