# Xu Yingkui

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Qing dynasty politician (1830–1903)

In this [Chinese name](/source/Chinese_name), the [family name](/source/Chinese_surname) is *[Xu](/source/Xu_(surname_%E8%A8%B1))*.

Xu Yingkui

First-rank court official[1] **Xu Yingkui** ([Chinese](/source/Traditional_Chinese_characters): 許應騤; [Wade–Giles](/source/Wade%E2%80%93Giles): ***Hsu Ying-k'uei***, 1830–1903[2][3]), courtesy names **Jun'an** (筠庵) and **Changde** (昌德), was a 19th-century [Qing dynasty](/source/Qing_dynasty) politician who served as [Viceroy of Min-Zhe](/source/Viceroy_of_Min-Zhe), Governor of [Fuzhou](/source/Fuzhou) and General of [Fujian](/source/Fujian) from 1898 to 1903.[4][5] He was one of the two Chinese representatives who signed the [Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory](/source/Convention_for_the_Extension_of_Hong_Kong_Territory), the other being [Li Hongzhang](/source/Li_Hongzhang).[6] During [Kang Youwei](/source/Kang_Youwei)'s [Hundred Days' Reform](/source/Hundred_Days'_Reform), Xu opposed the reform and personally filed a complaint against Kang's conduct and political orientations.[7]

## Family

[Antithetical couplet](/source/Antithetical_couplet) by Xu Yingkui as a gift for his friend

Xu was born in a prestigious gentry family from [Guangzhou](/source/Guangzhou), [Guangdong](/source/Guangdong) province, historically Panyu county of Guangzhou prefecture.[4][8] His grandfather [Xu Baiting](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Xu_Baiting&action=edit&redlink=1) was a salt trader who acquired the status of [gentry](/source/Scholar-official) with the grace of the [Jiaqing Emperor](/source/Jiaqing_Emperor). His uncle [Xu Xiangguang](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Xu_Xiangguang&action=edit&redlink=1) supported and financed Hong Kong's military resistance against the British empire as well as the construction of [Kowloon Walled City](/source/Kowloon_Walled_City).[1][9]

Hong Kong actor [Benz Hui](/source/Benz_Hui) was one of Xu Yingkui's great grandsons.[10]

## Viceroy of Min-Zhe

During the [Boxer Rebellion](/source/Boxer_Rebellion), Xu was the viceroy of Minzhe. Xu, along with Li Hongzhang, viceroy of Liangguang, [Liu Kunyi](/source/Liu_Kunyi), viceroy of Liangjiang, [Zhang Zhidong](/source/Zhang_Zhidong), viceroy of Huguang, [Sheng Xuanhuai](/source/Sheng_Xuanhuai), director of the [Court of Judicature and Revision](/source/Court_of_Judicature_and_Revision), and [Yuan Shikai](/source/Yuan_Shikai), governor of [Shandong](/source/Shandong), signed the [Mutual Protection of Southeast China](/source/Mutual_Protection_of_Southeast_China) agreement, openly defying the proclamation of war declared by the imperial court in Beijing against Britain, the United States, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, and Russia, with the aim of preserving peace in their provinces.[11]

As a viceroy, Xu Yingkui was aware of the weaknesses of China when it faces the outer world. He accepted the suggestion of an American diplomat and established the [Gulangyu](/source/Gulangyu) International Settlement. Under the circumstances of a potential Japanese occupation of the island of Gulangyu, Xu started negotiations with the British who were interested in the military value of Gulangyu. To counterbalance the Japanese, Xu was willing to yield the island as an international public settlement. The British government wanted complete separation of the island from Chinese administration, whereas China hoped to maintain nominal sovereignty of the island. The disagreement was eventually taken to the viceroy. Xu waived the sovereignty conditionally, obliging every country which partook in the settlement to provide military protection for the city of [Xiamen](/source/Xiamen). The Qing imperial court reviewed his proposal and deleted the article concerning Xiamen, fearing it would open the gates of Xiamen to the foreign powers. On 10 January 1902, the constitution of Gulangyu International Settlement was signed by China, Japan, Britain, the U.S., Germany, France, Spain, Netherlands, Sweden and Norway.[5]

