# Xanthidae

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> Markdown URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Xanthidae.md
> Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xanthidae
> Source revision: 1355115865
> License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)

{{Short description|Family of crabs}}
{{Automatic taxobox
| image = Xantho poressa 2009 G2.jpg 
| image_caption = ''[Xantho poressa](/source/Xantho_poressa)''
| taxon = Xanthidae
| authority = [Macleay](/source/William_Sharp_Macleay), 1838&nbsp;<ref name="ITIS">{{ITIS |id=98748 |taxon=Xanthidae}}</ref>
| subdivision_ranks = Subfamilies
| subdivision =
{{Linked taxon list
| Actaeinae | Alcock, 1898
| Banareiinae | Števčić, 2005
| Chlorodiellinae | [Ng](/source/Peter_Kee_Lin_Ng) & Holthuis, 2007
| Cymoinae | Alcock, 1898
| Etisinae | Ortmann, 1893
| Euxanthinae | Alcock, 1898
| Glyptoxanthinae | Mendoza & [Guinot](/source/Dani%C3%A8le_Guinot), 2011
| Kraussiinae | [Ng](/source/Peter_Kee_Lin_Ng), 1993
| Liomerinae | T. Sakai, 1976
| Polydectinae | Dana, 1851
| Xanthinae | MacLeay, 1838
| Zosiminae | Alcock, 1898
}}}}

'''Xanthidae''' is a [family](/source/Family_(taxonomy)) of [crab](/source/crab)s known as '''gorilla crabs''', '''mud crabs''', '''pebble crabs''' or '''rubble crabs'''.<ref  name="ITIS"/> Xanthid crabs are often brightly coloured and are highly poisonous, containing [toxin](/source/toxin)s which are not destroyed by [cooking](/source/cooking) and  for which no [antidote](/source/antidote) is known.<ref name="Tan">{{cite web |url=http://www.wildsingapore.com/wildfacts/crustacea/crab/xanthidae/xanthidae.htm |publisher=[Wild Singapore](/source/Wild_Singapore) |title=Xanthid  crabs: Family Xanthidae |access-date=January 11, 2010 |year=2008 |author=Ria Tan}}</ref>{{Better source needed|date=October 2023}} The toxins are similar to the [tetrodotoxin](/source/tetrodotoxin) and [saxitoxin](/source/saxitoxin) produced by [puffer fish](/source/Tetraodontidae), and may be produced by [bacteria](/source/bacteria) in the genus ''[Vibrio](/source/Vibrio)'' living in [symbiosis](/source/symbiosis) with the crabs, mostly ''[V. alginolyticus](/source/Vibrio_alginolyticus)'' and ''[V. parahaemolyticus](/source/Vibrio_parahaemolyticus)''.<ref name="Tan"/>{{Better source needed|date=October 2023}}

