# Xi Draconis

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Star in the constellation Draco

Xi Draconis Location of ξ Draconis (circled in red) Observation data Epoch J2000 Equinox J2000 Constellation Draco Right ascension 17h 53m 31.72962s[1] Declination +56° 52′ 21.5143″[1] Apparent magnitude (V) 3.75[2] Characteristics Spectral type K2 III[3] U−B color index +1.21[2] B−V color index +1.18[2] Astrometry Radial velocity (Rv) −26.38 ± 0.20[4] km/s Proper motion (μ) RA: 93.82 ± 0.14[1] mas/yr Dec.: 78.50 ± 0.12[1] mas/yr Parallax (π) 28.98±0.12 mas[1] Distance 112.5 ± 0.5 ly (34.5 ± 0.1 pc) Absolute magnitude (MV) +1.06[5] Details Mass 1.45 ± 0.17[6] M☉ Radius 11.56±0.06[7] R☉ Luminosity 47.30±0.44[7] L☉ Surface gravity (log g) 2.3[8] cgs Temperature 4,451±7[7] K Metallicity [Fe/H] −0.09[8] dex Rotational velocity (v sin i) 2.3[8] km/s Other designations Grumium, ξ Dra, 32 Dra, BD+56 2033, FK5 671, HD 163588, HIP 87585, HR 6688, SAO 30631, WDS J17535+5652 Database references SIMBAD data

**Xi Draconis** (**ξ Draconis**, abbreviated **Xi Dra**, **ξ Dra**) is a [double](/source/Double_star) or [binary star](/source/Binary_star) in the [northern](/source/Northern_celestial_hemisphere) [circumpolar constellation](/source/Circumpolar_constellation) of [Draco](/source/Draco_(constellation)). It has an [apparent visual magnitude](/source/Apparent_visual_magnitude) of 3.75.[2] Based upon [parallax](/source/Stellar_parallax) measurements, it is located at a distance of 112.5 [light-years](/source/Light-year) (34.5 [parsecs](/source/Parsec)) from the [Sun](/source/Sun).[1] At this distance, the apparent magnitude is diminished by 0.03 from [extinction](/source/Extinction_(astronomy)) caused by intervening gas and dust.[4]

The two components are designated Xi Draconis A (officially named **Grumium** [/ˈɡruːmiəm/](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA/English), a traditional name for the system)[9][10] and B.

## Nomenclature

ξ Draconis in optical light

*ξ Draconis* ([Latinised](/source/Latinisation_of_names) to *Xi Draconis*) is the system's [Bayer designation](/source/Bayer_designation). The designations of the two components as *Xi Draconis A* and *B* derive from the convention used by the Washington Multiplicity Catalog (WMC) for multiple [star systems](/source/Star_system), and adopted by the [International Astronomical Union](/source/International_Astronomical_Union) (IAU).[11]

It bore the traditional names *Grumium*. This is a graphic corruption of the Latin *Grunnum* 'snout',[12] as Ptolemy had described this star as being on the jawbone of the dragon.[9] In 2016, the [International Astronomical Union](/source/International_Astronomical_Union) organized a [Working Group on Star Names](/source/Working_Group_on_Star_Names) (WGSN)[13] to catalogue and standardize proper names for stars. The WGSN decided to attribute proper names to individual stars rather than entire [multiple systems](/source/Star_system).[14] It approved the name *Grumium* for the component Xi Draconis A on 12 September 2016 and it is now so included in the List of IAU-approved Star Names.[10]

This star was also known as *Nodus I* or *Nodus Primus*. Along with [Beta Draconis](/source/Beta_Draconis) (Rastaban), [Gamma Draconis](/source/Gamma_Draconis) (Eltanin), [Mu Draconis](/source/Mu_Draconis) (Alrakis) and [Nu Draconis](/source/Nu_Draconis) (Kuma), it was one of *Al ʽAwāyd* "the Mother Camels", which were later known as the *Quinque Dromedarii*.[15]

In [Chinese](/source/Chinese_astronomy), 天棓 (*Tiān Bàng*), meaning *[Celestial Flail](/source/Purple_Forbidden_enclosure)*, refers to an [asterism](/source/Asterism_(astronomy)) consisting of Xi Draconis, Nu Draconis, Beta Draconis, Gamma Draconis and [Iota Herculis](/source/Iota_Herculis).[16] Consequently, the [Chinese name](/source/Chinese_star_names) for Xi Draconis itself is 天棓一 (*Tiān Bàng yī*, English: the First Star of Celestial Flail).[17]

### Namesake

[USS *Grumium* (AK-112)](/source/USS_Grumium_(AK-112)) was a [United States Navy](/source/United_States_Navy) [*Crater*-class cargo ship](/source/Crater-class_cargo_ship) named after the star.

