# Xitun Formation

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> Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xitun_Formation
> Source revision: 1340716660
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{{Short description|Geological formation in Yunnan, China}}
{{Infobox rockunit
| name           = Xitun Formation
| image          =
| caption        =
| type           = [Geological formation](/source/Geological_formation)
| age            = {{fossil range|Lochkovian|Lochkovian|Early [Devonian](/source/Devonian) ([Lochkovian](/source/Lochkovian))}}
| period         = Devonian
| prilithology   = Calciferous [mudstone](/source/mudstone)s<ref name=":0" />
| otherlithology =
| namedfor       = Xitun village
| namedby        =
| region         = [Yunnan Province](/source/Yunnan_Province)
| country        = [China](/source/China)
| coordinates    = 25°29.853'N and 103°46.309'E<ref name=":0" />
| unitof         = [Cuifengshan Group](/source/Cuifengshan_Group)<ref name=":6" />
| subunits       =
| underlies      = [Guijiatun Formation](/source/Guijiatun_Formation)<ref name=":0" />
| overlies       = [Xiaxishancun Formation](/source/Xiaxishancun_Formation)<ref name=":0" />
| thickness      =
| extent         = [Qujing](/source/Qujing)
| area           =
| map            = 
| map_caption    =
}}

The '''Xitun Formation''' is a [palaeontological](/source/paleontology) formation which is named after Xitun village in [Qujing](/source/Qujing), a location in [South China](/source/Northern_and_southern_China). This formation includes many remains of fossilized fish and plants of the [Early Devonian](/source/Early_Devonian) [period](/source/Geologic_period) (Late [Lochkovian](/source/Lochkovian)).<ref name=":6">{{Cite journal |last=Zhu |first=Min |date=1996-01-01 |title=The phylogeny of the Antiarcha (Placodermi, Pisces), with the description of Early Devonian antiarchs from Qujing, Yunnan, China |url=https://www.academia.edu/1806944 |journal=Bull. Mus. Nat. Hist. Nat. |series=4e Série}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Xue |first=Jinzhuang |date=March 2012 |title=Lochkovian plants from the Xitun Formation of Yunnan, China, and their palaeophytogeographical significance |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/259418642 |journal=Geological Magazine |language=en |volume=149 |issue=2 |pages=333–344 |doi=10.1017/S001675681100077X |bibcode=2012GeoM..149..333X |s2cid=129280508 |issn=0016-7568}}</ref> It was originally referred to as the '''Xitun Member''' of the Cuifengshan Formation (now the [Cuifengshan Group](/source/Cuifengshan_Group)).<ref name=":16">{{Cite journal |last1=Wang |first1=Nianzhong. |last2=Wang |first2=Nianzhong |date=1984 |title=Thelodont, acanthodian, and chondrichthyan fossils from the Lower Devonian of southwestern China |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/part/47132 |journal=Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales |volume=107 |pages=419–441 |issn=0370-047X}}</ref>