==Classification==
Many species formerly included in the family Xanthidae have since been moved to new families. Despite this, Xanthidae is still the  largest crab family in terms of [species richness](/source/species_richness), contanining the following subfamilies and genera:<ref  name="Grave">{{cite journal |journal=[Raffles Bulletin of Zoology](/source/Raffles_Bulletin_of_Zoology) |year=2009 |volume=Suppl. 21 |pages=1–109 |title=A  classification of living and fossil genera of decapod crustaceans |author1=Sammy De Grave |author2=N. Dean Pentcheff |author3=Shane T. Ahyong |url=http://rmbr.nus.edu.sg/rbz/biblio/s21/s21rbz1-109.pdf |format=[PDF](/source/Portable_Document_Format) |display-authors=etal |archive-date=2011-06-06 |access-date=2010-01-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110606064728/http://rmbr.nus.edu.sg/rbz/biblio/s21/s21rbz1-109.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>
{{div col|colwidth=21em}}
*[Actaeinae](/source/Actaeinae) {{small|Alcock, 1898}}
**''[Actaea](/source/Actaea_(crab))'' {{small|De Haan, 1833}}
**''[Actaeodes](/source/Actaeodes)'' {{small|Dana, 1851}}
**''[Actaeops](/source/Actaeops)'' † {{small|Portell & Collins, 2004}}
**''[Allactaea](/source/Allactaea)'' {{small|Williams, 1974}}
**''[Eoxanthops](/source/Eoxanthops)'' † {{small|Beschin, Busulini, Tessier & Zorzin, 2016}}
**''[Epiactaea](/source/Epiactaea)'' {{small|Serène, 1984}}
**''[Epiactaeodes](/source/Epiactaeodes)'' {{small|Serène, 1984}}
**''[Forestiana](/source/Forestiana)'' {{small|[Guinot](/source/Dani%C3%A8le_Guinot) & Low, 2010}}
**''[Gaillardiellus](/source/Gaillardiellus)'' {{small|[Guinot](/source/Dani%C3%A8le_Guinot), 1976}}
**''[Heteractaea](/source/Heteractaea)'' {{small|Lockington, 1877}}
**''[Lambropsis](/source/Lambropsis)'' † {{small|Lőrenthey, 1907}}
**''[Lobiactaea](/source/Lobiactaea)'' {{small|T. Sakai, 1983}}
**''[Meractaea](/source/Meractaea)'' {{small|Serène, 1984}}
**''[Novactaea](/source/Novactaea)'' {{small|[Guinot](/source/Dani%C3%A8le_Guinot), 1976}}
**''[Odhnea](/source/Odhnea)'' {{small|[Ng](/source/Peter_Kee_Lin_Ng) & Low, 2010}}
**''[Paractaea](/source/Paractaea)'' {{small|[Guinot](/source/Dani%C3%A8le_Guinot), 1969}}
**''[Paractaeopsis](/source/Paractaeopsis)'' {{small|Serène, 1984}}
**''[Phlyctenodes](/source/Phlyctenodes)'' † {{small|A. Milne-Edwards, 1862}}
**''[Platyactaea](/source/Platyactaea)'' {{small|[Guinot](/source/Dani%C3%A8le_Guinot), 1967}}
**''[Pseudoliomera](/source/Pseudoliomera)'' {{small|Odhner, 1925}}
**''[Pseudophlyctenodes](/source/Pseudophlyctenodes)'' † {{small|Busulini, Tessier & Beschin, 2006}}
**''[Rata](/source/Rata_(crab))'' {{small|Davie, 1993}}
**''[Serenius](/source/Serenius)'' {{small|[Guinot](/source/Dani%C3%A8le_Guinot), 1976}}
*[Banareiinae](/source/Banareiinae) {{small|Števčić, 2005}}
**''[Banareia](/source/Banareia)'' {{small|A. Milne-Edwards, 1869}}
**''[Calvactaea](/source/Calvactaea)'' {{small|Ward, 1933}}
**''[Pseudactaea](/source/Pseudactaea)'' {{small|[Guinot](/source/Dani%C3%A8le_Guinot), 1971}}
**''[Trichia](/source/Trichia_(crab))'' {{small|Rathbun, 1897}}
*[Chlorodiellinae](/source/Chlorodiellinae) {{small|[Ng](/source/Peter_Kee_Lin_Ng) & Holthuis, 2007}}