## Properties

Xi Draconis A is of [spectral class](/source/Spectral_class) K2-III. It is not known for certain if Xi Draconis A is on the [red giant branch](/source/Red_giant_branch), fusing hydrogen into helium in a shell surrounding an inert helium core, or on the [horizontal branch](/source/Horizontal_branch) fusing helium into carbon.[18] The possible companion, Xi Draconis B, is a 16th-magnitude star 316 [arcseconds](/source/Arcseconds) away. [Jim Kaler](/source/Jim_Kaler) in 2008 said that most likely, the pairing is just a line-of-sight coincidence,[18] but [Gaia DR3](/source/Gaia_DR3) data shows a similar parallax and proper motion to the primary.[19]

## References

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-aaa474_2_653_1-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-aaa474_2_653_1-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-aaa474_2_653_1-2) [***d***](#cite_ref-aaa474_2_653_1-3) [***e***](#cite_ref-aaa474_2_653_1-4) [***f***](#cite_ref-aaa474_2_653_1-5) van Leeuwen, F. (November 2007), "Validation of the new Hipparcos reduction", *Astronomy and Astrophysics*, **474** (2): 653–664, [arXiv](/source/ArXiv_(identifier)):[0708.1752](https://arxiv.org/abs/0708.1752), [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[2007A&A...474..653V](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007A&A...474..653V), [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1051/0004-6361:20078357](https://doi.org/10.1051%2F0004-6361%3A20078357), [S2CID](/source/S2CID_(identifier)) [18759600](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:18759600).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-mnras172_667_2-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-mnras172_667_2-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-mnras172_667_2-2) [***d***](#cite_ref-mnras172_667_2-3) Jennens, P. A.; Helfer, H. L. (September 1975), "A new photometric metal abundance and luminosity calibration for field G and K giants.", *[Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society](/source/Monthly_Notices_of_the_Royal_Astronomical_Society)*, **172** (3): 667–679, [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[1975MNRAS.172..667J](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1975MNRAS.172..667J), [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1093/mnras/172.3.667](https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fmnras%2F172.3.667).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-araa11_29_3-0)** Morgan, W. W.; Keenan, P. C. (1973), "Spectral Classification", *Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics*, **11**: 29–50, [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[1973ARA&A..11...29M](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1973ARA&A..11...29M), [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1146/annurev.aa.11.090173.000333](https://doi.org/10.1146%2Fannurev.aa.11.090173.000333).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-aaa430_165_4-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-aaa430_165_4-1) Famaey, B.; et al. (January 2005), "Local kinematics of K and M giants from CORAVEL/Hipparcos/Tycho-2 data. Revisiting the concept of superclusters", *Astronomy and Astrophysics*, **430** (1): 165–186, [arXiv](/source/ArXiv_(identifier)):[astro-ph/0409579](https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0409579), [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[2005A&A...430..165F](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2005A&A...430..165F), [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1051/0004-6361:20041272](https://doi.org/10.1051%2F0004-6361%3A20041272), [S2CID](/source/S2CID_(identifier)) [17804304](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:17804304).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Cardini2005_5-0)** Cardini, D. (January 2005), "Mg II chromospheric radiative loss rates in cool active and quiet stars", *Astronomy and Astrophysics*, **430**: 303–311, [arXiv](/source/ArXiv_(identifier)):[astro-ph/0409683](https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0409683), [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[2005A&A...430..303C](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2005A&A...430..303C), [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1051/0004-6361:20041440](https://doi.org/10.1051%2F0004-6361%3A20041440), [S2CID](/source/S2CID_(identifier)) [12136256](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:12136256).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-apjl674_1_L53_6-0)** Stello, D.; et al. (2008), "Oscillating K Giants with the WIRE Satellite: Determination of Their Asteroseismic Masses", *The Astrophysical Journal Letters*, **674** (1): L53–L56, [arXiv](/source/ArXiv_(identifier)):[0801.2155](https://arxiv.org/abs/0801.2155), [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[2008ApJ...674L..53S](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008ApJ...674L..53S), [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1086/528936](https://doi.org/10.1086%2F528936), [S2CID](/source/S2CID_(identifier)) [15094067](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:15094067).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Baines2014_7-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Baines2014_7-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-Baines2014_7-2) Baines, Ellyn K.; Armstrong, J. Thomas; Schmitt, Henrique R.; Benson, James A.; Zavala, R. T.; van Belle, Gerard T. (2014-01-13), "Navy Precision Optical Interferometer Measurements of 10 Stellar Oscillators", *The Astrophysical Journal*, **781** (2): 90, [arXiv](/source/ArXiv_(identifier)):[1401.3342](https://arxiv.org/abs/1401.3342), [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[2014ApJ...781...90B](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014ApJ...781...90B), [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1088/0004-637x/781/2/90](https://doi.org/10.1088%2F0004-637x%2F781%2F2%2F90), [ISSN](/source/ISSN_(identifier)) [0004-637X](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0004-637X)