== Fossil content ==
{{Paleobiota-key-compact}}

=== Animals ===

==== Acanthodians ====
{| class="wikitable" align="center"
|-
! colspan="6" align="center" | '''[Acanthodians](/source/Acanthodii) reported from the Xitun Formation'''
|-
! Genus !! Species !! Presence 
!'''Material'''!! Notes !! Images
|-
| [Ischnacanthidae](/source/Ischnacanthiformes)
| Genus indet.
| [Qujing](/source/Qujing).<ref name=":16" />
| 4 isolated scales (V7218.1, 3, 6 & 8) & 2 longitudinal sections (V7218.4 & 7).<ref name=":16" />
| Similar to ''[Ischnacanthus](/source/Ischnacanthus)'' & ''[Acanthodes](/source/Acanthodes)'', may be referrable to ''[Youngacanthus](/source/Youngacanthus)''.
|
|-
| rowspan="6" | ''[Nostolepis](/source/Nostolepis)''
| ''N. amplifica''
| Xitun, Xishan subdistrict, [Qujing](/source/Qujing).<ref name=":7">{{Cite journal |last1=Li |first1=Qiang |last2=Cui |first2=Xindong |last3=Andreev |first3=Plamen Stanislavov |last4=Zhao |first4=Wenjin |last5=Wang |first5=Jianhua |last6=Peng |first6=Lijian |last7=Zhu |first7=Min |date=2021-05-07 |title=Nostolepis scale remains (stem Chondrichthyes) from the Lower Devonian of Qujing, Yunnan, China |journal=PeerJ |language=en |volume=9 |article-number=e11093 |doi=10.7717/peerj.11093 |pmid=34012725 |pmc=8109008 |issn=2167-8359 |doi-access=free }}</ref>
|43 trunk scales.<ref name=":7" />
|
|
|-
| ''N. consueta''
| Xitun, Xishan subdistrict, [Qujing](/source/Qujing).<ref name=":7" />
| Around 25 trunk scales.<ref name=":7" />
|
|
|-
| ''N. digitus''
| Xitun, Xishan subdistrict, [Qujing](/source/Qujing).<ref name=":7" />
| 28 trunk scales.<ref name=":7" />
|
|
|-
| ''N. qujingensis''
| Xitun, Xishan subdistrict, [Qujing](/source/Qujing).<ref name=":7" />
| 19 trunk scales.<ref name=":7" />
|
|
|-
| ''N. striata''
| Xitun, Xishan subdistrict, [Qujing](/source/Qujing).<ref name=":7" />
| 69 trunk scales.<ref name=":7" />
|
|
|-
| ''N.'' sp. indet.
| [Qujing](/source/Qujing).<ref name=":16" />
| Body scales.<ref name=":16" />
|
|
|-
| ''[Youngacanthus](/source/Youngacanthus)''
| ''Y. gracilis''
| [Qujing](/source/Qujing).<ref name=":16" />
| Jaw elements & teeth.<ref name=":16" />
| An [ischnacanthid](/source/Ischnacanthiformes).
|
|-
|}

==== Actinopterygians ====
{| class="wikitable" align="center"
|-
! colspan="6" align="center" | '''[Actinopterygians](/source/Actinopterygii) reported from the Xitun Formation'''
|-
! Genus !! Species !! Presence 
!'''Material'''!! Notes !! Images
|-
| ''[Meemannia](/source/Meemannia)''
| ''M. eos''
| Xitun village, [Qujing](/source/Qujing).<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Zhu |first=Min |title=Meemannia eos, a basal sarcopterygian fish from the Lower Devonian of China – expanded description and significance |url=https://www.academia.edu/1809971|journal=Academia}}</ref>
|
| An early [ray-finned fish](/source/Ray_finned_fish), formerly thought to be a [lobe finned fish](/source/lobe_finned_fish).<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Lu |first1=Jing |last2=Giles |first2=Sam |last3=Friedman |first3=Matt |last4=den Blaauwen |first4=Jan L. |last5=Zhu |first5=Min |date=2016-06-20 |title=The Oldest Actinopterygian Highlights the Cryptic Early History of the Hyperdiverse Ray-Finned Fishes |url=https://www.cell.com/current-biology/abstract/S0960-9822(16)30398-0 |journal=Current Biology |language=English |volume=26 |issue=12 |pages=1602–1608 |doi=10.1016/j.cub.2016.04.045 |issn=0960-9822 |pmid=27212403|s2cid=3928790 |doi-access=free }}</ref>
| 
|-
|}

==== Arthropods ====
{| class="wikitable" align="center"
|-
! colspan="6" align="center" | '''[Arthropods](/source/Arthropoda) reported from the Xitun Formation'''
|-
! Genus !! Species !! Presence 
!'''Material'''!! Notes !! Images
|-
| ''[Qujingopterus](/source/Qujingopterus)''<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Ma |first1=Z. |last2=Lamsdell |first2=J. C. |last3=Wang |first3=M. |last4=Chen |first4=J. |last5=Selden |first5=P. A. |last6=He |first6=B. |title=Early Devonian stylonurine eurypterids from northern Gondwana: Late Lochkovian to early Pragian records from South China |year=2024 |journal=Gondwana Research |doi=10.1016/j.gr.2024.11.003 |doi-access=free }}</ref>
| ''Q. spineus''
|
|
| A [stylonurid](/source/Stylonuridae) [eurypterid](/source/Eurypterida)
|center|150px
|-
|}

