# X Corp.

> Mediated Wiki article. Canonical URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/X_Corp.
> Markdown URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/X_Corp..md
> Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X_Corp.
> Source revision: 1356024430
> License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)

"X Corporation" redirects here. For the fictional Marvel Comics institution, see [X-Corporation](/source/X-Corporation).

For other uses, see [X Corps (disambiguation)](/source/X_Corps_(disambiguation)).

**X Corp.** is an American [technology company](/source/Technology_company) headquartered in [Bastrop, Texas](/source/Bastrop,_Texas).[5] Established by [Elon Musk](/source/Elon_Musk) in 2023 as the successor to [Twitter, Inc.](/source/Twitter,_Inc.), it is a wholly owned subsidiary of [xAI](/source/SpaceXAI) since March 28, 2025,[6][7][8] which is itself a subsidiary of [SpaceX](/source/SpaceX) since February 2, 2026. The company owns the social networking service [X](/source/X_(social_network)), and has announced plans to use it as a base for other offerings, including the incorporation of xAI's [Grok](/source/Grok_(chatbot)) and Grok Imagine models. They also own the trademarks of Twitter, as well as defunct services [Vine](/source/Vine_(service)), [Periscope](/source/Periscope_(service)), and [X.com](/source/X.com_(bank)).[9][10][11][12][13]

## History

### Conceptualization and planning (2022–2023)

See also: [Acquisition of Twitter by Elon Musk](/source/Acquisition_of_Twitter_by_Elon_Musk)

In April 2022, filings submitted to the [Securities and Exchange Commission](/source/United_States_Securities_and_Exchange_Commission) (SEC) revealed Musk had formed three corporate entities in [Delaware](/source/Delaware), one was X Corp, another was X Holdings and another was X Holdings Corp. According to the filings, one of the entities was to merge with [Twitter, Inc.](/source/Twitter,_Inc.), while another was to serve as the parent company of the newly merged company. A third entity would then help take on a US$13 billion loan provided by various large banks to acquire [Twitter](/source/X_(social_network)).[14]

The name "X" dates back to [X.com](/source/X.com_(bank)), an online bank co-founded by Musk in 1999. In March 2000, X.com merged with competitor [Confinity](/source/Confinity) to create [PayPal](/source/PayPal).[15] Musk considered forming a holding company named "X" for [Tesla, Inc.](/source/Tesla,_Inc.) and [SpaceX](/source/SpaceX) in August 2012.[16] In July 2017, Musk reacquired the domain X.com, for an undisclosed amount, from PayPal.[17] Musk reaffirmed his support for the name "X" in December 2020, replying to a Twitter user who renewed calls for Musk to form a new holding company under that name, although he dismissed the idea of X acquiring his businesses.[18]

The concept for X solidified in October 2022, when Musk tweeted that acquiring Twitter is "an accelerant to creating X, the [Super app](/source/Super_app)". According to Musk, Twitter would accelerate the creation of X by "3 to 5 years". Musk expressed interest in creating an app similar to [WeChat](/source/WeChat)—a Chinese instant messaging, social media, and mobile payment app—on a podcast in May 2022.[19] In June, Musk told Twitter employees that Twitter is a "digital town square" that should be all-encompassing, like WeChat.[20] In a [Morgan Stanley](/source/Morgan_Stanley) conference in March 2023, Musk touted X once again as the potentially "biggest financial institution in the world".[21] On October 27, 2022, Musk [acquired](/source/Acquisition_of_Twitter_by_Elon_Musk) Twitter for $44 billion, and subsequently became its [CEO](/source/Chief_executive_officer).[22]

### Formation (2023–present)

On March 9, 2023, Musk registered X Corp. in [Nevada](/source/Nevada). On the same day, Musk registered the [artificial intelligence](/source/Artificial_intelligence) (AI) company [X.AI Corp](/source/SpaceXAI).[23] Later that month, Musk applied to merge X Holdings with X Holdings Corp. and [Twitter, Inc.](/source/Twitter,_Inc.) with X Corp.[14] In the filing, Musk revealed that X Holdings Corp. had $2 million in capital, but X Holdings Corp. would serve as the parent company for X Corp.[24] In a company-wide email that month, Musk announced that Twitter employees would receive stock in X Corp.[25]

In an April 2023 court filing for an ongoing lawsuit filed by political activist [Laura Loomer](/source/Laura_Loomer) against Twitter and its former CEO [Jack Dorsey](/source/Jack_Dorsey), Twitter, Inc. notified the court that it had been consolidated into X Corp., a Nevada corporation based in [Carson City](/source/Carson_City,_Nevada). A similar filing was made in the [U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Florida](/source/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Southern_District_of_Florida).[26]

On May 11, 2023, Musk tweeted that he had found his replacement as Twitter and X Corp.'s CEO. The next day, on May 12, 2023, he named [Linda Yaccarino](/source/Linda_Yaccarino) as the new CEO, adding that she "will focus primarily on business operations, while I focus on product design & new technology".[27] Musk said he would transition his role to executive chairman and chief technology officer.[28] Yaccarino succeeded Musk on June 5, 2023.[29]

At the end of May 2023, [Fidelity Investments](/source/Fidelity_Investments) estimated the company's value at $15 billion.[30] This was later increased to a value of $27 billion by July,[31][32] and up to about $28.5 billion by the end of August.[33][34] In March 2025, the value of the social media platform has soared back to the $44 billion.[35]

The company erected a giant illuminated "X" on the roof of its San Francisco headquarters in July 2023 without obtaining required permits. 24 complaints were filed by neighbors concerned about the bright flashing light and structural integrity. Inspectors were twice denied roof access, and the city cited the company for a building code violation. X removed the sign after a few days.[36][37]

