# Xapuri

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Human settlement in Acre, Brazil

Municipality in North, Brazil

Xapuri Municipality Church of Saint Sebastian. Flag Coat of arms Location of municipality in Acre State Xapuri Location in Brazil Coordinates: 10°39′07″S 68°30′14″W / 10.65194°S 68.50389°W / -10.65194; -68.50389 Country Brazil Region North State Acre Founded 1883 Government • Mayor Maxsuel Maia Pereira[1] (PP - 2025-2028) Area • Total 5,251 km2 (2,027 sq mi) Population (2022 [2]) • Total 18,243 • Density 3.01/km2 (7.8/sq mi) Time zone UTC−5 (ACT)

**Xapuri** (Portuguese pronunciation: [\[ʃapuˈɾi\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA/Portuguese)) is a [municipality](/source/Municipalities_of_Brazil) located in the southeast of the [Brazilian state](/source/States_of_Brazil) of [Acre](/source/Acre_(state)). It was the scene of an early bloodless victory during the war to make Acre independent of Bolivia. The town is known as the birthplace of the [rubber tapper](/source/Rubber_tapping) and environmentalist [Chico Mendes](/source/Chico_Mendes) and of the surgeon and professor [Adib Jatene](/source/Adib_Jatene).

## Geography

Xapuri is at the point where the [Xapuri River](/source/Xapuri_River) meets the [Acre River](/source/Acre_River). Its name is said to come from the Indigenous word *Chapury*, meaning "river meeting".[3] Another explanation is that its name comes from the indigenous tribe of "Xapury" people.[4] The town is about 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) northwest of the [BR-317](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=BR-317&action=edit&redlink=1) highway which leads from [Rio Branco](/source/Rio_Branco%2C_Acre), 241 kilometres (150 mi) to the east, to [Brasiléia](/source/Brasil%C3%A9ia), 74 kilometres (46 mi) to the west. It has broad streets and wooden houses.[5] The area of the municipality is 5,347.468 square kilometres (2,064.669 sq mi).[6] It is 12th largest in area in Acre. It is bounded by the municipality of [Sena Madureira](/source/Sena_Madureira) to the west, Rio Branco to the north, [Capixaba](/source/Capixaba%2C_Acre) to the east, [Epitaciolândia](/source/Epitaciol%C3%A2ndia) to the south, and [Brasiléia](/source/Brasil%C3%A9ia) to the southwest.[4]

The municipality contains part of the 931,537-hectare (2,301,880-acre) [Chico Mendes Extractive Reserve](/source/Chico_Mendes_Extractive_Reserve), a sustainable use environmental unit created in 1990.[7] The reserve is fairly well maintained apart from a few locations of deforestation, but its surroundings are quite deforested, compromising its buffer zone.[4]

## History

Xapuri was born in 1883 shortly after Volta da Empreza (today's [Rio Branco](/source/Rio_Branco%2C_Acre)) was founded.[4] The first Europeans came to the region in the first rubber boom, a period of uncontrolled [land grabbing](/source/Land_grabbing) and extraction of forest resources.[3] The village of Xapuri became one of Acre's main rubber trading posts, and the region was an important producer of rubber and Brazil nuts.[4] Until the [Acre War](/source/Acre_War) of 1902–03 it was part of [Bolivia](/source/Bolivia), although most of the new colonists were Brazilian.[8] At the time of the Acre War the Bolivians called the post Mariscal Sucre.[4]

At the start of 1902 [José Plácido de Castro](/source/Jos%C3%A9_Pl%C3%A1cido_de_Castro) accepted an invitation to lead a revolt against Bolivia.[8] Although he argued for immediately attacking the garrison of 230 troops at Puerto Alonso (now [Porto Acre](/source/Porto_Acre)), Plácido de Castro was persuaded to first take the outpost at Xapuri.[9] He entered Xapuri with 33 men in the early morning of 6 August 1902 and captured the sleeping garrison without spilling blood. On 7 August 1902 he issued a manifesto proclaiming that Acre was independent.[10] After further fighting the last Bolivian forces surrender at what is now Porto Acre on 24 January 1903.[11]

The village of Xapuri was officially elevated to the status of a town on 22 March 1904 by the prefect of Alto Acre, Colonel Augusto da Cunha Matos. On 22 March 1905 it was elevated to the status of city by the interim prefect Captain Odilon Pratagi Brasiliense.[3] Xapuri was officially made a municipality on 23 October 1912. Infrastructure was soon built, including trading houses and schools. For many years Xapuri was known as the Little Princess of Acre (*Princesinha do Acre*) due to its great wealth from rubber.[4]