**''[Chlorodiella](/source/Chlorodiella)'' {{small|Rathbun, 1897}}
**''[Cyclodius](/source/Cyclodius)'' {{small|Dana, 1851}}
**''[Liocarpilodes](/source/Liocarpilodes)'' {{small|Klunzinger, 1913}}
**''[Luniella](/source/Luniella)'' {{small|Lasley, Klaus & [Ng](/source/Peter_Kee_Lin_Ng), 2015}}
**''[Pilodius](/source/Pilodius)'' {{small|Dana, 1851}}
**''[Ratha](/source/Ratha_(crab))'' {{small|Lasley, Lai & Thoma, 2013}}
**''[Soliella](/source/Soliella)'' {{small|Lasley, Klaus & [Ng](/source/Peter_Kee_Lin_Ng), 2015}}
**''[Sulcodius](/source/Sulcodius)'' {{small|P. F. Clark & [Ng](/source/Peter_Kee_Lin_Ng), 1999}}
**''[Tweedieia](/source/Tweedieia)'' {{small|Ward, 1935}}
**''[Vellodius](/source/Vellodius)'' {{small|[Ng](/source/Peter_Kee_Lin_Ng) & Yang, 1998}}
*[Cymoinae](/source/Cymoinae) {{small|Alcock, 1898}}
**''[Cymo](/source/Cymo_(crab))'' {{small|De Haan, 1833}}
*[Etisinae](/source/Etisinae) {{small|Ortmann, 1893}}
**''[Etisus](/source/Etisus)'' {{small|H. Milne-Edwards, 1834}}
**''[Paraetisus](/source/Paraetisus)'' {{small|Ward, 1933}}
*[Euxanthinae](/source/Euxanthinae) {{small|Alcock, 1898}}
**''[Alainodaeus](/source/Alainodaeus)'' {{small|Davie, 1993}}
**''[Batodaeus](/source/Batodaeus)'' {{small|Vázquez-Bader & Gracia, 2004}}
**''[Carpoporus](/source/Carpoporus)'' {{small|Stimpson, 1871}}
**''[Cranaothus](/source/Cranaothus)'' {{small|[Ng](/source/Peter_Kee_Lin_Ng), 1993}}
**''[Crosnierius](/source/Crosnierius)'' {{small|Serène & Vadon, 1981}}
**''[Danielea](/source/Danielea)'' {{small|[Ng](/source/Peter_Kee_Lin_Ng) & P. F. Clark, 2003}}
**''[Edwardsium](/source/Edwardsium)'' {{small|[Guinot](/source/Dani%C3%A8le_Guinot), 1967}}
**''[Epistocavea](/source/Epistocavea)'' {{small|Davie, 1993}}
**''[Euxanthus](/source/Euxanthus)'' {{small|Dana, 1851}}
**''[Gothus](/source/Gothus_(crab))'' {{small|Yuan, Jiang, and Sha, 2024}}{{efn|Provisionally placed in Euxanthinae, although its phylogenetic position is unstable.}}
**''[Guinotellus](/source/Guinotellus)'' {{small|Serène, 1971}}
**''[Hepatoporus](/source/Hepatoporus)'' {{small|Serène, 1984}}
**''[Hypocolpus](/source/Hypocolpus)'' {{small|Rathbun, 1897}}
**''[Jacforus](/source/Jacforus)'' {{small|[Ng](/source/Peter_Kee_Lin_Ng) & P. F. Clark, 2003}}
**''[Ladomedaeus](/source/Ladomedaeus)'' {{small|Števčić, 2005}}
**''[Lipaesthesius](/source/Lipaesthesius)'' {{small|Rathbun, 1898}}
**''[Lipkemedaeus](/source/Lipkemedaeus)'' {{small|Števčić, 2011}}
**''[Medaeops](/source/Medaeops)'' {{small|[Guinot](/source/Dani%C3%A8le_Guinot), 1967}}
**''[Medaeus](/source/Medaeus)'' {{small|Dana, 1851}}
**''[Miersiella](/source/Miersiella_(crab))'' {{small|[Guinot](/source/Dani%C3%A8le_Guinot), 1967}}
**''[Monodaeus](/source/Monodaeus)'' {{small|[Guinot](/source/Dani%C3%A8le_Guinot), 1967}}
**''[Olenothus](/source/Olenothus)'' {{small|[Ng](/source/Peter_Kee_Lin_Ng), 2002}}
**''[Palatigum](/source/Palatigum)'' {{small|Davie, 1997}}
**''[Paramedaeus](/source/Paramedaeus)'' {{small|[Guinot](/source/Dani%C3%A8le_Guinot), 1967}}
**''[Paraxanthodes](/source/Paraxanthodes)'' {{small|[Guinot](/source/Dani%C3%A8le_Guinot), 1968}}
**''[Pilomedaeus](/source/Pilomedaeus)'' {{small|Takeda & Komatsu, 2011}}
**''[Pleurocolpus](/source/Pleurocolpus)'' {{small|Crosnier, 1995}}
**''[Psaumis](/source/Psaumis)'' {{small|Kossmann, 1877}}
**''[Rizalthus](/source/Rizalthus)'' {{small|Mendoza & [Ng](/source/Peter_Kee_Lin_Ng), 