In August 2023, CEO Linda Yaccarino stated that she has "operational autonomy" under owner Elon Musk to run the business, and that she is involved in everything that goes into running the company.[38][39] Yaccarino also opened up on the reasoning behind Twitter's "controversial" name change to X,[40] wherein she stated that the rebranding was essentially a "liberation" from Twitter. Yaccarino also went on to say that if users had stayed with Twitter, then changes would only be "incremental" and that with X, they think about "what's possible".[41]

In October 2023, the marketing agency X Social Media filed a lawsuit against X Corp. alleging a violation of its trademark of the letter X.[42]

On July 16, 2024, Elon Musk posted that X Corp. would move its headquarters from [San Francisco](/source/San_Francisco) to [Austin, Texas](/source/Austin,_Texas), after posting that [SpaceX](/source/SpaceX) would move its headquarters from [Hawthorne, California](/source/Hawthorne,_California) to [Starbase, Texas](/source/Starbase,_Texas).[43] This was a direct response to California Governor [Gavin Newsom](/source/Gavin_Newsom) signing a law that bans schools in the state from notifying parents of a child's gender identification change.[44]

On August 17, 2024, X Corp. ceased operations in [Brazil](/source/Brazil). The X platform was [blocked nationwide](/source/Blocking_of_X_in_Brazil) shortly after and unblocked on October 8, 2024.[45][46]

On September 13, 2024, X Corp. moved its headquarters from [San Francisco](/source/San_Francisco) to [Bastrop, Texas](/source/Bastrop,_Texas), according to records filed with the California Secretary of State.[47][48][49]

At the end of September 2024, Fidelity's estimation of the value of X shares reflected a decline of 79% from when Musk had acquired Twitter two years earlier.[50]

[Mahmoud Reza Banki](/source/Mahmoud_Reza_Banki) joined the company as its first publicly announced chief financial officer in November 2024.[51]

On January 1, 2025, X Corp. registered to do business in the State of Texas under the assumed name “X Internet Corp.” According to records filed with the Texas Secretary of State, X Corp. designated CT Corporation System as its registered agent for service of process.[52]

In February 2025, Musk was reportedly in talks for a new round of financing at a $44 billion valuation, thus returning to the valuation at the time of the purchase of Twitter.[53]

On March 28, 2025, Elon Musk announced that [xAI](/source/SpaceXAI) acquired the company. The deal, an all-stock transaction, valued X at $33 billion, with a full valuation of $45 billion when factoring in $12 billion in debt. Meanwhile, xAI was valued at $80 billion. Both companies became subsidiaries of a new entity called X.AI Holdings Corp.[54][55][56][57]

On July 9, 2025, Linda Yaccarino announced that she would be stepping down from the company.[58]

## Controversies

Main article: [List of lawsuits involving X Corp.](/source/List_of_lawsuits_involving_X_Corp.)

### Center for Countering Digital Hate

On June 1, 2023, the [Center for Countering Digital Hate](/source/Center_for_Countering_Digital_Hate) (CCDH) reported that X, formerly named Twitter, had "failed to act" on 99% of hate posted by [Twitter Blue](/source/X_(social_network)) subscribers. The CCDH then described several tweets containing such hateful messages that allegedly contained "[racist](/source/Racism), [homophobic](/source/Homophobia), [neo-Nazi](/source/Neo-Nazism), [antisemitic](/source/Antisemitism) or [conspiracy](/source/Conspiracy) content".[59][60]

In response, X Corp. mentioned that the platform encouraged [diversity](/source/Human_genetic_variation) and [free speech](/source/Freedom_of_speech), stating that "more than 99.99% of post impressions are healthy" in a blog post.[61] The post further mentioned that the CCDH was spreading "false and misleading claims" that might have negative financial repercussions as it encouraged advertisers to halt investment on X.[62] The blog also further described the CCDH as a "scare campaign" working continuously to prevent "public dialogue", alleging that the CCDH's research utilized metrics that were purposely put "out of context to make unsubstantiated assertions about X".[63] X then filed a [legal claim](/source/Cause_of_action) against CCDH and the [European Climate Foundation](/source/European_Climate_Foundation), which it alleged was providing the information used in CCDH's research, and that X denied all claims stated by the CCDH.[64][65][66][67]

On March 25, 2024, District Judge [Charles Breyer](/source/Charles_Breyer) determined the case was a [strategic lawsuit against public participation](/source/Strategic_lawsuit_against_public_participation) and granted CCDH's [special motion to strike](/source/Special_motion_to_strike) X Corp.'s suit, writing that "This case is about punishing the Defendants for their speech".[68][69]

### Antisemitism

On November 16, 2023, [Media Matters for America](/source/Media_Matters_for_America), a left-leaning watchdog group, published a report stating that X was placing ads for various companies including [Apple](/source/Apple_Inc.), [IBM](/source/IBM), and [Oracle](/source/Oracle_Corporation), alongside pro-Nazi content.[70] Published following Musk's endorsement of an antisemitic conspiracy theory, major advertisers like [Microsoft](/source/Microsoft) and Apple left the platform, leading to an estimated loss of around $75 million by the end of 2023.[71] This led to a lawsuit by X Corp. against Media Matters, alleging that it had "exploited" the platform into making the ads appear the way they did as a result of excessive scrolling and curating its feed with "fringe" content.[72][73]

### Litigation

In August 2024, Omid Kordestani, former executive chairman of Twitter (now X Corp.), filed a lawsuit against X Corp. in California Superior Court. Kordestani alleges that Elon Musk is refusing to cash out more than $20 million worth of shares owed to him as compensation for his service. This suit follows a March 2024 lawsuit by four former Twitter executives, who claim Musk withheld over $128 million in severance payments after their dismissal.[74]