The city became famous after the 1988 assassination of the rubber tapper and environmentalist [Chico Mendes](/source/Chico_Mendes), who was born in Xapuri. His house has been preserved as one of the attractions of the town.[3]

## People and economy

The municipality of Xapuri has the 9th largest population in Acre.[4] As of 2010 the population was 16,091. The estimated population in 2020 was 19,596. The population density of 2010 was 3.01 people per square kilometre.[6]

The town is an important Acre tourist destination for its monuments to the [Acre War](/source/Acre_War) and the house of [Chico Mendes](/source/Chico_Mendes), and has an eco-lodge at the Seringal Waterfall. Apart from cattle ranching and subsistence farming, there is a condom factory, wood flooring factory and furniture workshops. There are several settlement projects for extraction of nuts and rubber, subsistence agriculture and forestry. The people also raise livestock, hunt and fish. The Xapuri I and II projects are trying to bring back extractors and farmers who had moved to the city and to promote recovery of areas of pasturage and [slash-and-burn](/source/Slash-and-burn) agriculture by replanting fruit trees and timber trees.[4]

## Gallery

		- [Rural Gothic](/source/Carpenter_Gothic) architecture is common in Acre state, Brazil. Photo: Downtown Xapuri, Acre

		- St. Sebastian Church, Xapuri, Brazil

		- [Saint Sebastian](/source/Saint_Sebastian) Festivities, Xapuri, Brazil

		- Xapuri, [Acre](/source/Acre_(state))

		- [Brazil nut](/source/Brazil_nut) Finishing Power Plant, Xapuri, Brazil

## References

Wikimedia Commons has media related to [Xapuri](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Xapuri).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-1)** (pt) [Prefeito de Xapuri (AC) toma posse nesta quarta](https://g1.globo.com/ac/acre/eleicoes/2024/noticia/2024/12/31/prefeito-de-xapuri-ac-toma-posse-nesta-quarta-1o-veja-lista-de-vereadores-eleitos.ghtml)

1. **[^](#cite_ref-2)** [IBGE 2022](https://cidades.ibge.gov.br/brasil/ac/xapuri/panorama)

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHistória_de_Xapuri_–_Prefeitura_3-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHistória_de_Xapuri_–_Prefeitura_3-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHistória_de_Xapuri_–_Prefeitura_3-2) [***d***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHistória_de_Xapuri_–_Prefeitura_3-3) [História de Xapuri – Prefeitura](#CITEREFHistória_de_Xapuri_–_Prefeitura).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEXapuri_–_Governo_do_Estado_do_Acre_4-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEXapuri_–_Governo_do_Estado_do_Acre_4-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEXapuri_–_Governo_do_Estado_do_Acre_4-2) [***d***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEXapuri_–_Governo_do_Estado_do_Acre_4-3) [***e***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEXapuri_–_Governo_do_Estado_do_Acre_4-4) [***f***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEXapuri_–_Governo_do_Estado_do_Acre_4-5) [***g***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEXapuri_–_Governo_do_Estado_do_Acre_4-6) [***h***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEXapuri_–_Governo_do_Estado_do_Acre_4-7) [***i***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEXapuri_–_Governo_do_Estado_do_Acre_4-8) [Xapuri – Governo do Estado do Acre](#CITEREFXapuri_–_Governo_do_Estado_do_Acre).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWelcome_to_Xapuri_–_Lonely_Planet_5-0)** [Welcome to Xapuri – Lonely Planet](#CITEREFWelcome_to_Xapuri_–_Lonely_Planet).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAcre_»_Xapuri_–_IBGE_6-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAcre_»_Xapuri_–_IBGE_6-1) [Acre » Xapuri – IBGE](#CITEREFAcre_»_Xapuri_–_IBGE).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUnidade_de_Conservação_..._MMA_7-0)** [Unidade de Conservação ... MMA](#CITEREFUnidade_de_Conservação_..._MMA).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESenador_Jorge_Viana_8-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESenador_Jorge_Viana_8-1) [Senador Jorge Viana](#CITEREFSenador_Jorge_Viana).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPedraja200663_9-0)** [Pedraja 2006](#CITEREFPedraja2006), p. 63.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPedraja200664_10-0)** [Pedraja 2006](#CITEREFPedraja2006), p. 64.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPedraja200668_11-0)** [Pedraja 2006](#CITEREFPedraja2006), p. 68.