==== Chondrichthyes ====
{| class="wikitable" align="center"
|-
! colspan="6" align="center" | '''[Chondrichthyes](/source/Chondrichthyes) reported from the Xitun Formation'''
|-
! Genus !! Species !! Presence 
!'''Material'''!! Notes !! Images
|-
|''[Changolepis](/source/Changolepis)''
|''C. tricuspidus''
|[Qujing](/source/Qujing).<ref name=":16" />
|10 scales of various growth stages.<ref name=":16" />
|
|
|-
| [Chondrichthyes](/source/Chondrichthyes)
| Genus indet.
| [Qujing](/source/Qujing).<ref name=":16" />
| 4 isolated teeth (V7221.1, 2, 3 & 4).
| May belong to ''[Gualepis](/source/Gualepis)'' or ''[Changolepis](/source/Changolepis)''.
|
|-
| ''[Gualepis](/source/Gualepis)''
| ''G. elegans''
| Xitun, Qilin district, [Qujing](/source/Qujing).<ref name=":15">{{Cite journal |last1=Cui |first1=Xindong |last2=Qu |first2=Qingming |last3=Andreev |first3=Plamen S. |last4=Li |first4=Qiang |last5=Mai |first5=Huijuan |last6=Zhu |first6=Min |date=2021-03-04 |title=Modeling scale morphogenesis in a Devonian chondrichthyan and scale growth patterns in crown gnathostomes |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/353277625 |journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology |language=en |volume=41 |issue=2 |article-number=e1930018 |doi=10.1080/02724634.2021.1930018 |bibcode=2021JVPal..41E0018C |s2cid=237517966 |issn=0272-4634}}</ref>
|Thousands of isolated scales.<ref name=":16" /><ref name=":15" />
|
|
|-
| ''[Ohiolepis](/source/Ohiolepis)?''
| ''O.? xitunensis''
| [Qujing](/source/Qujing).<ref name=":16" />
| A complete scale (V7233.1) & an incomplete scale (V7223.2).<ref name=":16" />
|
|
|-
| ''[Peilepis](/source/Peilepis)''
| ''P. solida''
| [Qujing](/source/Qujing).<ref name=":16" />
| A body scale (V7222).<ref name=":16" />
|
|
|}

==== Jawless fish ====
{| class="wikitable" align="center"
|-
! colspan="6" align="center" | '''[Jawless fish](/source/Agnatha) reported from the Xitun Formation'''
|-
! Genus !! Species !! Presence 
!'''Material'''!! Notes !! Images
|-
|rowspan=7| ''[Parathelodus](/source/Parathelodus)''
| ''P. asiaticus''
| Qilin district, [Qujing](/source/Qujing).<ref name=":8">{{Cite journal |last1=Xin-Dong |first1=C. U. I. |last2=Qiang |first2=L. I. |last3=Min |first3=Z. H. U. |last4=Min |first4=Z. H. U. |date=2020-01-20 |title=New material of thelodonts from Lochkovian (Lower Devonian) of Qujing, Yunnan, China |url=http://www.vertpala.ac.cn/EN/10.19615/j.cnki.1000-3118.190612 |journal=Vertebrata PalAsiatica |language=en |volume=58 |issue=1 |page=1 |doi=10.19615/j.cnki.1000-3118.190612 |issn=2096-9899}}</ref>
|Body scales.<ref name=":8" />
| A [thelodont](/source/Thelodonti) also known from the [Xishancun Formation](/source/Xishancun_Formation).
|
|-
| ''P. cornuformis''
| Qilin district, [Qujing](/source/Qujing).<ref name=":8" />
| Body scales.<ref name=":8" />
| A [thelodont](/source/Thelodonti) also known from the [Xishancun Formation](/source/Xishancun_Formation).
|
|-
| ''P. liaokuoensis''
| Qilin district, [Qujing](/source/Qujing).<ref name=":8" />
| Body scales.<ref name=":8" />
| A [thelodont](/source/Thelodonti) also known from the [Xishancun Formation](/source/Xishancun_Formation).
|
|-
| ''P. scitulus''
| Qilin district, [Qujing](/source/Qujing).<ref name=":8" />
| A complete body scale (IVPP V 12156.1).<ref name=":8" />
| A [thelodont](/source/Thelodonti) also known from the [Xishancun Formation](/source/Xishancun_Formation).
|
|-
| ''P. trilobatus''
| Qilin district, [Qujing](/source/Qujing).<ref name=":8" />
| Body scales.<ref name=":8" />
| A [thelodont](/source/Thelodonti) also found in the [Xishancun Formation](/source/Xishancun_Formation).
|
|-
| ''P. wangi''
| Qilin district, [Qujing](/source/Qujing).<ref name=":8" />
| Body scales.<ref name=":8" />
| A [thelodont](/source/Thelodonti) also known from the [Xishancun Formation](/source/Xishancun_Formation).
|
|-
| ''P. xitunensis''
| Qilin district, [Qujing](/source/Qujing).<ref name=":8" />
| A complete body scale (IVPP V 26113.1).<ref name=":8" />
| A [thelodont](/source/Thelodonti).
|
|-
| ''[Turinia](/source/Turinia)''
| ''T. asiatica''
| [Qujing](/source/Qujing).<ref name=":16" />
| Multiple scales.<ref name=":16" />
| A [thelodont](/source/Thelodonti).
| center|150px
|-
| ''[Xitunaspis](/source/Xitunaspis)''
| ''X. magnus''
| [Qujing](/source/Qujing).<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |last1=Hao-Ran |first1=Sun |last2=Gai |first2=Zhikun |last3=Jia-Chen |first3=Cai |last4=Qiang |first4=L I |date=April 2022 |title=Xitunaspis, a new eugaleaspid fish (Eugaleaspiformes, Galeaspida) from the Lower Devonian of Qujing, Yunnan |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/360383846 |journal=Vertebrata PalAsiatica |doi=10.19615/j.cnki.2096-9899.220412}}</ref>
| 4 headshields.<ref name=":2" />
| A [galeaspid](/source/Galeaspida).
|
|-
|}