In August 2024, X filed a lawsuit against the [Global Alliance for Responsible Media](/source/World_Federation_of_Advertisers) (GARM) for "conspiring" to "collectively withhold billions in advertising" revenue from the company. The boycotts by companies [CVS](/source/CVS_Pharmacy), [Unilever](/source/Unilever), [Mars Inc.](/source/Mars_Inc.), [Ørsted](/source/%C3%98rsted_(company)) and other companies not specifically named in the lawsuit were alleged to be a "coercive exercise of market power" and a violation of [antitrust laws](/source/Competition_law).[75] As a result, the GARM ceased operations citing limited resources.[76] In February 2025, an amended complaint named [Nestlé](/source/Nestl%C3%A9), [Abbott Laboratories](/source/Abbott_Laboratories), [Colgate-Palmolive](/source/Colgate-Palmolive), [Lego](/source/Lego), [Pinterest](/source/Pinterest), [Tyson Foods](/source/Tyson_Foods) and [Shell International](/source/Shell_plc) and accused them of "celebrating" when X did not do as well as expected.[77]

In 2026, the Federal Court of Australia upheld a regulatory fine against X Corp. after the company admitted it had failed to fully comply with a transparency notice issued in 2023 by Australia’s eSafety Commissioner regarding child sexual exploitation and online safety measures. The regulator found that X did not provide complete responses to questions concerning its policies and enforcement practices, which led to enforcement action. The court ruled that X had contravened Australia’s Online Safety Act by not providing the required information within the specified timeframe. The dispute, which began in early 2023, ended with X accepting liability for the noncompliance. The court ordered X Corp. to pay a civil penalty of 650,000 Australian dollars, along with 100,000 Australian dollars in legal costs. X’s legal representatives said the issue occurred during a period of corporate transition following Elon Musk’s acquisition of Twitter.[78][79]

## Notes

1. In an April 4, 2023, court filing, [Twitter, Inc.](/source/Twitter,_Inc.) disclosed that it no longer existed and was consolidated into X Corp. The corporation was created under [Nevada corporate law](/source/Nevada_corporation) on March 9, 2023.[80]

1. Between 2025 and 2026, X Corp.'s parent company was xAI, which was folded into SpaceX to create SpaceXAI in May 2026.

## References

### Citations

1. ["Elon Musk says xAI acquired X"](https://techcrunch.com/2025/03/28/elon-musk-says-xai-acquired-x/). *Techcrunch*. March 28, 2025. Retrieved March 28, 2025.

1. Capoot, Ashley (January 9, 2024). ["Elon Musk's X to launch peer-to-peer payments this year"](https://www.cnbc.com/2024/01/09/elon-musks-x-to-launch-peer-to-peer-payments-this-year-.html). CNBC. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20240111204648/https://www.cnbc.com/2024/01/09/elon-musks-x-to-launch-peer-to-peer-payments-this-year-.html) January 11, 2024 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved February 15, 2024.

1. Saeedy, Alexander & Baer, Justin (February 5, 2024). ["Banks Sell $5.5 Billion of X Loans After Investor Interest Surges"](https://www.wsj.com/finance/banks-sell-5-5-billion-of-x-loans-after-investor-interest-surges-4b84f89c). *[The Wall Street Journal](/source/The_Wall_Street_Journal)*. [Archived](https://archive.today/20250205201113/https://www.wsj.com/finance/banks-sell-5-5-billion-of-x-loans-after-investor-interest-surges-4b84f89c) February 5, 2025 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved February 6, 2025.

1. ["Twitter-turned-X CEO Linda Yaccarino focuses on winning back big brands on Elon Musk's platform"](https://apnews.com/article/twitter-x-corp-ceo-linda-yaccarino-elon-musk-0131c61ac296955d424fd057f6b0196d). *Associated Press News*. August 10, 2023. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20231008165105/https://apnews.com/article/twitter-x-corp-ceo-linda-yaccarino-elon-musk-0131c61ac296955d424fd057f6b0196d) October 8, 2023 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved August 13, 2023.

1. Emerson, Sarah. ["Elon Musk Has Officially Moved X To Texas"](https://www.forbes.com/sites/sarahemerson/2024/09/18/elon-musk-has-officially-moved-x-to-texas/). *Forbes*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20241003131842/https://www.forbes.com/sites/sarahemerson/2024/09/18/elon-musk-has-officially-moved-x-to-texas/) October 3, 2024 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 2024-09-20.

1. ["Musk says his new AI chatbot has 'a little humour'"](https://www.bbc.com/news/business-67327060). *[BBC News](/source/BBC_News)*. November 5, 2023. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20231108012606/https://www.bbc.com/news/business-67327060) November 8, 2023 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved November 8, 2023.

1. Dean, Jason. ["Elon Musk Says His New AI Bot 'Grok' Will Have Sarcasm and Access to X Information"](https://www.wsj.com/tech/ai/elon-musk-says-his-new-ai-bot-grok-will-have-sarcasm-and-access-to-x-information-b4e169de). *WSJ*. Wall Street Journal. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20231104171521/https://www.wsj.com/tech/ai/elon-musk-says-his-new-ai-bot-grok-will-have-sarcasm-and-access-to-x-information-b4e169de) November 4, 2023 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved November 4, 2023.

1. Wiggers, Kyle (2024-12-07). ["Elon Musk's X gains a new image generator, Aurora"](https://techcrunch.com/2024/12/07/elon-musks-x-gains-a-new-image-generator-aurora/). *TechCrunch*. Retrieved 2024-12-07.

1. Brown, Ryan (April 13, 2023). ["Twitter partners with eToro to let users trade stocks, crypto as Musk pushes app into finance"](https://www.cnbc.com/2023/04/13/twitter-to-let-users-access-stocks-crypto-via-etoro-in-finance-push.html). CNBC. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20230413082513/https://www.cnbc.com/2023/04/13/twitter-to-let-users-access-stocks-crypto-via-etoro-in-finance-push.html) April 13, 2023 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved April 13, 2023.

