# Yellow pages

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{{Short description|Telephone directory of businesses}}
{{About|telephone directories of businesses|the computer networking protocol|Network Information Service|other uses|Yellow Pages (disambiguation)}}
{{more citations needed|date=March 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2020}}
{{Use American English|date=July 2020}}
{{Infobox magazine
| italic title = no
| title = Yellow Pages
| image_file = Auckland Yellow pages.jpg
| caption = 2004 Yellow Pages for Auckland, New Zealand
| publisher = Various (United States), [Yell](/source/Yell_(company)) (United Kingdom); [Bell Canada](/source/Bell_Canada) (Canada), Directories Philippines Corporation (Philippines)
| category = [Business directory](/source/Business_directory)
| total_circulation = 
| circulation_year = 
| frequency = Yearly
| language = English
| based = Various
| founded = {{start date and age|1886}}
| founder = 
| editor = Various (United States),  [Yell](/source/Yell_(company)) (United Kingdom); [Yellow Pages Limited](/source/Yellow_Pages_Limited) (Canada), Directories Philippines Corporation (Philippines)
| editor_title = Parent
| firstdate = 1886
| lastdate = 2019 (United Kingdom)
| country = United States<br>United Kingdom<br>Australia<br>Canada<br>New Zealand<br>Philippines
| website = 
| issn = 
}}

The '''yellow pages''' are [telephone directories](/source/Telephone_directory) of [businesses](/source/business), organized by category rather than alphabetically by business name, in which [advertising](/source/advertising) is sold. The directories were originally printed on yellow paper, as opposed to [white pages](/source/Telephone_directory) where all telephone subscribers are listed alphabetically by name. The traditional term "yellow pages" is now also applied to [online directories](/source/Electronic_Yellow_Pages) of businesses.

In many countries, including Canada, the United Kingdom, Australia, and elsewhere, "Yellow Pages" (or any applicable local translations), as well as the "Walking Fingers" logo introduced in the 1970s by the [Bell System](/source/Bell_System)–era [AT&T](/source/AT%26T_Corporation), are registered [trademark](/source/trademark)s, though the owner varies from country to country, usually being held by the main national [telephone](/source/telephone) company (or a subsidiary or spinoff thereof).<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.yell.com/legal/home.html|title=Conditions of using our website|work=Yell.com|publisher=[Yell Limited](/source/Hibu) (UK)|access-date=2012-10-14|quote=We (Yell Limited or 'Yell') [...] legally own a wide range of intellectual property rights used in and relating to this website, including [...] the trademarks [...] Yellow Pages [...] and related logos...|archive-date=14 October 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121014151911/http://www.yell.com/legal/home.html|url-status=dead}} (Yell Limited is a subsidiary of [Hibu](/source/Hibu), which was spun off from [British Telecom](/source/British_Telecom).)</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://360.yellowpages.ca/files/Bogus_billing_EN_complete_19Mars.pdf|title=Beware of Fraudulent Participation|publisher=[Yellow Pages Group](/source/Yellow_Pages_Group)|access-date=2012-10-14|quote=But there's only one true Yellow Pages directory that carries the Yellow Pages brand and Walking Fingers & Design in Canada. Yellow Pages Group is the exclusive owner of these trademarks in the country.|archive-date=16 September 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120916222837/http://360.yellowpages.ca/files/Bogus_billing_EN_complete_19Mars.pdf|url-status=dead}} (Yellow Pages Group is a spin-off of [Bell Canada](/source/Bell_Canada).)</ref> However, in the United States, neither the name nor the logo was registered as trademarks by AT&T, and they are freely used by several publishers.

