# Wright R-975 Whirlwind > Mediated Wiki article. Canonical URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Wright_R-975_Whirlwind > Markdown URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Wright_R-975_Whirlwind.md > Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wright_R-975_Whirlwind > Source revision: 1337492572 > License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/) Radial aircraft engines in the US R-975 Whirlwind A Continental-built R-975 from a Sherman tank Type Air-cooled 9-cylinder radial piston engine National origin United States Manufacturer Wright Aeronautical Built by Continental Motors Major applications Beechcraft Staggerwing North American BT-9 Vultee BT-15 Valiant M4 Sherman tank Piasecki HUP Retriever M18 Hellcat Manufactured 1929-1950s Number built over 7,000 by Wright over 53,000 by Continental The **Wright R-975 Whirlwind** was a series of nine-cylinder, air-cooled [radial](/source/Radial_engine) [aircraft engines](/source/Aircraft_engine) built by the [Wright Aeronautical](/source/Wright_Aeronautical) division of [Curtiss-Wright](/source/Curtiss-Wright). These engines had a displacement of about 975 cu in (15.98 L), and power ratings ranging from 300 hp (220 kW) to 550 hp (410 kW), depending on variant and rating basis.[1] They were the largest members of the [Wright Whirlwind](/source/Wright_Whirlwind) engine family to be produced commercially, and they were also the most numerous. During [World War II](/source/World_War_II), [Continental Motors](/source/Teledyne_Continental_Motors) built the R-975 under license as a powerplant for Allied tanks and other armored vehicles. Tens of thousands of engines were built for this purpose, dwarfing the R-975's usage in aircraft, where it was overshadowed by the similar [Pratt & Whitney R-985](/source/Pratt_%26_Whitney_R-985). After the war, Continental continued to produce its own versions of the R-975 into the 1950s; the Continental R-975-46A was rated at 550 hp (410 kW) at 2,400 rpm.[1] The R-975 powered the American World War II M18 Hellcat tank destroyer, which is claimed to have been the fastest tracked armored fighting vehicle ever built.[2] ## Design and development Wright introduced the J-6 Whirlwind family in 1928 to replace the nine-cylinder [R-790](/source/Wright_R-790) series. The J-6 family included varieties with five, seven, and nine cylinders. The nine-cylinder version was originally known as the **J-6 Whirlwind Nine**, or **J-6-9** for short. The U.S. government designated it as the **R-975**; Wright later adopted this and dropped the J-6 nomenclature. Like all the members of the J-6 Whirlwind family, the R-975 had larger cylinders than the R-790. The piston [stroke](/source/Stroke_(engine)) of 5.5 in (14.0 cm) was unchanged, but the cylinder [bore](/source/Bore_(engine)) was expanded to 5.0 in (12.7 cm) from the R-790's bore of 4.5 in (11.4 cm). While the R-790 was [naturally aspirated](/source/Naturally_aspirated_engine), the R-975, like the other J-6 engines, had a gear-driven [supercharger](/source/Supercharger) to boost its power output. Wright gradually developed the R-975, at first using suffix letters to indicate successive versions. The original R-975 (or J-6-9) was rated for 300 hp (224 kW),[3] while the R-975E of 1931 could do 330 hp (246 kW) thanks to an improved [cylinder head](/source/Cylinder_head) design.