2008}}
**''[Takedax](/source/Takedax)'' {{small|Mendoza & [Ng](/source/Peter_Kee_Lin_Ng), 2012}}
**''[Visayax](/source/Visayax)'' {{small|Mendoza & [Ng](/source/Peter_Kee_Lin_Ng), 2008}}
*[Glyptoxanthinae](/source/Glyptoxanthinae) {{small|Mendoza & [Guinot](/source/Dani%C3%A8le_Guinot), 2011}}&nbsp;<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Jose Christopher E. Mendoza  |author2=Danièle [Guinot](/source/Dani%C3%A8le_Guinot)  |name-list-style=amp |year=2011 |title=Revision of the genus ''Glyptoxanthus'' A. Milne-Edwards, 1879, and establishment of Glyptoxanthinae nov. subfam. (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Xanthidae) |journal=[Zootaxa](/source/Zootaxa) |volume=3015 |pages=29–51 |url=http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/2011/f/z03015p051f.pdf |format=[PDF](/source/Portable_Document_Format) excerpt}}</ref>
**''[Glyptoxanthus](/source/Glyptoxanthus)'' {{small|A. Milne-Edwards, 1879}}
*[Kraussiinae](/source/Kraussiinae) {{small|[Ng](/source/Peter_Kee_Lin_Ng), 1993}}
**''[Garthasia](/source/Garthasia)'' {{small|[Ng](/source/Peter_Kee_Lin_Ng), 1993}}
**''[Kraussia](/source/Kraussia_(crab))'' {{small|Dana, 1852}}
**''[Palapedia](/source/Palapedia)'' {{small|[Ng](/source/Peter_Kee_Lin_Ng), 1993}}
*[Liomerinae](/source/Liomerinae) {{small|T. Sakai, 1976}}
**''[Actiomera](/source/Actiomera)'' {{small|[Ng](/source/Peter_Kee_Lin_Ng), [Guinot](/source/Dani%C3%A8le_Guinot) & Davie, 2008}}
**''[Bruciana](/source/Bruciana)'' {{small|Serène, 1977}}
**''[Liomera](/source/Liomera)'' {{small|Dana, 1851}}
**''[Lipkemera](/source/Lipkemera)'' {{small|Davie, 2010}}
**''[Neoliomera](/source/Neoliomera)'' {{small|Odhner, 1925}}
**''[Neomeria](/source/Neomeria)'' † {{small|C.-H. Hu & Tao, 1996}}
**''[Paraliomera](/source/Paraliomera)'' {{small|Rathbun, 1930}}
*[Polydectinae](/source/Polydectinae) {{small|Dana, 1851}}
**''[Lybia](/source/Lybia)'' {{small|H. Milne-Edwards, 1834}}
**''[Polydectus](/source/Polydectus)'' {{small|H. Milne-Edwards, 1837}}
**''[Tunebia](/source/Tunebia)'' {{small|Mendoza & [Ng](/source/Peter_Kee_Lin_Ng), 2011}}
*[Xanthinae](/source/Xanthinae) {{small|MacLeay, 1838}}
**''[Aldrovandiopanope](/source/Aldrovandiopanope)'' {{small|Števčić, 2011}}
**''[Aristotelopanope](/source/Aristotelopanope)'' {{small|Števčić, 2011}}
**''[Bottoxanthodes](/source/Bottoxanthodes)'' {{small|Števčić, 2011}}
**''[Camilohelleria](/source/Camilohelleria)'' {{small|Števčić, 2011}}
**''[Cataleptodius](/source/Cataleptodius)'' {{small|[Guinot](/source/Dani%C3%A8le_Guinot), 1968}}
**''[Coralliope](/source/Coralliope)'' {{small|[Guinot](/source/Dani%C3%A8le_Guinot), 1967}}
**''[Cycloxanthops](/source/Cycloxanthops)'' {{small|Rathbun, 1897}}
**''[Demania](/source/Demania)'' {{small|Laurie, 1906}}
**''[Epixanthops](/source/Epixanthops)'' {{small|Serène, 1984}}
**''[Eurycassiope](/source/Eurycassiope)'' {{small|Mendoza, 2023}}
**''[Euryxanthops](/source/Euryxanthops)'' {{small|Garth & Kim, 1983}}
**''[Gaudichaudia](/source/Gaudichaudia_(crab))'' {{small|Rathbun, 1930}}
**''[Guitonia](/source/Guitonia)'' {{small|Garth & Iliffe, 1992}}
**''[Juxtaxanthias](/source/Juxtaxanthias)'' {{small|Ward, 1942}}
**''[Lachnopodus](/source/Lachnopodus)'' {{small|Stimpson, 1858}}
**''[Leptodius](/source/Leptodius)'' {{small|A. Milne-Edwards, 1863}}