== History ==
The name and concept of "yellow pages" came about in 1883, when a printer in [Cheyenne, Wyoming](/source/Cheyenne%2C_Wyoming), working on a regular telephone directory, ran out of white paper so they used yellow paper instead.<ref>{{Cite news | url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/business/analysis-and-features/r-for-recovery-plan-yell-plots-digital-future-2285553.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220507/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/business/analysis-and-features/r-for-recovery-plan-yell-plots-digital-future-2285553.html |archive-date=7 May 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live | title=R for recovery plan? Yell plots digital future | work=The Independent| access-date=16 June 2011 | location=London | first=Nick | last=Clark | date=18 May 2011}}{{cbignore}}</ref> In 1886, [Reuben H. Donnelley](/source/DEX_One) created the first official Yellow Pages directory for the city of [Chicago](/source/Chicago).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thoughtco.com/history-of-the-telephone-alexander-graham-bell-1991380 |title=How the Telephone Was Invented|website=Famous Inventions.com |date=15 June 2010 |access-date=1 September 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://library.thinkquest.org/TQ0310441/odds/odds_main.html |title=Media * Matters * odds & ends |website=Library.ThinkQuest.org |access-date=1 October 2011 |archive-date=13 April 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120413052140/http://library.thinkquest.org/TQ0310441/odds/odds_main.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>

Today, the expression ''yellow pages'' is used globally in both [English-speaking](/source/English_language) and non-English speaking countries. In the United States, it refers to the category, while in some other countries it is a registered name and therefore a proper noun. The term ''Yellow Pages'' is not a registered name within the United States and is freely used by many companies. Telephone directories using the Internet domain name "yellowpages.''cc''" (where ''cc'' is the [ccTLD](/source/ccTLD)) exist in 75 countries.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.phonebookoftheworld.com/yellowpages.htm |title=Official Yellow Pages around the World|website=PhonebookOfTheWorld.com}}</ref> They are edited by many different phone companies and directory publishers, mostly independently.

A particular yellow pages is a print directory which provides an alphabetical listing of businesses within a specific geographical area (e.g. the Tampa Bay area), which are segregated under headings for similar types of businesses, such as plumbers. Traditionally, these directories have been published by the local phone company, but there are numerous independent directory publishers. Some yellow pages publishers focus on a particular demographic (e.g. Christian yellow pages or business pages).

Yellow pages directories are usually published annually and distributed for free to all residences and businesses within a given coverage area. The majority of listings are plain and in small black text. The yellow-pages publishers profit by selling advertising space or listings under each heading. Advertising may be sold by a direct sales force or by approved agencies (CMR's). Available advertising space varies among publishers and ranges from bold names up to four color twin page ads ("double trucks").

In the United States, the predominant yellow pages are [DEX One](/source/DEX_One)'s DEX, the [AT&T Real Yellow Pages](/source/YP_Holdings), [Yellowbook](/source/Hibu), and the Superpages.

thumb|Yellowbook Logo used in the United States

Business listings used for publication are obtained by several methods. Local phone companies that publish yellow pages directories rely on their own customer lists and include business listings that are provided by [incumbent local exchange carrier](/source/incumbent_local_exchange_carrier)s (ILECs).

Advertising in yellow pages directories requires payment in full prior to printing or may be billed monthly over the life of the contract, which is usually 12 months. Typically, sales representatives help customers to design their ads and provide a proof copy for review and approval.

Yellow pages' print usage is reported to be declining with both advertisers and shoppers increasingly turning to Internet search engines and online directories. According to a study by Knowledge Networks/SRI, in 2007, print yellow pages were referenced 13.4 billion times, while Internet yellow pages references increased to 3.8 billion, up from 2006's 3.3 billion online searches.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.marketwired.com/press-release/new-research-shows-overall-yellow-pages-usage-growing-172-billion-searches-in-2007-825649.htm|title=New Research Shows Overall Yellow Pages Usage Growing – 17.2 Billion Searches in 2007|work=Marketwire|access-date=9 January 2015|archive-date=28 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170528025450/http://www.marketwired.com/press-release/new-research-shows-overall-yellow-pages-usage-growing-172-billion-searches-in-2007-825649.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Archived yellow pages and telephone directories are important tools in local historical research and trademark litigation.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Brookman|first=Adam|title=Trademark Law: protection, enforcement, and licensing|year=2005|publisher=Aspen Law and Business|pages=10–34}}</ref>