==== Placoderms ====
{| class="wikitable" align="center"
|-
! colspan="6" align="center" | '''[Placoderms](/source/Placoderm) reported from the Xitun Formation'''
|-
! Genus !! Species !! Presence 
!'''Material'''!! Notes !! Images
|-
| [Antiarchi](/source/Antiarchi)
| Unnamed antiarch
| [Qujing](/source/Qujing).<ref name=":6" />
| MNHN-CHD02 & V10515.<ref name=":6" />
| Originally referred to ''?[Xichonelepis](/source/Xichonelepis).''
|
|-
| [Asterosteidae](/source/Asterosteidae)
| Gen. et. sp. indet.
| [Qujing](/source/Qujing).<ref name=":4">{{Cite journal |last=Jun-Qing |first=Wang |date=1991-04-19 |title=Discovery of asterosteidae from Lower Devonian in Eastern Yuannan |url=http://www.vertpala.ac.cn/EN/Y1991/V29/I02/162 |journal=Vertebrata PalAsiatica |language=en |volume=29 |issue=2 |page=162 |issn=2096-9899}}</ref>
| Part of the head shield.<ref name=":4" />
| Very similar to ''[Gemuendina](/source/Gemuendina)''.<ref name=":4" />
|
|-
| rowspan="4" | ''[Chuchinolepis](/source/Chuchinolepis)''
| ''C. gracilis''
| [Qujing](/source/Qujing).<ref name=":6" />
| Detached plates.<ref name=":6" />
| A [chuchinolepidid](/source/Chuchinolepididae) also known from the [Xishancun Formation](/source/Xishancun_Formation).
|
|-
| ''C. qujingensis''
|
| Plates.<ref name=":6" />
| A [chuchinolepidid](/source/Chuchinolepididae) also known from the [Xishancun Formation](/source/Xishancun_Formation).
|
|-
| ''C. robusta''
| [Qujing](/source/Qujing).<ref name=":6" />
| A detached AVL plate (V10512).<ref name=":6" />
| A [chuchinolepidid](/source/Chuchinolepididae).
|
|-
| ''C. sulcata''
| [Qujing](/source/Qujing).<ref name=":6" />
| Trunkshield, plates & incomplete [pectoral fin](/source/pectoral_fin).<ref name=":6" />
| A [chuchinolepidid](/source/Chuchinolepididae).
|
|-
| ''[Gavinaspis](/source/Gavinaspis)''
| ''G. convergens''
| [Qujing](/source/Qujing).<ref name=":3">{{Cite journal |last1=Dupret |first1=V. |last2=Zhu |first2=M. |date=30 November 2007 |title=The earliest phyllolepid (Placodermi, Arthrodira) from the Late Lochkovian (Early Devonian) of Yunnan (South China) |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/geological-magazine/article/abs/earliest-phyllolepid-placodermi-arthrodira-from-the-late-lochkovian-early-devonian-of-yunnan-south-china/3428B4D1C14A86FE6994F34A7B849620 |journal=Geological Magazine |language=en |volume=145 |issue=2 |pages=257–278 |doi=10.1017/S0016756807004207 |s2cid=129360262 |issn=1469-5081|url-access=subscription }}</ref>
| Skull remains.<ref name=":3" />
| A [phyllolepid](/source/Phyllolepida).
|
|-
| ''[Parayunnanolepis](/source/Parayunnanolepis)''
| ''P. xitunensis''
|
| Almost-complete specimen.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Zhu |first1=Min |last2=Yu |first2=Xiaobo |last3=Choo |first3=Brian |last4=Wang |first4=Junqing |last5=Jia |first5=Liantao |date=2012-06-23 |title=An antiarch placoderm shows that pelvic girdles arose at the root of jawed vertebrates |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/51984082 |journal=Biology Letters |volume=8 |issue=3 |pages=453–456 |doi=10.1098/rsbl.2011.1033 |pmc=3367742 |pmid=22219394}}</ref>
