# Xymmer

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***Xymmer*** is a [genus](/source/Genus) of [ant](/source/Ant) in the [subfamily](/source/Subfamily) [Amblyoponinae](/source/Amblyoponinae) containing the three [species](/source/Species): *Xymmer muticus*,[1] *[Xymmer phungi](/source/Xymmer_phungi)*, and *Xymmer paniscus*.[2]

## Taxonomy

*Xymmer* was first described by [Felix Santschi](/source/Felix_Santschi) in 1914 as a [monotypic](/source/Monotypic) subgeneric taxon under *[Stigmatomma](/source/Stigmatomma)*.[3] Since Santschi's original description, *Xymmer* was raised to genus by Wheeler (1922) in his identification key for African [Amblyoponini](/source/Amblyoponini).[4] Clark (1934) regarded *Xymmer* as a [subgenus](/source/Subgenus) in *[Amblyopone](/source/Amblyopone)*[5] following Wheeler's suggestion;[6] however, distinguishing characters were not discussed in their treatments. Brown (1949, 1960)[7][8] discussed separable characters for *Xymmer* (as a [junior synonym](/source/Junior_synonym) under the subgenus *Stigmatomma*) for the first time since Santschi's original description. Brown regarded *Stigmatomma* and its related names as junior synonyms of *Amblyopone* at that time. *Xymmer* was resurrected to its current placement as an independent genus from [synonymy](/source/Synonym_(taxonomy)) with *Amblyopone* based on a morphological examination by Yoshimura & Fisher (2012).[9]

## References

1. ["Genus: Xymmer"](http://www.antweb.org/description.do?name=Xymmer&rank=genus&project=allantwebants). *[AntWeb](/source/AntWeb)*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20130922220618/http://www.antweb.org/description.do?name=Xymmer&rank=genus&project=allantwebants) 22 September 2013 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 21 September 2013.

1. Hamer, Matthew T.; GóMez, Kiko; Jocque, Merlijn (18 June 2025). ["A new Xymmer Santschi, 1914 (Formicidae: Amblyoponinae) species from the Congo Basin, with male and female descriptions of X. muticus (Santschi, 1914)"](https://mapress.com/zt/article/view/zootaxa.5647.5.7). *[Zootaxa](/source/Zootaxa)*. **5647** (5): 479–495. [doi:10.11646/zootaxa.5647.5.7](https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5647.5.7). [ISSN 1175-5334](https://www.worldcat.org/issn/1175-5334). Retrieved 29 August 2025.

1. Santschi F (1914). "Formicides de l'Afrique occidentale et australe du voyage de M. le Professeur F. Silvestri". *Boll Lab Zool Gen Agrar Fac Agrar Portici 8*

1. Wheeler WM (1922). "Ants of the American Museum Congo expedition. A contribution to the myrmecology of Africa. VII. Keys to the genera and subgenera of ants". *Bull Am Mus Nat Hist*. **45**: 631–710.

1. Clark J (1934). "New Australian ants". *Mem Natl Mus Vic*. **8**: 21–47. [doi:10.24199/j.mmv.1934.8.02](https://doi.org/10.24199/j.mmv.1934.8.02)

1. Wheeler, William Morton (1927). ["Ants of the Genus Amblyopone Erichson"](https://zenodo.org/record/25206). *Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences*. **62** (1): 1–29. [doi:10.2307/25130101](https://doi.org/10.2307/25130101). [JSTOR 25130101](https://www.jstor.org/stable/25130101)

1. Brown WL (1949). ["A New American Amblyopone, With Notes on the Genus (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)"](https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/partpdf/181499). *Psyche: A Journal of Entomology*. **56** (2): 81–88. [doi:10.1155/1949/67378](https://doi.org/10.1155/1949/67378)

1. Brown WL Jr (1960). "Contributions toward a reclassification of the Formicidae. III. Tribe Amblyoponini (Hymenoptera)". *Bull Mus Comp Zool*. **122**: 143–230.

1. Yoshimura M, Fisher BL (2012). "A Revision of Male Ants of the Malagasy Amblyoponinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with Resurrections of the Genera Stigmatomma and Xymmer". *PLOS ONE*. **7** (3). [Bibcode:2012PLoSO...733325Y](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012PLoSO...733325Y). [doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0033325](https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0033325). [PMC 3320654](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3320654). [PMID 22496722](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22496722)

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Xymmer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xymmer) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xymmer?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.