== Logo ==
thumb|upright=0.5|Canadian yellow pages logo

The "Walking Fingers" logo was created by Henry Alexander,<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.robertpaulgalleries.com/level.itml/icOid/51 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020725210853/http://www.robertpaulgalleries.com/level.itml/icOid/51 |url-status=dead |archive-date=25 July 2002 |title=Henry Alexander Obituary |publisher=Robert Paul Galleries |access-date=1 November 2016 }}</ref> a New England artist. After graduating from the Swain School of Design in New Bedford, Massachusetts, Alexander began a freelance career as an illustrator and commercial designer. He formed a long association with the New England Telephone Company lasting thirty-one years. In 1962, he designed the "walking fingers" logo and within a year it became the national trademark for their yellow pages.

AT&T, the creator and owner of the most famous three-fingered version of the "Walking Fingers" logo, never applied for a trademark on the logo. While they eventually received a trademark on a different version of the logo, the version with the three fingers was not considered by AT&T to be proprietary and they in fact allowed any telephone directory to use it.<ref name="georgetownll">{{Cite web|url=http://www.ll.georgetown.edu/federal/judicial/fed/opinions/9_opinions/91-1461.html |title=Bellsouth v. Datanational |website=Ll.georgetown.edu |access-date=1 October 2011}}</ref> Throughout the 1970s, many television ads showed a disembodied hand "walking" across an open copy of the Yellow Pages, with the slogan "Let Your Fingers Do the Walking."

The Bell System later applied for a trademark on the logo but had its application denied on the grounds that it "had become a generic indicator of the yellow pages without regard to any particular source."<ref name="georgetownll" /> For a time in the late 1990s, the Yellow Pages Publishing Association began using a trademarkable logo with a lightbulb instead of the walking fingers (with the slogan "Get an idea") as part of an ad campaign featuring [Jon Lovitz](/source/Jon_Lovitz), intended to portray the Yellow Pages as a consumer resource that would give customers ideas as opposed to simply being a telephone directory; the end of these ads showed the walking fingers reaching down and grabbing a lightbulb from within the pages beneath.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Shore |first=Sandy |date=1998-12-13 |title=Yellow Pages Lighting Up a New Ad Logo, Slogan |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-dec-13-mn-53433-story.html |access-date=2023-12-17 |website=Los Angeles Times |language=en-US}}</ref> The walking fingers logo returned two years later.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.porticus.org/bell/bell_logos.html |title=Bell System Memorial- Bell Logo History |website=Porticus.org |access-date=1 October 2011 |archive-date=30 September 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110930051711/http://www.porticus.org/bell/bell_logos.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>

In some countries, the familiar "walking fingers" logo is not protected as a trademark and may be used by anyone. This logo is used in varying forms by almost every yellow pages publisher; however, there are companies that use it to imitate mainstream publishers.
In Belgium, the Republic of Ireland, Israel and the Netherlands the directory, although using the yellow pages logo, is called "Golden Pages".<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.d.co.il/?arena=Business&language=EN&page=Home&previousPage=Home |title=D Website |website=D.co.il |access-date=1 October 2011}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.goldenpages.ie/|title=goldenpages.ie - Golden Pages (Yellow Pages) Ireland|website=www.goldenpages.ie}}</ref>

== Internet yellow pages ==
Online business directories are branded as IYP or Internet yellow pages. On a broader scale, they can be classified as vertical directories. There are consumer oriented and business oriented varieties. Independent ad agencies or Internet marketing consultants can assist business owners in determining sound opportunities for yellow pages advertising and provide objective information on usage, possession and preferences.