After his retirement, Xu intended to construct a large and luxurious private garden in Guangzhou but died before the plan was carried out.[12]

## References

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-:2_1-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-:2_1-1) ["Virtuous heritage: Xu family of Guangzhou Mandarins, Revolutionaires, Educators and Scientists"](https://web.archive.org/web/20180527201943/http://www.umag.hku.hk/en/exhibition_detail.php?id=433244). *University of Hongkong*. Archived from [the original](http://www.umag.hku.hk/en/exhibition_detail.php?id=433244) on 27 May 2018. Retrieved 27 May 2018.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-2)** Chen, Huangshun (2017). [*被誤認的老照片*](https://books.google.com/books?id=Wr41DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA56). Hongkong: 香港中和出版有限公司. p. 56. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [9789888466030](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789888466030).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-3)** Elman, Benjamin, ed. (2014). [*Science and Technology in Modern China, 1880s-1940s*](https://books.google.com/books?id=AUoJAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA346) (reprint ed.). BRILL. p. 346. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [9789004268784](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789004268784).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-:0_4-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-:0_4-1) ["許應騤 基本資料"](https://web.archive.org/web/20190608134624/http://npmhost.npm.gov.tw/ttscgi2/ttsquery?0:0:npmauac:TM%3D%B3%5C%C0%B3%F3%B8). *National Palace Museum*. Archived from [the original](http://npmhost.npm.gov.tw/ttscgi2/ttsquery?0:0:npmauac:TM%3D%B3%5C%C0%B3%F3%B8) on 8 June 2019. Retrieved 26 May 2018.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-:1_5-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-:1_5-1) Xiong, Qiuliang; Li, Yu (November 2014). ["从 三 都 澳 到 鼓 浪 屿———闽浙总督许应骙涉外政务观考论"](https://web.archive.org/web/20180527023833/http://fass.net.cn/xs/5596.html). *Fujian Academy of Social Sciences*. Archived from [the original](http://fass.net.cn/xs/5596.html) on 27 May 2018. Retrieved 26 May 2018.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-6)** Liu, ShuYong (2016). [*簡明香港史（第三版）*](https://books.google.com/books?id=VJbsDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA35). Hongkong: Joint Publishing (Hong Kong). p. 35. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [9789620440168](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789620440168).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-7)** Chen, Gonglu (2017). [*中國近代史*](https://books.google.com/books?id=Zr41DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA371). Hongkong: 香港中和出版有限公司. pp. 371–372. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [9789888466184](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789888466184).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-8)** ["「近代廣州第一家族」故事將亮相香港許氏文物展呈現家國夢"](https://web.archive.org/web/20180527023133/http://news.singtao.ca/toronto/2011-11-26/china1322299970d3562012.html). *Sing Tao Daily*. 26 November 2011. Archived from [the original](http://news.singtao.ca/toronto/2011-11-26/china1322299970d3562012.html) on 27 May 2018. Retrieved 26 May 2018.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-9)** ["廣州第一家族望收復"失地""](http://www.mediachinese.com/node/42307). *Ming Pao*. 20 November 2011. Retrieved 26 May 2018.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-10)** ["Benz Hui, 76, passes away; TVB veteran from prominent family"](https://www.thestandard.com.hk/hk-and-china-showbiz/article/315296/Benz-Hui-76-passes-away-TVB-veteran-from-prominent-family). *The Standard*. 28 October 2025.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-11)** Shen, Jia (2012). [*日光之下:蘇慧廉和他的時代*](https://books.google.com/books?id=-kAYtGDkMEwC&q=%E8%A8%B1%E6%87%89%E9%A8%A4+%E4%B8%9C%E5%8D%97). 新銳文創. p. 168. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [9789865915261](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789865915261).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-12)** Li, Tingxian, ed. (1992). [*廣州高第街許氏家族*](https://books.google.com/books?id=vO27AAAAIAAJ&q=%E5%B9%BF%E5%B7%9E%E5%90%8E%E4%B9%90%E5%9B%AD). Guangzhou: People's publishing house of Guangdong. p. 7. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [7-218-00993-X](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/7-218-00993-X).

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Xu Yingkui](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xu_Yingkui) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xu_Yingkui?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.