| A [yunnanolepidid](/source/Yunnanolepididae).
| center|150px
|-
|rowspan=2| ''[Phymolepis](/source/Phymolepis)''
| ''P. cuifengshanensis''
| Cuifengshan and Liaokuoshan, [Qujing](/source/Qujing).<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":5">{{Cite journal |last1=Wang |first1=Yajing |last2=Zhu |first2=Min |date=2018-05-28 |title=Redescription of Phymolepis cuifengshanensis (Antiarcha: Yunnanolepididae) using high-resolution computed tomography and new insights into anatomical details of the endocranium in antiarchs |journal=PeerJ |volume=6 |article-number=e4808 |doi=10.7717/peerj.4808 |issn=2167-8359 |pmc=5978403 |pmid=29868260 |doi-access=free }}</ref>
|Plates.<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":5" />
| A [yunnanolepidid](/source/Yunnanolepididae) also known from the [Xishancun Formation](/source/Xishancun_Formation).
| center|150px
|-
| ''P. guoruii''
| [Qujing](/source/Qujing).<ref name=":6" />
| Trunk-shields & plates.<ref name=":6" />
| A [yunnanolepidid](/source/Yunnanolepididae).
|
|-
|style="background:#E6E6E6;"| ''[Szeaspis](/source/Szeaspis)''
|style="background:#E6E6E6;"| ''S. yunnanensis''
|style="background:#E6E6E6;"| [Qujing](/source/Qujing).<ref name=":13">{{Cite journal |last1=Dupret |first1=Vincent |last2=Zhu |first2=Min |last3=Wang |first3=Jun-Qing |date=2017-03-04 |title=Redescription of Szelepis Liu, 1981 (Placodermi, Arthrodira), from the Lower Devonian of China |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/317161147 |journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology |language=en |volume=37 |issue=2 |article-number=e1312422 |doi=10.1080/02724634.2017.1312422 |bibcode=2017JVPal..37E2422D |s2cid=90912807 |issn=0272-4634}}</ref>
|style="background:#E6E6E6;"| [Neurocranium](/source/Neurocranium) & associated [skull roof](/source/skull_roof) (IVPP V 5810a-b).<ref name=":13" />
|style="background:#E6E6E6;"| Preoccupied genus name, renamed ''[Szelepis](/source/Szelepis)''.
|style="background:#E6E6E6;"|
|-
| ''[Szelepis](/source/Szelepis)''
| ''S. yunnanensis''
| [Qujing](/source/Qujing).<ref name=":13" />
| [Neurocranium](/source/Neurocranium) & associated skull roof (IVPP V 5810a-b).<ref name=":13" />
| An [actinolepid](/source/Actinolepidae) originally named ''Szeaspis''.
|
|-
|rowspan=2| ''[Yunnanolepis](/source/Yunnanolepis)''
| ''Y. porifera''
| [Qujing](/source/Qujing).<ref name=":6" />
|
| A [yunnanolepidid](/source/Yunnanolepididae) also known from the [Xishancun Formation](/source/Xishancun_Formation).
|
|-
| ''Y.'' sp.
| [Qujing](/source/Qujing).<ref name=":6" />
| A trunk-shield associated with part of skull roof (V10514).<ref name=":6" />
| A [yunnanolepidid](/source/Yunnanolepididae), specimen formerly assigned to ''[Vanchienolepis](/source/Vanchienolepis)''.
|
|-
| ''[Zhanjilepis](/source/Zhanjilepis)''
| ''Z. aspratilis''
| [Qujing](/source/Qujing).<ref name=":6" />
| Plates.<ref name=":6" />
| A [yunnanolepidid](/source/Yunnanolepididae) also known from the [Xishancun Formation](/source/Xishancun_Formation).
| center|150px
|}