According to several reports, the search term "yellow pages" was among the five highest revenue-generating search terms in Google's AdWords program in 2010. Experian/Hitwise reported in January 2011 that the search term "yellow pages" was one of the top 50 search terms across all search engines and all search terms (millions of search terms). This made "yellow pages" one of the most searched-for things on the Internet in 2011.

The Yellow Pages Association said in February 2011 that 75 percent of adults in the United States still used print yellow pages and that for every $1 in investment, businesses returned $15.<ref name="Graham">{{Cite news |last=Boyle |first=John |date=23 February 2018 |title=Answer Man Classic: Who wrote Billy Graham's 'My Answer' column? |url=https://www.citizen-times.com/story/news/local/2018/02/23/answer-man-classic-who-wrote-billy-grahams-my-answer-column/363025002/ |access-date=23 February 2018 |work=[Asheville Citizen-Times](/source/Asheville_Citizen-Times)}}</ref>

IYP offers listings differently from standard search engines. Where search engines return results based on relevance to the true search term, IYP returns results based on a geographic area.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.greenchair.net/articles/Local-Search-and-Internet-Yellow-Pages.htm |title=Local Search and Internet Yellow Pages – A Whole New vocabulary for Small Business Sales |website=Greenchair.net |access-date=1 October 2011 |archive-date=23 November 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101123123855/http://greenchair.net/articles/Local-Search-and-Internet-Yellow-Pages.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref>

IYP is classified as a [local search](/source/Local_search_(Internet)) directory which provides content with the added ability to refine the search to find the needed service. The search engine prioritizes local businesses in its results rather than the results being dominated by regional or national companies. All services offer paid advertising options which typically offer preferred placement on search results pages.

== Environmental concerns ==
In later years, the yellow pages industry faced scrutiny from environmentalist groups who claim printed yellow pages are a wasteful resource, citing statistics that by 2011 nearly 70% of all Americans rarely or never used printed phone directories.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Website Lets You Opt-Out of Yellow Pages Delivery|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/02/03/yellow-pages-opt-out-website_n_818050.html?ir=Green|work=The Huffington Post| first=Catharine|last=Smith|date=3 February 2011}}</ref> In other results, approximately 58% of working U.S. adults said they used phone books at home, work, or both, according to a 2013 survey by RingCentral that appeared in [USA Today](/source/USA_Today).<ref>{{Cite web|title=RingCentral in the News: PC Magazine, The Economist and More |url=http://www.ringcentral.com/us/en/blog/ringcentral-in-the-news-pc-magazine-the-economist-and-more/ |publisher=[RingCentral](/source/RingCentral) |date=19 April 2013}}</ref>

The Product Stewardship Institute claims local governments spend $54 million a year to dispose of unwanted phone books and $9 million to recycle them.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Phone Book Project|url=http://www.productstewardship.us/displaycommon.cfm?an=1&subarticlenbr=59|publisher=Product Stewardship Institute}}</ref> Phone books use low-grade glues and are therefore difficult to recycle, and they often clog recycling machinery.<ref>{{Cite web|title=How to Recycle Phone Books|url=https://earth911.com/recycling-guide/how-to-recycle-phone-books/|access-date=2021-10-27|website=Earth911|language=en-US}}</ref> Conversely, publishers note that phone book directories are 100% recyclable and are made using [soy-based](/source/Soy-based_ink) and non-toxic inks, glues, and dyes.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Thrive in Perpetuity: 2012 Sustainability Report |url=http://localsearchassociation.org/Resource.ashx?sn=n2012_Sustainability_Report |publisher=Local Search Association |date=23 April 2012 |access-date=10 September 2013 |archive-date=25 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221025035436/http://localsearchassociation.org/Resource.ashx?sn=n2012_Sustainability_Report |url-status=dead }}</ref>