[4][5][6] Wright later added numeric suffixes to show different power levels. The R-975E-1, introduced the same year as the R-975E, was rated at 365 hp (272 kW) thanks to [higher-compression](/source/Compression_ratio) pistons and a slightly greater [RPM](/source/Revolutions_per_minute) limit.[4][7][8] An even more powerful version, the R-975E-3, was also introduced that year, with greater supercharging and a still higher RPM limit, and was progressively refined until the final model of 1935 could reach 450 hp (336 kW) for takeoff.[4][9][10] ## Operational history As the most powerful Whirlwind to be produced, commercially, it was also the most successful. It powered a wide variety of civil utility aircraft, such as the [Beechcraft Staggerwing](/source/Beechcraft_Staggerwing), and various airliners, such as the [Ford 4-AT-E Trimotor](/source/Ford_Trimotor) and the [Lockheed 10B Electra](/source/Lockheed_Model_10_Electra). In addition, it powered U.S. military training aircraft including the [North American BT-9](/source/North_American_BT-9) and [Vultee BT-15 Valiant](/source/BT-15_Valiant) for the Army and the [Curtiss-Wright SNC Falcon](/source/Curtiss-Wright_SNC_Falcon) for the Navy. The [Curtiss F9C Sparrowhawk](/source/F9C_Sparrowhawk) [parasite fighter](/source/Parasite_fighter) operated from U.S. Navy airships was also powered by the R-975. One notable record set by a Wright J-6 Whirlwind-powered aircraft occurred during July 28–30, 1931, when [Russell Norton Boardman](/source/Russell_Norton_Boardman) and [John Louis Polando](/source/John_Louis_Polando) flew non-stop from [Floyd Bennett Field](/source/Floyd_Bennett_Field), on [Long Island](/source/Long_Island%2C_NY) to [Istanbul, Turkey](/source/Istanbul%2C_Turkey) in the [*Cape Cod*](/source/Cape_Cod_(aircraft)), a [Bellanca Special J-300](/source/Bellanca_CH-300) high-wing [monoplane](/source/Monoplane) in 49:20 hours, establishing a distance record of 5,011.8 miles (8,065.7 km), the first nonstop record flight to surpasse 5,000 mi (8,000 km).[11] However, the R-975 faced heavy competition from [Pratt & Whitney](/source/Pratt_%26_Whitney)'s [R-985 Wasp Junior](/source/Pratt_%26_Whitney_R-985) and from their larger [R-1340 Wasp](/source/Pratt_%26_Whitney_R-1340). Pratt & Whitney R-985 outsold the Wright R-975 by a wide margin. Wright's production of the R-975 ceased in 1945, with over 7,000 engines being produced by the company.[4][12] ### Production by Continental Motors Tank manufacture (Chrysler). M-3s, the twenty-eight ton "medium" tanks being turned out in [Detroit at the Chrysler tank arsenal](/source/Detroit_Arsenal_(Warren%2C_Michigan)), are powered by nine-cylinder, 400-horsepower Wright Whirlwind aviation-type engines. These men are working on the engine wiring sub-assembly. In 1939 the U.S. Army, which had been using [Continental R-670](/source/Continental_R-670) radial engines in its [light tanks](/source/Light_tank), chose Continental Motors to build the R-975 under license as the engine for its [M2](/source/M2_Medium_Tank) [medium tanks](/source/Medium_tank). Subsequently, the same engine was selected for the [M3 Lee](/source/M3_Lee) medium tank, the [M4 Sherman](/source/M4_Sherman) medium tank, the Canadian [Ram tank](/source/Ram_tank) (which used the M3 chassis), the [M7 Priest](/source/M7_Priest) [self-propelled gun](/source/Self-propelled_gun), the [M18 Hellcat](/source/M18_Hellcat) [tank destroyer](/source/Tank_destroyer), and other Allied armored vehicles based on these. Continental versions of the R-975 for armored vehicles included the R-975E-C2, the R-975-C1, and the R-975-C4. In contrast to the 7,000 built by Wright, Continental built over 53,000 R-975 engines.