# Xiphilinos

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**Xiphilinos** (or **Xiphilinus**, Greek: Ξιφιλι̑νος) was a [Byzantine](/source/Byzantine_Greeks) family name. The family was from [Trebizond](/source/Trabzon) and was considered of lowly origin. In the 11th and 12th centuries members were found mainly in the church and the [bureaucracy](/source/Byzantine_bureaucracy_and_aristocracy) in [Constantinople](/source/Constantinople) and [Thessaloniki](/source/Thessaloniki). They were intellectuals rather than soldiers. They declined in importance after the [sack of Constantinople](/source/Sack_of_Constantinople) in 1204.[1]

Known Xiphilinoi include:

- Bardas Xiphilinos (11th century), *[strategetes](/source/Strategetes)* of Thessaloniki[2]
- John Xiphilinos (died 1075), judge, became Patriarch [John VIII of Constantinople](/source/John_VIII_of_Constantinople)[1]
- Michael Xiphilinos, brother of John VIII[2]
- Constantine Xiphilinos (fl.), *[droungarios tes viglas](/source/Droungarios_tes_viglas)*[1]
- [John Xiphilinos the Younger](/source/John_Xiphilinus_(historian)), epitomator of [Cassius Dio](/source/Cassius_Dio)[1]
- John Xiphilinos (fl.), *[vestarches](/source/Vestarches)*[2]
- Nicholas Xiphilinos (fl.), *[protovestes](/source/Protovestes)*[2]
- Niketas Xiphilinos (fl./9), *[apographeus](/source/Apographeus)* of [Boleron](/source/Boleron)[1]
- Euthymios Xiphilinos (fl.), monk and copyist[2]
- Niketas Xiphilinos (fl.), judge and [quaestor](/source/Quaestor)[1]
- Donatos Xiphilinos (fl.), judge[1]
- George Xiphilinos (died 1198), became Patriarch [George II of Constantinople](/source/George_II_of_Constantinople)[1]
- Theodore Xiphilinos (fl.), *[chartophylax](/source/Chartophylax)* of the [Great Church](/source/Ecumenical_Patriarchate_of_Constantinople) in exile[1]

John VIII was probably a brother of Bardas. He was born in Trebizond and his rise to the patriarchate helped establish the family in Constantinople.[2][3] Constantine and John VIII were friends of [Michael Psellos](/source/Michael_Psellos). John VIII and his nephew, John the Younger, both left writings.[1]

## References

1. Marion Kruse (2019), ["The Epitomator Ioannes Xiphilinos and the Eleventh-Century Xiphilinoi"](https://www.austriaca.at/0xc1aa5576_0x003b8c44.pdf), *Jahrbuch der Österreichischen Byzantinistik*. **69**: 257–274.

1. Mircea Grațian Duluș (2023), "Boundaries of Holiness: Biography and Narrative Structure in John Xiphilinos' *Miracula* and *Passio* of St Eugenios of Trebizond", "Holiness on the Move: Mobility and Space in Byzantine Hagiography", Mihail Mitrea (ed.), Routledge, pp. 65–89.

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