==== Sarcopterygians ====
{| class="wikitable" align="center"
|-
! colspan="6" align="center" | '''[Sarcopterygians](/source/Sarcopterygii) reported from the Xitun Formation'''
|-
! Genus !! Species !! Presence 
!'''Material'''!! Notes !! Images
|-
| ''[Achoania](/source/Achoania)''
|''A. jarvikii''
| [Qujing](/source/Qujing).<ref name=":11">{{Cite journal |last1=Zhu |first1=Min |last2=Yu |first2=Xiaobo |last3=Ahlberg |first3=Per E. |date=2001 |title=A primitive sarcopterygian fish with an eyestalk |url=https://www.academia.edu/407875 |journal=Nature |volume=410 |issue=6824 |pages=81–84 |doi=10.1038/35065078 |pmid=11242045 |s2cid=4416579 |issn=0028-0836}}</ref>
| Anterior cranial portion.<ref name=":11" />
| A basal [lobe finned fish](/source/lobe_finned_fish).
|
|-
| ''[Diabolepis](/source/Diabolepis)''
| ''D. speratus''
| Xichong, [Qujing](/source/Qujing).<ref name=":9">{{Cite journal |last1=Chang |first1=Meemann |author-link=Meemann Chang |last2=Yu |first2=Xiaobo |date=January 1984 |title=Structure and phylogenetic significance of Diabolichthys speratus gen. et sp. nov., a new dipnoan-like form from the Lower Devonian of eastern Yunnan, China |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/213769921 |journal=Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales |volume=107 |issue=3 |pages=171–184}}</ref>
|Multiple specimens.<ref name=":9" /><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Chang |first=Meemann |author-link=Meemann Chang |date=January 1995 |title=Diabolepis and its bearing on the relationships between porolepiforms and dipnoans |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/213769908 |journal=Bulletin du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Section C |volume=17 |issue=1 |pages=235–268}}</ref>
| A [dipteriform](/source/Dipteriformes) originally named ''[Diabolichthys](/source/Diabolichthys)''.
|
|-
| ''[Psarolepis](/source/Psarolepis)''
| ''P. romeri''
| Xichong, [Qujing](/source/Qujing).<ref name=":10">{{Cite journal |last=Yu |first=Xiaobo |date=1998 |title=A New Porolepiform-Like Fish, Psarolepis romeri, gen. et sp. nov. (Sarcopterygii, Osteichthyes) from the Lower Devonian of Yunnan, China |journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology |volume=18 |issue=2 |pages=261–274 |doi=10.1080/02724634.1998.10011055 |jstor=4523897 |bibcode=1998JVPal..18..261Y |issn=0272-4634}}</ref>
|4 anterior cranial portions, a posterior cranial portion, 2 complete lower jaws & an incomplete lower jaw.<ref name=":10" />
| A basal [lobe finned fish](/source/lobe_finned_fish).
| center|150px
|-
| ''[Styloichthys](/source/Styloichthys)''
| ''S. changae''
| [Qujing](/source/Qujing).<ref name=":12">{{Cite journal |last1=Zhu |first1=Min |last2=Yu |first2=Xiaobo |date=September 2002 |title=A primitive fish close to the common ancestor of tetrapods and lungfish |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/11204958 |journal=Nature |language=en |volume=418 |issue=6899 |pages=767–770 |doi=10.1038/nature00871 |pmid=12181564 |bibcode=2002Natur.418..767Z |s2cid=4389974 |issn=1476-4687}}</ref>
| Multiple specimens.<ref name=":12" />
| A basal [coelacanth](/source/coelacanth).<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Friedman |first=Matt |date=January 2007 |title=Styloichthys as the oldest coelacanth: Implications for early osteichthyan interrelationships |url=http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1017/S1477201907002052 |journal=Journal of Systematic Palaeontology |language=en |volume=5 |issue=3 |pages=289–343 |doi=10.1017/S1477201907002052 |bibcode=2007JSPal...5..289F |s2cid=83712134 |issn=1477-2019|url-access=subscription }}</ref>
| center|150px
|-
| ''[Youngolepis](/source/Youngolepis)''
| ''Y. praecursor''
|
| Numerous specimens.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Cui |first1=Xindong |last2=Friedman |first2=Matt |last3=Qiao |first3=Tuo |last4=Yu |first4=Yilun |last5=Zhu |first5=Min |date=2022-05-02 |title=The rapid evolution of lungfish durophagy |journal=Nature Communications |language=en |volume=13 |issue=1 |page=2390 |doi=10.1038/s41467-022-30091-3 |pmid=35501345 |pmc=9061808 |bibcode=2022NatCo..13.2390C |s2cid=248504614 |issn=2041-1723}}</ref>
| A basal [lobe finned fish](/source/lobe_finned_fish) also known from the [Bac Bun Formation](/source/Bac_Bun_Formation).
| center|150px
|-
|}