**''[Liagore](/source/Liagore)'' {{small|De Haan, 1833}}
**''[Lioxanthodes](/source/Lioxanthodes)'' {{small|Calman, 1909}}
**''[Macromedaeus](/source/Macromedaeus)'' {{small|Ward, 1942}}
**''[Marratha](/source/Marratha)'' {{small|[Ng](/source/Peter_Kee_Lin_Ng) & P. F. Clark, 2003}}
**''[Megametope](/source/Megametope)'' {{small|Filhol, 1886}}
**''[Megamia](/source/Megamia)'' † {{small|Karasawa, 1993}}
**''[Metaxanthops](/source/Metaxanthops)'' {{small|Serène, 1984}}
**''[Metopoxantho](/source/Metopoxantho)'' † {{small|De Man, 1904}}
**''[Neolioxantho](/source/Neolioxantho)'' {{small|Garth & Kim, 1983}}
**''[Neoxanthias](/source/Neoxanthias)'' {{small|Ward, 1932}}
**''[Neoxanthops](/source/Neoxanthops)'' {{small|[Guinot](/source/Dani%C3%A8le_Guinot), 1968}}
**''[Orphnoxanthus](/source/Orphnoxanthus)'' {{small|Alcock, 1896}}
**''[Ovatis](/source/Ovatis)'' {{small|[Ng](/source/Peter_Kee_Lin_Ng) & H.-I. Chen, 2004}}
**''[Palaeoxanthops](/source/Palaeoxanthops)'' † {{small|Karasawa, 1993}}
**''[Paraxanthias](/source/Paraxanthias)'' {{small|Odhner, 1925}}
**''[Paraxanthus](/source/Paraxanthus)'' {{small|Lucas, 1844}}
**''[Pestoxanthodes](/source/Pestoxanthodes)'' {{small|Števčić, 2011}}
**''[Pseudomedaeus](/source/Pseudomedaeus)'' {{small|[Guinot](/source/Dani%C3%A8le_Guinot), 1968}}
**''[Wardoxanthops](/source/Wardoxanthops)'' {{small|Števčić, 2011}}
**''[Williamstimpsonia](/source/Williamstimpsonia)'' {{small|Števčić, 2011}}
**''[Xanthias](/source/Xanthias_(crab))'' {{small|Rathbun, 1897}}
**''[Xantho](/source/Xantho)'' {{small|Leach, 1814}}
**''[Xanthodius](/source/Xanthodius)'' {{small|Stimpson, 1859}}
*[Zosiminae](/source/Zosiminae) {{small|Alcock, 1898}}
**''[Atergatis](/source/Atergatis_(crab))'' {{small|De Haan, 1833}}
**''[Atergatopsis](/source/Atergatopsis)'' {{small|A. Milne-Edwards, 1862}}
**''[Lophozozymus](/source/Lophozozymus)'' {{small|A. Milne-Edwards, 1863}}
**''[Paratergatis](/source/Paratergatis)'' {{small|T. Sakai, 1965}}
**''[Platypodia](/source/Platypodia)'' {{small|Bell, 1835}}
**''[Platypodiella](/source/Platypodiella)'' {{small|[Guinot](/source/Dani%C3%A8le_Guinot), 1967}}
**''[Pulcratis](/source/Pulcratis)'' {{small|[Ng](/source/Peter_Kee_Lin_Ng) & Huang, 1977}}
**''[Zosimus](/source/Zosimus_(crab))'' {{small|Leach, 1818}}
**''[Zozymodes](/source/Zozymodes)'' {{small|Heller, 1861}}
*''[Incertae sedis](/source/Incertae_sedis)''
**''[Haydnella](/source/Haydnella)'' † {{small|Müller, 1984}}
**''[Nogarolia](/source/Nogarolia)'' † {{small|Beschin, Busulini, De Angeli & Tessier, 1994}}
**''[Sculptoplax](/source/Sculptoplax)'' † {{small|Müller & Collins, 1991}}
{{div col end}}

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{Reflist|32em}}

==External links==
*{{Commons category-inline}}
*{{Wikispecies-inline}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q648406}}
{{Authority control}}
{{Portal bar|Crustaceans}}

Category:Xanthidae
Category:Xanthoidea
Category:Decapod families
Category:Taxa named by William Sharp Macleay
Category:Long stubs with short prose

{{Xanthoidea-stub}}

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Xanthidae](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xanthidae) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xanthidae?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.