1. Capoot, Ashley (July 29, 2023). ["X logo officially replaces Twitter's famous bird on mobile app, building headquarters"](https://www.cnbc.com/2023/07/29/x-logo-officially-replaces-twitters-famous-bird-on-mobile-app-.html). CNBC. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20230731224836/https://www.cnbc.com/2023/07/29/x-logo-officially-replaces-twitters-famous-bird-on-mobile-app-.html) July 31, 2023 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved August 1, 2023.

1. Mueller, Saira (2024-02-23). ["Why can't we stop calling it Twitter? Experts and insiders weigh in | CNN Business"](https://www.cnn.com/2024/02/23/tech/twitter-x-rebrand-cec/index.html). *CNN*. [Archived](https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20260228130240/https://x.com/XShop/status/1913293158806417774) February 28, 2026 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 2024-08-04.

1. ["X Shop on X: "4.21.2025.mp4" / X"](https://x.com/XShop/status/1913293158806417774)

1. Roth, Emma (2025-12-16). ["‘Twitter never left:’ X sues Operation Bluebird for trademark infringement"](https://www.theverge.com/news/845882/x-corp-operation-bluebird-twitter-lawsuit-trademark-infringement). *The Verge*. Retrieved 2026-03-01.

1. Pahwa, Nitish & Joseph Stern, Mark (April 10, 2023). ["Twitter Isn't a Company Anymore"](https://slate.com/technology/2023/04/twitter-inc-x-corp-elon-musk-x-nevada.html). *[Slate](/source/Slate_(magazine))*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20230418023557/https://slate.com/technology/2023/04/twitter-inc-x-corp-elon-musk-x-nevada.html) April 18, 2023 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved April 11, 2023.

1. Vance 2017, pp. 77–78.

1. ["Musk says may form holding company for Tesla, SpaceX"](https://www.reuters.com/article/us-tesla-spacex/musk-says-may-form-holding-company-for-tesla-spacex-idUSBRE87U0KR20120831). *[Reuters](/source/Reuters)*. August 31, 2012. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20230412033240/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-tesla-spacex/musk-says-may-form-holding-company-for-tesla-spacex-idUSBRE87U0KR20120831) April 12, 2023 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved April 11, 2023.

1. Huang, Echo (July 11, 2017). ["Elon Musk bought a web domain worth millions with 'sentimental value' to him"](https://qz.com/1026167/elon-musk-just-bought-x-com-the-domain-he-once-owned-from-paypal). *[Quartz](/source/Quartz_(publication))*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20230412033241/https://qz.com/1026167/elon-musk-just-bought-x-com-the-domain-he-once-owned-from-paypal) April 12, 2023 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved April 11, 2023.

1. O'Kane, Sean (April 21, 2022). ["Musk Forms 'X Holdings' After Hints at a Parent Company for Tesla, SpaceX"](https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-04-21/musk-forms-x-holdings-after-hints-at-parent-for-tesla-spacex). [Bloomberg News](/source/Bloomberg_News). [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20230416071316/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-04-21/musk-forms-x-holdings-after-hints-at-parent-for-tesla-spacex) April 16, 2023 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved April 11, 2023.

1. Huang, Kalley (October 6, 2022). ["What Does X Mean to Elon Musk?"](https://www.nytimes.com/2022/10/06/technology/elon-musk-x.html). *[The New York Times](/source/The_New_York_Times)*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20230410133325/https://www.nytimes.com/2022/10/06/technology/elon-musk-x.html) April 10, 2023 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved April 11, 2023.

1. Isaac, Mike (June 16, 2022). ["Elon Musk tells Twitter's employees he wants the service to 'contribute to a better, long-lasting civilization.'"](https://www.nytimes.com/2022/06/16/technology/elon-musk-twitter-employees-meeting.html). *[The New York Times](/source/The_New_York_Times)*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20230114225902/https://www.nytimes.com/2022/06/16/technology/elon-musk-twitter-employees-meeting.html) January 14, 2023 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved April 11, 2023.

1. Saul, Derek (March 7, 2023). ["Musk's New Twitter Dream: Become 'Biggest Financial Institution In The World'"](https://www.forbes.com/sites/dereksaul/2023/03/07/musks-new-twitter-dream-become-biggest-financial-institution-in-the-world/). *[Forbes](/source/Forbes)*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20230412040417/https://www.forbes.com/sites/dereksaul/2023/03/07/musks-new-twitter-dream-become-biggest-financial-institution-in-the-world/) April 12, 2023 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved April 11, 2023.

1. Conger, Kate & Hirsch, Lauren (October 27, 2022). ["Elon Musk Completes $44 Billion Deal to Own Twitter"](https://www.nytimes.com/2022/10/27/technology/elon-musk-twitter-deal-complete.html). *[The New York Times](/source/The_New_York_Times)*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20221029090805/https://www.nytimes.com/2022/10/27/technology/elon-musk-twitter-deal-complete.html) October 29, 2022 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved April 11, 2023.

1. Peters, Jay & Roth, Emma (April 14, 2023). ["Elon Musk founds new AI company called X.AI"](https://www.theverge.com/2023/4/14/23684005/elon-musk-new-ai-company-x). [The Verge](/source/The_Verge). [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20230414223834/https://www.theverge.com/2023/4/14/23684005/elon-musk-new-ai-company-x) April 14, 2023 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved April 14, 2023.