## Sources

- [*Acre » Xapuri*](http://cidades.ibge.gov.br/xtras/perfil.php?codmun=120070) (in Portuguese), IBGE - Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística, retrieved 2016-07-07

- ["História de Xapuri"](https://web.archive.org/web/20160814070541/http://xapuri.ac.gov.br/historia-de-xapuri/), *Prefeitura Municipal de Xapuri* (in Portuguese), Prefeitura de Xapuri, archived from [the original](http://xapuri.ac.gov.br/historia-de-xapuri/) on 2016-08-14, retrieved 2016-07-07

- Pedraja, René De La (2006-04-11), [*Wars of Latin America, 1899-1941*](https://books.google.com/books?id=RhNzcCNIoeIC&pg=PA61), McFarland, [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-0-7864-8257-3](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7864-8257-3), retrieved 2016-07-05

- Senador Jorge Viana, [*Plácido de Castro*](http://www.jorgeviana.com.br/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=97&Itemid=36) (in Portuguese), retrieved 2016-07-04

- [*Unidade de Conservação: Reserva Extrativista Chico Mendes*](http://sistemas.mma.gov.br/cnuc/index.php?ido=relatorioparametrizado.exibeRelatorio&relatorioPadrao=true&idUc=222) (in Portuguese), MMA: Ministério do Meio Ambiente, retrieved 2016-06-04{{[citation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Citation)}}: CS1 maint: publisher location ([link](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_publisher_location))

- ["Welcome to Xapuri"](https://www.lonelyplanet.com/brazil/the-amazon/xapuri), *Lonely Planet*, retrieved 2016-07-07

- [*Xapuri*](https://web.archive.org/web/20160814040307/http://www.ac.gov.br/wps/portal/acre/Acre/estado-acre/municipios/!ut/p/c5/rZHLcoJAEEW_xQ_Q6RkYIEueI4-ZKKICGwpNtHwgEo3ofH1IZZOkKrpJ9_LUrb59L8pRt4fyslmX5019KPcoRblWhKo2moUMA2OWA74d-X6SOKC7tOPZN24E3Og4nnlC-AEo5IF6jlJQi8n2dvTlTsZbPebCMW-TKGu54z0n7j48yfiZb30ygRqfExPObgtcTm9weurOjF2TZ57N1d6XE_hjTHjgJED5ZlEN2mU1gIGGFUo1laoa1amB0XyUKZZT89ZxRWGNNbo7SiVYWAuMs3EzJ00UyhdF5aRdzslhA7mHW3IqatOsmnOykuGOLjke8mah2Y1b2zYnqxWrmeH5F88Y7SIlNftCiyp4c8KANHGbVkK015uhWLOVgfVs2Z_RVB7f3vVwT0R5LVxzGuryad3rdSHmP577VUIM9_lnSZ_8TnQZyvVv4Y1d6PQJYxDFCmMqSv6xRjGsq1d0rKaXiF4mfr_sfwA4WGIF/dl3/d3/L2dBISEvZ0FBIS9nQSEh/) (in Portuguese), Governo do Estado do Acre, archived from [the original](http://www.ac.gov.br/wps/portal/acre/Acre/estado-acre/municipios/!ut/p/c5/rZHLcoJAEEW_xQ_Q6RkYIEueI4-ZKKICGwpNtHwgEo3ofH1IZZOkKrpJ9_LUrb59L8pRt4fyslmX5019KPcoRblWhKo2moUMA2OWA74d-X6SOKC7tOPZN24E3Og4nnlC-AEo5IF6jlJQi8n2dvTlTsZbPebCMW-TKGu54z0n7j48yfiZb30ygRqfExPObgtcTm9weurOjF2TZ57N1d6XE_hjTHjgJED5ZlEN2mU1gIGGFUo1laoa1amB0XyUKZZT89ZxRWGNNbo7SiVYWAuMs3EzJ00UyhdF5aRdzslhA7mHW3IqatOsmnOykuGOLjke8mah2Y1b2zYnqxWrmeH5F88Y7SIlNftCiyp4c8KANHGbVkK015uhWLOVgfVs2Z_RVB7f3vVwT0R5LVxzGuryad3rdSHmP577VUIM9_lnSZ_8TnQZyvVv4Y1d6PQJYxDFCmMqSv6xRjGsq1d0rKaXiF4mfr_sfwA4WGIF/dl3/d3/L2dBISEvZ0FBIS9nQSEh/) on 2016-08-14, retrieved 2016-07-07

v t e Municipalities of Acre Capital: Rio Branco Cruzeiro do Sul Cruzeiro do Sul Cruzeiro do Sul Mâncio Lima Marechal Thaumaturgo Porto Walter Rodrigues Alves Tarauacá Feijó Jordão Tarauacá Rio Branco Brasiléia Assis Brasil Brasiléia Epitaciolândia Xapuri Rio Branco Acrelândia Bujari Capixaba Plácido de Castro Porto Acre Rio Branco Senador Guiomard Sena Madureira Manoel Urbano Santa Rosa do Purus Sena Madureira

Authority control databases International VIAF National United States Israel

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Xapuri](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xapuri) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xapuri?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.