In 2011, [San Francisco](/source/San_Francisco) became the first city in the United States to restrict yellow page distribution to people who opt in,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://news.consumerreports.org/money/2011/05/san-francisco-effectively-bans-the-yellow-pages.html|title=San Francisco effectively bans the Yellow Pages|access-date=11 November 2011|archive-date=12 September 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110912091332/http://news.consumerreports.org/money/2011/05/san-francisco-effectively-bans-the-yellow-pages.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> but was being sued in federal court by the Local Search Association on [freedom of speech](/source/Freedom_of_speech_in_the_United_States) grounds.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Phone Book Industry Takes S.F.'s Yellow Pages Ban to Federal Court|url=http://sfist.com/2011/09/01/phone_book_industry_really_wants_yo.php|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140912084724/http://sfist.com/2011/09/01/phone_book_industry_really_wants_yo.php|archive-date=12 September 2014}}</ref> According to the [Sierra Club](/source/Sierra_Club), 1.6 million phone books were distributed annually in San Francisco, producing 3,600 tons of waste, $1 million in disposal costs, and 6,180 metric tons of carbon dioxide emissions.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://sanfranciscobay.sierraclub.org/yellow-pages.htm|title=Sierra Club's position statement on yellow pages|access-date=11 November 2011|archive-date=10 November 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111110162423/http://www.sanfranciscobay.sierraclub.org/yellow-pages.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> In 2013, the [San Francisco Board of Supervisors](/source/San_Francisco_Board_of_Supervisors) passed, and the Mayor signed, an ordinance that repealed the Yellow Pages Distribution Pilot Program (Ordinance 130186).<ref>{{Cite web|title=Environment Code – Repealing Yellow Pages Distribution Pilot Program |url= http://sfgov.legistar.com/LegislationDetail.aspx?ID=1306733&GUID=ED2F3ED0-C4B1-4C34-88AB-FFC748595558&Options=ID |publisher=City and County of San Francisco Board of Supervisors |date=7 August 2013}}</ref>

Also in 2011, the [Yellow Pages Association](/source/Yellow_Pages_Association) and the [Association of Directory Publishers](/source/Association_of_Directory_Publishers) started the yellowpagesoptout.com Web site allowing anyone in the United States to choose not to receive directories. The site remains active as of 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-02-11 |title=Opt Out of Yellow Pages, White Pages & Phone Books Delivery, National Yellow Pages Opt Out Site |url=https://www.yellowpagesoptout.com/ |access-date=2025-02-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250211215057/https://www.yellowpagesoptout.com/ |archive-date=11 February 2025 }}</ref>

The 2009 [Environmental Protection Agency](/source/United_States_Environmental_Protection_Agency) (EPA) Municipal Solid Waste report classified directories as the smallest contributor of paper and [paperboard](/source/paperboard) products to the solid waste stream, representing only 0.3% – significantly less than all other paper product categories such as newspapers, magazines and books.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Municipal Solid Waste in the United States: 2009 Facts and Figures |url=http://www.epa.gov/osw/nonhaz/municipal/pubs/msw2009rpt.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110203065214/http://www.epa.gov/osw/nonhaz/municipal/pubs/msw2009rpt.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-date=3 February 2011 |publisher=U.S. Environmental Protection Agency |date=December 2010}}</ref> In 2010, the EPA stopped measuring directories separately from newspapers, indicating the minor impact of directories on municipal waste.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Municipal Solid Waste Generation, Recycling, and Disposal in the United States: Tables and Figures for 2010 |url=http://www.epa.gov/osw/nonhaz/municipal/pubs/2010_MSW_Tables_and_Figures_508.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120503141616/http://www.epa.gov/osw/nonhaz/municipal/pubs/2010_MSW_Tables_and_Figures_508.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-date=3 May 2012 |publisher=U.S. Environmental Protection Agency |date=December 2011}}</ref>