1. Feeley, Jef. ["Twitter becomes X Corporation as Musk advances 'everything app' hopes"](https://www.irishtimes.com/technology/2023/04/11/ex-twitter-chief-executive-parag-agrawal-reveals-doj-probe-in-pursuit-of-legal-fees-repayment/). *[The Irish Times](/source/The_Irish_Times)*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20240320125638/https://www.irishtimes.com/technology/2023/04/11/ex-twitter-chief-executive-parag-agrawal-reveals-doj-probe-in-pursuit-of-legal-fees-repayment/) March 20, 2024 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved April 11, 2023.

1. Conger, Kate & Mac, Ryan (March 26, 2023). ["Elon Musk Values Twitter at $20 Billion"](https://www.nytimes.com/2023/03/26/technology/elon-musk-twitter-value.html). *[The New York Times](/source/The_New_York_Times)*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20230411034427/https://www.nytimes.com/2023/03/26/technology/elon-musk-twitter-value.html) April 11, 2023 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved April 11, 2023.

1. Gaus, Annie (April 11, 2023). ["Twitter Is Now Called X Corp and 'No Longer Exists'"](https://sfstandard.com/business/twitter-is-now-called-x-corp-and-no-longer-exists/). *[The San Francisco Standard](/source/The_San_Francisco_Standard)*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20230411211347/https://sfstandard.com/business/twitter-is-now-called-x-corp-and-no-longer-exists/) April 11, 2023 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved April 11, 2023.

1. Roth, Emma (May 12, 2023). ["Twitter's new CEO is Linda Yaccarino, a longtime ad exec for NBCU"](https://www.theverge.com/2023/5/12/23721107/twitter-ceo-linda-yaccarino-elon-musk-nbc). *[The Verge](/source/The_Verge)*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20230512160254/https://www.theverge.com/2023/5/12/23721107/twitter-ceo-linda-yaccarino-elon-musk-nbc) May 12, 2023 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved May 12, 2023.

1. Spangler, Todd (May 12, 2023). ["Elon Musk Confirms Linda Yaccarino as Twitter's New CEO, Focused on Business Operations"](https://variety.com/2023/digital/news/linda-yaccarino-twitter-ceo-musk-confirms-1235611144/). *[Variety](/source/Variety_(magazine))*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20230728161719/https://variety.com/2023/digital/news/linda-yaccarino-twitter-ceo-musk-confirms-1235611144/) July 28, 2023 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved June 6, 2023.

1. Frier, Sarah (June 23, 2023). ["Twitter's New CEO Linda Yaccarino Has First Day in the Role"](https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2023-06-06/twitter-s-new-ceo-yaccarino-has-first-day-in-the-role). Bloomberg News. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20230626134649/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2023-06-06/twitter-s-new-ceo-yaccarino-has-first-day-in-the-role) June 26, 2023 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved June 6, 2023.

1. Ryan Mac & Tiffany Hsu (June 5, 2023). ["Twitter's U.S. Ad Sales Plunge 59% as Woes Continue"](https://www.nytimes.com/2023/06/05/technology/twitter-ad-sales-musk.html). *The New York Times*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20231019232412/https://www.nytimes.com/2023/06/05/technology/twitter-ad-sales-musk.html) October 19, 2023 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved June 5, 2023.

1. Katje, Chris (August 1, 2023). ["Fidelity Increases Valuation On X After Twitter Name Change: Here's How Much The Social Media Platform Is Worth"](https://benzinga.com/markets/mutual-funds/23/08/33501596/fidelity-increases-valuation-on-x-after-twitter-name-change-heres-how-much-the-social-media-). *Benzinga*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20231014181334/https://www.benzinga.com/markets/mutual-funds/23/08/33501596/fidelity-increases-valuation-on-x-after-twitter-name-change-heres-how-much-the-social-media-) October 14, 2023 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved August 31, 2023.

1. Primack, Dan (July 31, 2023). ["Fidelity marks up its Twitter/X shares for second straight month"](https://www.axios.com/2023/07/31/fidelity-marks-up-its-twitterx-shares-for-second-straight-month). *[Axios](/source/Axios_(website))*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20230901031813/https://www.axios.com/2023/07/31/fidelity-marks-up-its-twitterx-shares-for-second-straight-month) September 1, 2023 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved August 31, 2023.

1. Alvarez, Simon (August 23, 2023). ["Elon Musk shares optimistic outlook for X: $1T market cap "not out of the question""](https://web.archive.org/web/20230903174756/https://www.teslarati.com/elon-musk-x-1-trillion-market-cap-not-out-of-the-question/). *Teslarati*. Archived from [the original](https://teslarati.com/elon-musk-x-1-trillion-market-cap-not-out-of-the-question) on September 3, 2023. Retrieved August 31, 2023.

1. Primack, Dan (August 30, 2023). ["Elon Musk's X is gaining value, Fidelity says"](https://axios.com/2023/08/30/elon-musks-x-value-fidelity). *[Axios](/source/Axios_(website))*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20230922164935/https://www.axios.com/2023/08/30/elon-musks-x-value-fidelity) September 22, 2023 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved August 31, 2023.

1. Sweney, Mark (2025-03-19). ["Value of Elon Musk's X 'rebounds to $44bn purchase price'"](https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2025/mar/19/value-elon-musk-x-rebounds-purchase-price). *The Guardian*. [ISSN 0261-3077](https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077). Retrieved 2025-03-20.

1. Lynch, Jamiel (July 31, 2023). ["A flashing 'X' was installed atop the San Francisco headquarters following Twitter's rebrand. A city complaint says the sign went up without a permit"](https://www.cnn.com/2023/07/30/tech/san-francisco-investigates-twitter-x-sign/index.html). [CNN](/source/CNN). [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20230810034845/https://www.cnn.com/2023/07/30/tech/san-francisco-investigates-twitter-x-sign/index.html) August 10, 2023 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved August 11, 2023.