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-aj135_1_209_8-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-aj135_1_209_8-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-aj135_1_209_8-2) Massarotti, Alessandro; et al. (January 2008), "Rotational and Radial Velocities for a Sample of 761 HIPPARCOS Giants and the Role of Binarity", *The Astronomical Journal*, **135** (1): 209–231, [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[2008AJ....135..209M](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008AJ....135..209M), [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1088/0004-6256/135/1/209](https://doi.org/10.1088%2F0004-6256%2F135%2F1%2F209), [S2CID](/source/S2CID_(identifier)) [121883397](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:121883397).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Kunitzsch_9-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Kunitzsch_9-1) Kunitzsch, Paul; Smart, Tim (2006). *A Dictionary of Modern star Names: A Short Guide to 254 Star Names and Their Derivations* (2nd rev. ed.). Cambridge, Massachusetts: Sky Pub. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-1-931559-44-7](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-931559-44-7).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-IAU-LSN_10-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-IAU-LSN_10-1) ["Naming Stars"](https://web.archive.org/web/20200411104839/https://www.iau.org/public/themes/naming_stars/). IAU.org. Archived from [the original](https://www.iau.org/public/themes/naming_stars/) on 11 April 2020. Retrieved 16 December 2017.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-planetnaming_11-0)** Hessman, F. V.; Dhillon, V. S.; Winget, D. E.; Schreiber, M. R.; Horne, K.; Marsh, T. R.; Guenther, E.; Schwope, A.; Heber, U. (2010). "On the naming convention used for multiple star systems and extrasolar planets". [arXiv](/source/ArXiv_(identifier)):[1012.0707](https://arxiv.org/abs/1012.0707) [[astro-ph.SR](https://arxiv.org/archive/astro-ph.SR)].

1. **[^](#cite_ref-12)** In medieval manuscripts, both 'nn' and 'mi' were written with four strokes, *ıııı*, and thus could be easily confused. (That is why we now dot our i's.) Indeed, both the correct and corrupted spellings would have looked rather like *Grııııııııııı*.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-WGSN_13-0)** [*IAU Working Group on Star Names (WGSN)*](https://web.archive.org/web/20160610172014/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/working_groups/280/), International Astronomical Union, archived from [the original](https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/working_groups/280/) on 10 June 2016, retrieved 22 May 2016.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-TriRpt18_14-0)** ["WG Triennial Report (2015-2018) - Star Names"](https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://www.iau.org/static/science/scientific_bodies/working_groups/280/wg-starnames-triennial-report-2015-2018.pdf) (PDF). p. 5. Archived from [the original](https://www.iau.org/static/science/scientific_bodies/working_groups/280/wg-starnames-triennial-report-2015-2018.pdf) (PDF) on 2022-10-09. Retrieved 2018-07-14.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-allen1963_15-0)** [Allen, R. H.](/source/Richard_Hinckley_Allen) (1963), [*Star Names: Their Lore and Meaning*](https://archive.org/details/starnamestheirlo00alle/page/207) (Reprint ed.), New York, NY: Dover Publications Inc., p. [207](https://archive.org/details/starnamestheirlo00alle/page/207), [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [0-486-21079-0](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-486-21079-0), retrieved 2010-12-12. {{[citation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Citation)}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility ([help](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#invalid_isbn_date))