=== Plants ===
{| class="wikitable" align="center"
|-
! colspan="6" align="center" | '''[Plants](/source/Plant) reported from the Xitun Formation'''
|-
! Genus !! Species !! Presence 
!'''Material'''!! Notes !! Images
|-
|Gen. nov. A
|
|Huaguo Hill, Shengfeng district of [Qujing](/source/Qujing) city.<ref name=":0" />
|Numerous specimens.<ref name=":0" />
|
|
|-
| aff. [''Huia''](/source/Huia_(plant))
| aff. ''H.'' sp.
| Huaguo Hill, Shengfeng district of [Qujing](/source/Qujing) city.<ref name=":0" />
| PKU-XH214.<ref name=":0" />
| A [lycophyte](/source/lycophyte).
|
|-
| Unnamed spike
|
| Huaguo Hill, Shengfeng district of [Qujing](/source/Qujing) city.<ref name=":0" />
| A poorly preserved terminal spike (PKU-XH215a, 215b).<ref name=":0" />
| Probably from a [zosterophyll](/source/zosterophyll).
|
|-
| ''[Xitunia](/source/Xitunia)''
| ''X. spinitheca''
| [Qujing](/source/Qujing).<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Xue |first=Jinzhuang |date=2009-06-10 |title=Two Zosterophyll Plants from the Lower Devonian (Lochkovian) Xitun Formation of Northeastern Yunnan, China |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1755-6724.2009.00057.x |journal=Acta Geologica Sinica - English Edition |language=en |volume=83 |issue=3 |pages=504–512 |doi=10.1111/j.1755-6724.2009.00057.x|bibcode=2009AcGlS..83..504X |s2cid=131021391 |url-access=subscription }}</ref>
|
| A [zosterophyll](/source/zosterophyll).
|
|-
|rowspan=2| ''[Zosterophyllum](/source/Zosterophyllum)''
| ''Z. minorstachyum''
| [Qujing](/source/Qujing).<ref name=":1" />
|
| A [zosterophyll](/source/zosterophyll).
| center|150 px
|-
| ''Z. shengfengense''
| A building site at Huaguo Hill, Shengfeng District, [Qujing City](/source/Qujing_City).<ref name=":14">{{Cite journal |last1=Hao |first1=Shougang |last2=Xue |first2=Jinzhuang |last3=Guo |first3=Dali |last4=Wang |first4=Deming |date=January 2010 |title=Earliest rooting system and root: shoot ratio from a new Zosterophyllum plant |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2009.03056.x |journal=New Phytologist |language=en |volume=185 |issue=1 |pages=217–225 |doi=10.1111/j.1469-8137.2009.03056.x |pmid=19825018 |s2cid=5638825 |issn=0028-646X|doi-access=free }}</ref>
| A nearly entire individual plant preserved as a compression (PUH-QXI01-1), and its counterpart (PUH-QXI01-1').<ref name=":14" />
| A [zosterophyll](/source/zosterophyll).
|
|-
|}

== See also ==
* [List of fossil sites](/source/List_of_fossil_sites)—  ''(with link directory)''

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

Category:Devonian System of Asia
Category:Devonian China
Category:Devonian northern paleotropical deposits
Category:Paleontology in China
Category:Long stubs with short prose

{{China-geologic-formation-stub}}

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Xitun Formation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xitun_Formation) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xitun_Formation?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.