1. ["Brightly flashing 'X' sign removed from the San Francisco building that was Twitter's headquarters"](https://abcnews.go.com/US/wireStory/brightly-flashing-sign-removed-former-twitters-san-francisco-101884217). [ABC News](/source/ABC_News_(United_States)). [Associated Press](/source/Associated_Press). July 31, 2023. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20230909122615/https://abcnews.go.com/US/wireStory/brightly-flashing-sign-removed-former-twitters-san-francisco-101884217) September 9, 2023 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved August 11, 2023.

1. Goswami, Rohan (August 10, 2023). ["X CEO Linda Yaccarino explains reason for getting rid of Twitter name"](https://cnbc.com/2023/08/10/x-corp-ceo-linda-yaccarino-says-she-has-autonomy-under-elon-musk.html). [CNBC](/source/CNBC). [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20231014122421/https://www.cnbc.com/2023/08/10/x-corp-ceo-linda-yaccarino-says-she-has-autonomy-under-elon-musk.html) October 14, 2023 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved August 11, 2023.

1. Wile, Rob (August 10, 2023). ["Linda Yaccarino, CEO of X, says she has autonomy from Elon Musk to run the business"](https://nbcnews.com/business/business-news/twitter-x-ceo-linda-yaccarino-automony-from-elon-musk-run-business-rcna99202). [NBC News](/source/NBC_News). [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20231018085032/https://www.nbcnews.com/business/business-news/twitter-x-ceo-linda-yaccarino-automony-from-elon-musk-run-business-rcna99202) October 18, 2023 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved August 11, 2023.

1. Conger, Kate (August 3, 2023). ["So What Do We Call Twitter Now Anyway?"](https://nytimes.com/2023/08/03/technology/twitter-x-tweets-elon-musk.html). *[The New York Times](/source/The_New_York_Times)*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20231012220459/https://www.nytimes.com/2023/08/03/technology/twitter-x-tweets-elon-musk.html) October 12, 2023 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved August 11, 2023.

1. Barr, Kyle (August 11, 2023). ["Twitter's CEO Makes New Excuses for Musk's Dumb 'X' Rebranding"](https://gizmodo.com/linda-yaccarino-twitter-elon-musk-justify-x-rebrand-1850726989). *[Gizmodo](/source/Gizmodo)*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20231018155649/https://gizmodo.com/linda-yaccarino-twitter-elon-musk-justify-x-rebrand-1850726989) October 18, 2023 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved August 11, 2023.

1. ["Elon Musk's X hit with trademark lawsuit from marketing agency"](https://www.reuters.com/technology/elon-musks-x-hit-with-trademark-lawsuit-marketing-agency-2023-10-02/). *Reuters*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20231007192445/https://www.reuters.com/technology/elon-musks-x-hit-with-trademark-lawsuit-marketing-agency-2023-10-02/) October 7, 2023 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved October 7, 2023.

1. Turner, Nick (16 July 2024). ["Elon Musk Says X Will Be Moving Its Headquarters to Austin"](https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2024-07-16/elon-musk-says-x-will-be-moving-its-headquarters-to-austin). *[Bloomberg News](/source/Bloomberg_News)*. Retrieved 16 July 2024.

1. Kolodny, Lora (2024-07-16). ["Elon Musk says SpaceX and X headquarters moving to Texas, blames California trans student privacy law"](https://www.cnbc.com/2024/07/16/elon-musk-says-spacex-hq-officially-moving-to-texas-blames-new-ca-trans-student-privacy-law.html). *CNBC*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20240901183612/https://www.cnbc.com/2024/07/16/elon-musk-says-spacex-hq-officially-moving-to-texas-blames-new-ca-trans-student-privacy-law.html) September 1, 2024 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 2024-07-17.

1. ["X suspends business in Brazil over censorship row"](https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/cgjv857plevo). *BBC News*. 2024-08-17. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20240818170758/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/cgjv857plevo) August 18, 2024 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 2024-08-18.

1. ["Brazil X ban: Top court judges uphold block of Musk's platform"](https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/crkmpe53l6jo.amp). *BBC News*. 2024-09-02. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20241008125956/https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/crkmpe53l6jo.amp) October 8, 2024 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 2024-09-05.

1. ["Archived copy"](https://bizfileonline.sos.ca.gov/api/report/GetImageByNum/228220186101185234019239064038172089048128183195). [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20240913200944/https://bizfileonline.sos.ca.gov/api/report/GetImageByNum/228220186101185234019239064038172089048128183195) September 13, 2024 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved September 13, 2024.

1. ["Elon Musk Moves X Headquarters from California to Texas"](https://insider.govtech.com/texas/news/elon-musk-moves-x-headquarters-from-california-to-texas). *Industry Insider Texas*. 2024-09-20. Retrieved 2024-11-18.

1. Janner, Jay. ["X, formerly known as Twitter, constructs new headquarters building in Bastrop, Texas"](https://www.statesman.com/picture-gallery/news/2024/09/20/twitter-x-headquarters-bastrop-tx-texas-under-construction-photos/75312495007/). *Austin American-Statesman*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20240922022253/https://www.statesman.com/picture-gallery/news/2024/09/20/twitter-x-headquarters-bastrop-tx-texas-under-construction-photos/75312495007/) September 22, 2024 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 2024-11-18.

1. Egan, Matt (2024-10-02). ["Elon Musk's X is worth nearly 80% less than when he bought it, Fidelity estimates"](https://edition.cnn.com/2024/10/02/business/elon-musk-twitter-x-fidelity/index.html). *CNN*. Retrieved 2024-10-02.

1. Corse, Alexa & Peterson, Becky (November 13, 2024). ["Musk's X Names Mahmoud Reza Banki CFO"](https://www.wsj.com/tech/musks-x-names-mahmoud-reza-banki-cfo-65538482). *[The Wall Street Journal](/source/The_Wall_Street_Journal)*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20241115135554/https://www.wsj.com/tech/musks-x-names-mahmoud-reza-banki-cfo-65538482) November 15, 2024 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved November 15, 2024.