[4] When installed in a tank, the R-975 did not have the benefit of being cooled by air slipstream or propeller blast, so a cooling fan was attached to the power shaft and surrounded by a shroud to provide the same effect. After the war, Continental introduced its own R-975 version for aircraft, the **R9-A**. Though it was basically similar to other R-975 engines, and its compression ratio and supercharger gear ratio were unchanged from the R-975E-3, other improvements in the R9-A allowed it to achieve 525 hp (391 kW) for takeoff,[13] surpassing any Wright version. A military version, the R-975-46, could reach 550 hp (410 kW), and was used in [Piasecki's HUP Retriever and H-25 Army Mule](/source/Piasecki_HUP_Retriever) helicopters. Continental's production of R-975 engines continued into the 1950s. ### Other license-built R-975s The engine was built in [Spain](/source/Spain) as the **Hispano-Suiza 9Q** or **Hispano-Wright 9Q** without modification apart from the use of Hispano's patented [nitriding finishing](/source/Nitriding) process and, on one version only, the 9Qdr, an epicyclic output speed reducer.[14] The R-975 was also produced under licence by [Fábrica Nacional de Motores](/source/F%C3%A1brica_Nacional_de_Motores) in [Brazil](/source/Brazil).[15] ## Variants **J-6-9 (R-975)** - 300 hp (220 kW) at 2,000 RPM.[3] **R-975-20** - 300 hp (220 kW) for airship use **R-975E** - 330 hp (250 kW) at 2,000 RPM. Higher power from an improved cylinder head.[4][5][6] **R-975E-1** - 365 hp (272 kW) at 2,100 RPM. Higher compression ratio.[4][7][8] **R-975E-3** - 420 hp (310 kW) at 2,200 RPM up to 1,400 ft (430 m), 450 hp (340 kW) at 2,250 RPM for takeoff. Increased supercharging, slightly higher compression ratio.[4][9][10] **R-975E-C2** - 400 hp (300 kW) at 2,400 RPM. Built by Continental Motors under license for use in armored vehicles.[4][16] **Continental R9-A** - 500 hp (370 kW) at 2,300 RPM at 4,000 ft (1,200 m), 525 hp (391 kW) at 2,300 RPM for takeoff. Continental's improved post-war version.[13] **Continental R-975-46A** - 550 hp (410 kW) (410 kW (550 hp)) at 2,400 RPM. Post-war Continental variant.[1] **Hispano-Suiza 9Q** - Licence-built R-975 J-6 Whirlwind **Hispano-Suiza 9Qa** - variant of the licence-built R-975 J-6 Whirlwind **Hispano-Suiza 9Qb** - variant of the licence-built R-975 J-6 Whirlwind **Hispano-Suiza 9Qc** - variant of the licence-built R-975 J-6 Whirlwind **Hispano-Suiza 9Qd** - variant of the licence-built R-975 J-6 Whirlwind **Hispano-Suiza 9Qdr** - variant of the licence-built R-975 J-6 Whirlwind ## Applications ### Wright J-6-9 and R-975 - [ASJA L2](/source/ASJA_L2) - [Avro Anson Mk IV](/source/Avro_Anson) - [Beechcraft Staggerwing](/source/Beechcraft_Staggerwing) B17R, C17R, and D17R - [Bellanca CH-300 Pacemaker](/source/Bellanca_CH-300_Pacemaker) - [Berliner-Joyce OJ-2](/source/Berliner-Joyce_OJ) - [Caribbean Traders Husky III](/source/Stinson_L-13) - [Cessna DC-6A Chief](/source/Cessna_DC-6) - [Curtiss Kingbird](/source/Curtiss_Kingbird) - [Curtiss-Wright CW-14 Travel Air/Speedwing/Sportsman Deluxe/Osprey](/source/Curtiss-Wright_CW-14_Osprey) - [Curtiss-Wright CW-22](/source/Curtiss-Wright_CW-22) - [Curtiss-Wright SNC-1 Falcon](/source/Curtiss-Wright_CW-22) - [de Havilland DH.75B Hawk Moth](/source/De_Havilland_Hawk_Moth) - [Dewoitine