1. **[^](#cite_ref-16)** (in Chinese) *中國星座神話*, written by 陳久金. Published by 台灣書房出版有限公司, 2005, [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-986-7332-25-7](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-986-7332-25-7).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-17)** (in Chinese) [香港太空館 - 研究資源 - 亮星中英對照表](http://www.lcsd.gov.hk/CE/Museum/Space/Research/StarName/c_research_chinengstars_e_g.htm) [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20110130063007/http://www.lcsd.gov.hk/CE/Museum/Space/Research/StarName/c_research_chinengstars_e_g.htm) January 30, 2011, at the [Wayback Machine](/source/Wayback_Machine), Hong Kong Space Museum. Accessed on line November 23, 2010.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-kalerAC_18-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-kalerAC_18-1) Kaler, James B., ["GRUMIUM (Xi Draconis)"](http://stars.astro.illinois.edu/sow/grumium.html), *Stars*, University of Illinois, retrieved 2018-02-14

1. **[^](#cite_ref-19)** ["LP 102-432"](http://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/simbad/sim-basic?Ident=LP+102-432). *[SIMBAD](/source/SIMBAD)*. [Centre de données astronomiques de Strasbourg](/source/Centre_de_donn%C3%A9es_astronomiques_de_Strasbourg).

v t e Constellation of Draco List of stars in Draco Draco in Chinese astronomy Stars Bayer α (Thuban) β (Rastaban) γ (Eltanin) δ (Altais) ε (Tyl) ζ (Aldhibah) η (Athebyne) θ ι (Edasich) κ λ (Giausar) μ (Alrakis) ν (Kuma) ξ (Grumium) ο π ρ σ (Alsafi) τ υ φ χ ψ1 (Dziban) ψ2 ω Flamsteed 4 6 7 (Tianyi) 8 (Taiyi) 10 (i) 15 (A) 18 (g) 19 (h) 26 36 39 (b) 42 (Fafnir) 45 (d) 50 59 64 (e) 68 Variable TW YY AG BY CL CM CX DO EK HP V581 HR 3751 4126 4934 5811 6237 6518 6618 (Alruba) 6817 7137 7783 HD 109246 (Funi) 101364 128717 147379 156279 158259 176693 191939 Other 2MASS 1237+6526 2MASS J17554042+6551277 G 240-72 GD 356 Gliese 420 Gliese 625 Gliese 687 GRW +70 8247 Kepler-4 Kepler-10 Kepler-12 Kepler-90 Kepler-296 KOI-256 LP 71-82 Qatar-1 SDSS J1240+6710 Struve 2398 TOI-1136 WD 1856+534 WISE 1647+5632 WISE 1841+7000 Exoplanets HD 139357 b HD 167042 b ι Dra b (Hypatia) Kepler-4b Kepler-10b c Kepler-12b Kepler-90e f g h i Kepler-296b c d e f TOI-1452 b TrES-2b Star clusters LAMOST 1 Nebulae Cat's Eye Nebula NGC 6742 Galaxies NGC 3147 3197 3735 4121 4125 4221 4236 4319 4331 4332 4363 4441 4513 4545 4589 5678 5777 5866 5866B 5879 5905 5907 5949 5963 5965 5982 5985 6090 6248 6285 6286 6338 6340 6365 6373 6394 6412 6503 6505 6566 6621 6622 6670 6676 6786 6789 Other 1ES 1927+654 1ES 1959+650 3C 249.1 3C 305 3C 319 3C 343 3C 343.1 3C 351 3C 356 3C 371 3C 380 3C 390.3 3C 401 4C +72.26 4C 73.08 8C 1241+735 Abell 2218 BCG Bean galaxy Beaver galaxy BZQ J1727+5510 Draco Dwarf Draco II GB 1508+5714 Goldfish galaxy H1821+643 HFLS3 IERS B1946+708 IRAS F17179+5444 IRAS 18580+6527 J120011.1+680924.8 KKR 25 Markarian 817 Markarian 876 Original TRG PGC 39058 Porphyrion QSO B1823+568 RGZ J172749.5+534647 S5 1803+784 S5 2007+777 SDSS J1715+6008 Tadpole Galaxy UGC 9391 UGC 9405 UGC 11241 UGC 11411 WISEA J145223.62+611707.5 WN B1851+5707 Galaxy clusters Abell 2218 CL1358+62 Draco Supercluster NGC 5866 Group Astronomical events SN 2003jb SN 2005B SN 2016aps Swift J1644+57 Category

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Xi Draconis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xi_Draconis) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xi_Draconis?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.