1. ["Franchise Tax Account Status Search"](https://mycpa.cpa.state.tx.us/coa/). *Franchise Tax Account Status Search*. Retrieved 17 April 2025.

1. ["Musk's X in Talks to Raise Money at a $44 Billion Valuation"](https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2025-02-19/musk-s-x-is-in-talks-to-raise-money-at-a-44-billion-valuation?embedded-checkout=true). *Bloomberg*

1. Zeff, Maxwell (2025-03-29). ["Elon Musk says xAI acquired X"](https://techcrunch.com/2025/03/29/elon-musk-says-xai-acquired-x/). *TechCrunch*. Retrieved 2025-03-31.

1. ["Musk's xAI Startup Swallows Up X Social Network in Surprise Deal"](https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2025-03-28/musk-says-that-his-xai-startup-has-acquired-x-for-33-billion). *Bloomberg*. 2025-03-28.

1. Hyatt, John. ["Elon Musk Scores $33 Billion In Self-Serving Merger"](https://www.forbes.com/sites/johnhyatt/2025/04/02/the-xai-x-deal-is-a-33-billion-windfall-for-elon-musk/). *Forbes*. Retrieved 2025-04-23.

1. ["X.AI Holdings Corp."](https://opencorporates.com/companies/us_nv/E47698452025-8). *[OpenCorporates](/source/OpenCorporates)*. Retrieved 2025-07-24.

1. Peters, Jay (2025-07-09). ["X CEO Linda Yaccarino is stepping down after two years"](https://www.theverge.com/news/702653/x-ceo-linda-yaccarino-elon-musk). *The Verge*. Retrieved 2025-07-09.

1. Milmo, Dan (July 31, 2023). ["Anti-hate speech group accuses Elon Musk's X Corp of intimidation over legal threat"](https://theguardian.com/technology/2023/jul/31/anti-hate-speech-group-accuses-elon-musk-x-corp-intimidation). *[The Guardian](/source/The_Guardian)*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20231016213008/https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2023/jul/31/anti-hate-speech-group-accuses-elon-musk-x-corp-intimidation) October 16, 2023 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved August 23, 2023.

1. Field, Hayden (August 2023). ["Twitter, now called X, sues researchers who showed rise in hate speech on platform after Musk takeover"](https://www.cnbc.com/2023/08/01/x-sues-ccdh-for-showing-hate-speech-rise-on-twitter-after-musk-deal.html). CNBC. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20230906133857/https://www.cnbc.com/2023/08/01/x-sues-ccdh-for-showing-hate-speech-rise-on-twitter-after-musk-deal.html) September 6, 2023 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved September 9, 2023.

1. Kan, Michael (July 19, 2023). ["Twitter Claims 99% of Its Content Is Healthy, Internet Rolls Eyes"](https://www.pcmag.com/news/twitter-claims-99-of-its-content-is-healthy-internet-rolls-eyes). *[PC Magazine](/source/PC_Magazine)*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20230824000141/https://www.pcmag.com/news/twitter-claims-99-of-its-content-is-healthy-internet-rolls-eyes) August 24, 2023 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved August 23, 2023.

1. Sheera Frenkel & Ryan Mac (July 31, 2023). ["Twitter Sues Nonprofit That Tracks Hate Speech"](https://www.nytimes.com/2023/07/31/technology/twitter-x-center-for-countering-digital-hate.html). *[The New York Times](/source/The_New_York_Times)*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20231016193843/https://www.nytimes.com/2023/07/31/technology/twitter-x-center-for-countering-digital-hate.html) October 16, 2023 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved August 23, 2023.

1. Shah, Simmone (August 4, 2023). ["Elon Musk's X Corp Is Suing an Anti-Hate-Speech Group. Here's What They Have to Say"](https://time.com/6301841/6301841/). *[Time](/source/Time_(magazine))*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20231020104158/https://time.com/6301841/6301841/) October 20, 2023 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved August 23, 2023.

1. Elliot, Vittoria (August 15, 2023). ["How X Is Suing Its Way Out of Accountability"](https://wired.com/story/twitter-x-ccdh-lawsuit-data-crackdown). *[Wired](/source/Wired_(magazine))*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20231011201615/https://www.wired.com/story/twitter-x-ccdh-lawsuit-data-crackdown/) October 11, 2023 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved August 23, 2023.

1. Field, Hayden (August 1, 2023). ["Twitter, now called X, sues researchers who showed rise in hate speech on platform after Musk takeover"](https://cnbc.com/2023/08/01/x-sues-ccdh-for-showing-hate-speech-rise-on-twitter-after-musk-deal.html). [CNBC](/source/CNBC). [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20231010151436/https://www.cnbc.com/2023/08/01/x-sues-ccdh-for-showing-hate-speech-rise-on-twitter-after-musk-deal.html) October 10, 2023 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved August 23, 2023.

1. Allyn, Bobby (February 29, 2024). ["Judge skeptical of lawsuit brought by Elon Musk's X over hate speech research"](https://www.npr.org/2024/02/29/1234901186/judge-skeptical-of-lawsuit-brought-by-elon-musks-x-over-hate-speech-research). *NPR*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20240301005726/https://www.npr.org/2024/02/29/1234901186/judge-skeptical-of-lawsuit-brought-by-elon-musks-x-over-hate-speech-research) March 1, 2024 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved March 1, 2024.