Yellow Pages publishers' paper usage declined by nearly 60% between 2007–2012, and were projected to continue declining through 2013, according to the Pulp and Paper Products Council.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Pulp and Paper Products Council |url= http://www.pppc.org/info/index.html}}</ref> The EPA's 2011 Municipal Waste report showed that approximately 73% of phone directory, newspaper, and mechanical papers were recycled.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Municipal Solid Waste in the United States: 2011 Facts and Figures |url=http://www.epa.gov/osw/nonhaz/municipal/pubs/MSWcharacterization_fnl_060713_2_rpt.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131102020014/http://www.epa.gov/osw/nonhaz/municipal/pubs/MSWcharacterization_fnl_060713_2_rpt.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-date=2 November 2013 |publisher=U.S. Environmental Protection Agency |date=May 2013}}</ref>

== Decline of print directories ==
In September 2017, [Yell](/source/Yell_(company)), the publisher of Yellow Pages in the United Kingdom, announced that the business would be fully digitized from January 2019, ending the publication's 51-year run.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Yellow Pages to stop printing from January 2019 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2017/sep/01/yellow-pages-to-stop-printing-from-january-2019 |work=The Guardian|date=September 2017}}</ref> The last UK copies were posted out on 18 January 2019.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thecourier.co.uk/fp/news/local/fife/808752/sign-of-the-times-as-final-yellow-pages-are-rolled-out/|title='Sign of the times' as final Yellow Pages are delivered|date=18 January 2019 }}</ref>

The Irish publisher of the [Golden Pages](/source/Golden_Pages) moved to an online-only model in 2017 after exiting [examinership](/source/examinership).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.irishexaminer.com/business/arid-30813432.html|title=Court agrees scheme which will allow Golden Pages publishers to exit examinership|date=9 November 2017|website=Irish Examiner}}</ref> The equivalent "Independent Directory" (similar to the UK's [Thomson Local](/source/Thomson_Local) directories) produced by [Independent News & Media](/source/Independent_News_%26_Media) ceased publication in 2009.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ilevel.ie/print/independent-directory-closure/|title=Independent Directory closure|date=11 December 2009|website=ilevel Media, Marketing and Development}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [Loren M. Berry](/source/Loren_M._Berry), a pioneer in the industry
* [Blue pages](/source/Blue_pages) – government-related counterpart
* [Electronic Yellow Pages](/source/Electronic_Yellow_Pages)
* [Telecommunications service](/source/Telecommunications_service)
* [Telephone directory](/source/Telephone_directory) (white pages) – residential, non-commercial counterpart of the yellow pages
* [Yellowikis](/source/Yellowikis)

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category|Yellow pages}}
{{Wiktionary}}
<!-- Please do not add specific examples of business directories here; such links will be removed. -->
* {{Cite web | url= http://ketupa.net/thomson2.htm |publisher= Ketupa |first= Kristi |last= Ridgeway |title= Thomson Group: Landmarks |work= Media Profiles | access-date= 15 February 2005 |url-status= dead |archive-date= 12 January 2016 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160112063135/http://ketupa.net/thomson2.htm |quote= <small><br />...1966 forms Thomson Yellow Pages...<br />...1980 sells Thomson Yellow Pages, forms Thomson Directories as joint venture with Dun & Bradstreet's RH Donnelley... </small>}}
* {{Cite web | url= http://www.yellgroup.com/english/aboutyell-yelluk-yellukhistory |title= Yell UK History |work= About |publisher= Yell Group | access-date= 15 February 2005 |url-status= dead |archive-date= 25 October 2006 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20061025141003/http://www.yellgroup.com/english/aboutyell-yelluk-yellukhistory}}
* {{Cite web | url= http://www.kcom.com/aboutus/ourhistory/ |title= Our History |publisher= Kingston Communications | access-date= 15 February 2005 |work= About Us |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20070713011418/http://www.kcom.com/aboutus/ourhistory/ <!-- verified OK, Oct 2016 --><!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archive-date = 13 July 2007}}

{{Authority control}}

Category:Yellow pages
Category:1880s neologisms
Category:1886 establishments in the United States
Category:19th-century inventions

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Yellow pages](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yellow_pages) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yellow_pages?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.