1. ["Elon Musk's X Loses Lawsuit Against Research Group That Found Proliferation of Hate Speech, Racist Content on Social Network"](https://variety.com/2024/digital/news/elon-musk-x-loses-lawsuit-against-research-group-hate-speech-racist-content-1235951153/). *Variety*. March 25, 2024. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20240325164339/https://variety.com/2024/digital/news/elon-musk-x-loses-lawsuit-against-research-group-hate-speech-racist-content-1235951153/) March 25, 2024 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved March 25, 2024.

1. Allyn, Bobby (March 25, 2024). ["Judge dismisses Elon Musk's suit against hate speech researchers"](https://www.npr.org/2024/03/25/1239549276/elon-musk-lawsuit-hate-speech-researchers). NPR. Retrieved March 25, 2024.

1. Needham, Lisa (March 28, 2024). ["Elon Musk gets SLAPPed"](https://www.publicnotice.co/p/elon-musk-ccdh-lawsuit-slapp-dismissed-explained). *Public Notice*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20240329022758/https://www.publicnotice.co/p/elon-musk-ccdh-lawsuit-slapp-dismissed-explained) March 29, 2024 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved March 29, 2024.

1. Hananoki, Eric (November 16, 2023). ["As Musk endorses antisemitic conspiracy theory, X has been placing ads for Apple, Bravo, IBM, Oracle, and Xfinity next to pro-Nazi content"](https://www.mediamatters.org/twitter/musk-endorses-antisemitic-conspiracy-theory-x-has-been-placing-ads-apple-bravo-ibm-oracle). [Media Matters for America](/source/Media_Matters_for_America). [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20231127005158/https://www.mediamatters.org/twitter/musk-endorses-antisemitic-conspiracy-theory-x-has-been-placing-ads-apple-bravo-ibm-oracle) November 27, 2023 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved November 27, 2023.

1. Ryan Mac & Kate Conger (November 24, 2023). ["X May Lose Up to $75 Million in Revenue as More Advertisers Pull Out"](https://www.nytimes.com/2023/11/24/business/x-elon-musk-advertisers.html). *[The New York Times](/source/The_New_York_Times)*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20231127000830/https://www.nytimes.com/2023/11/24/business/x-elon-musk-advertisers.html) November 27, 2023 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved November 27, 2023.

1. Flynn, Kerry (November 20, 2023). ["Elon Musk's X sues Media Matters for America"](https://www.axios.com/2023/11/21/x-elon-musk-sues-media-matters-antisemitic-ads). *[Axios](/source/Axios_(website))*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20231127052738/https://www.axios.com/2023/11/21/x-elon-musk-sues-media-matters-antisemitic-ads) November 27, 2023 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved November 27, 2023.

1. Orturay, Barbara (November 21, 2023). ["Musk's X sues liberal advocacy group Media Matters over its report on ads next to hate groups' posts"](https://apnews.com/article/elon-musk-media-matters-lawsuit-advertising-neonazi-1fe499daa600f513af27ffa68d2e8b91). *[Associated Press News](/source/Associated_Press_News)*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20231121094525/https://apnews.com/article/elon-musk-media-matters-lawsuit-advertising-neonazi-1fe499daa600f513af27ffa68d2e8b91) November 21, 2023 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved November 27, 2023.

1. ["Ex-Twitter Chairman Sues Elon Musk's X for $20 Million in Shares"](https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2024-08-10/ex-twitter-chairman-sues-elon-musk-s-x-for-20-million-in-shares). *Bloomberg.com*. 2024-08-10. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20240810010118/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2024-08-10/ex-twitter-chairman-sues-elon-musk-s-x-for-20-million-in-shares) August 10, 2024 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 2024-08-11.

1. Hauptman, Max (2024-08-08). ["'It is war': Elon Musk's X sues ad industry group over 'boycott' of Twitter replacement"](https://www.usatoday.com/story/tech/news/2024/08/08/x-twitter-elon-muck-advertising-boycott-lawsuit/74721923007/). *[USA TODAY](/source/USA_TODAY)*. Retrieved 2025-03-01.

1. O’Brien, Kyle (2024-08-08). ["WFA Is Shutting GARM Down After X Lawsuit"](https://www.adweek.com/media/wfa-shut-down-garm-x-lawsuit/). Retrieved 2025-03-01.

1. Barber, Rachel. ["Elon Musk's X sues Lego, Shell, more companies over advertising 'boycott' from platform"](https://www.usatoday.com/story/tech/news/2025/02/02/elon-musk-x-advertising-boycott-lawsuit/78157291007/). *[USA TODAY](/source/USA_TODAY)*. Retrieved 2025-03-01.

1. ["Elon Musk's X loses Australia child protection compliance lawsuit"](https://www.reuters.com/legal/litigation/elon-musks-x-admits-noncompliance-with-australia-child-protection-request-2026-05-20/)

1. ["Australian judge fines X $465,000 for online safety breach after 3-year court battle"](https://apnews.com/article/australia-elon-musk-x-esafety-fine-9ade22700f846e775cf07837364e52dc). *AP News*. 2026-05-21. Retrieved 2026-05-25.

1. Smith, Connor (April 11, 2023). ["Twitter Inc. 'No Longer Exists.' Why Elon Musk Chose Nevada For X Holdings."](https://www.barrons.com/articles/twitter-nevada-musk-1f998f30). *[Barron's](/source/Barron's_(newspaper))*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20230412031849/https://www.barrons.com/articles/twitter-nevada-musk-1f998f30) April 12, 2023 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved April 11, 2023.

### Bibliography

- Vance, Ashlee (2017 [2015]). *Elon Musk: Tesla, SpaceX, and the Quest for a Fantastic Future*. 2nd ed. New York: [Ecco Press](/source/Ecco_Press). ISBN 978-0-06-230125-3. [OCLC 1050341708](https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1050341708)

---
Adapted from the Wikipedia article [X Corp.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X_Corp.) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X_Corp.?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.