D.31](/source/Dewoitine_D.31) - [Dewoitine D.35](/source/Dewoitine_D.35) - [Douglas RD-1 & C-21/OA-3 Dolphin](/source/Douglas_Dolphin) - [Emsco B-5 Challenger](/source/Emsco_B-2_Challenger) - [Goodyear K-1](/source/K-1_(airship)) - [Curtiss F9C Sparrowhawk](/source/Curtiss_F9C_Sparrowhawk) - [Fokker Universal](/source/Fokker_Universal) - [Fokker C-5](/source/Fokker_F.10) - [Fokker C-7](/source/Fokker_F.VII) - [Fokker C.XIV](/source/Fokker_C.XIV) - [Fokker T.VIII](/source/Fokker_T.VIII) - [Ford 4-AT-E Trimotor](/source/Ford_Trimotor) - [Interstate XTD3R](/source/Interstate_XTD3R) - [Ireland N-2B Neptune](/source/Ireland_N-2B_Neptune) - [Keystone XOK](/source/Keystone_XOK) - [Keystone-Loening K-84 Commuter](/source/Keystone-Loening_Commuter) - [Koolhoven F.K.56](/source/Koolhoven_F.K.56) - [Lockheed Model 12B Electra Junior](/source/Lockheed_Model_12_Electra_Junior) - [McDonnell XV-1](/source/McDonnell_XV-1) - [Messerschmitt M 18](/source/Messerschmitt_M_18) - [Noorduyn Norseman Mk.1](/source/Noorduyn_Norseman) - [North American BT-9](/source/North_American_BT-9) - [North American NA-57](/source/North_American_NA-57) - [North American NA-64 Yale](/source/North_American_NA-64_Yale) - [Pitcairn PA-19](/source/Pitcairn_PA-19) - [Pitcairn-Cierva PCA-2/OP-1](/source/Pitcairn_OP-1) - [Pitcairn PA-33 & 34/OP-2](/source/Pitcairn_PA-34) - [Ryan B-5 Brougham](/source/Ryan_B-5_Brougham) - [Spartan C4-300](/source/Spartan_C4) - [Stearman Model 6C Cloudboy](/source/Stearman_Cloudboy) - [Stinson SM-1F Detroiter](/source/Stinson_Detroiter) - [Timm T-840](/source/Timm_T-840) - [Townsend Thunderbird](/source/Townsend_Thunderbird) (as rebuilt) - [Travel Air B9-4000](/source/Travel_Air_2000) - [Travel Air 6000B](/source/Travel_Air_6000B) - [Travel Air Type R Mystery Ship](/source/Travel_Air_Type_R_Mystery_Ship) - [VL Pyry](/source/VL_Pyry) - [Vultee BT-15 Valiant](/source/Vultee_BT-15_Valiant) - [Waco JTO](/source/Waco_JTO) - [Waco JYO](/source/Waco_JYO) - [Waco JWM and JYM mailplanes](/source/Waco_Mailplanes) - [M4 Sherman](/source/M4_Sherman) ### Continental R-975 A Grant tank R-975 engine being removed by Royal Army Ordnance Corps mechanics - [Beech D-18C](/source/Beechcraft_Model_18) - [Grizzly I cruiser](/source/Grizzly_I_cruiser) – Canadian production of M4A1 Sherman tank - [Kangaroo](/source/Kangaroo_(armoured_personnel_carrier)) [armoured personnel carrier](/source/Armoured_personnel_carrier) modification of M7 Priest and other vehicles - [Kellett XR-10](/source/Kellett_XR-10) - [M3 Lee](/source/M3_Lee) - [M4 Sherman](/source/M4_Sherman) - [M7 Priest](/source/M7_Priest) - [M18 Hellcat](/source/M18_Hellcat) - [M12 gun motor carriage](/source/M12_gun_motor_carriage) - [M40 gun motor carriage](/source/M40_gun_motor_carriage) - [McDonnell XV-1](/source/McDonnell_XV-1) - [Piasecki HUP Retriever](/source/Piasecki_HUP_Retriever) - [Ram tank](/source/Ram_tank) - [Sexton](/source/Sexton_(artillery)) self-propelled gun - [Sikorsky XHJS-1](/source/Sikorsky_XHJS-1) (S-53) – prototype helicopter - [Skink anti-aircraft tank](/source/Skink_anti-aircraft_tank) – anti-aircraft vehicle based on Grizzly I ## Engines on display Some museums which have R-975 engines on display: - [Pima Air & Space Museum](/source/Pima_Air_%26_Space_Museum) in [Tucson](/source/Tucson), [Arizona](/source/Arizona) has a Wright R-975.[17][18] - [Hiller Aviation Museum](/source/Hiller_Aviation_Museum) in [San Carlos](/source/San_Carlos%2C_California), [California](/source/California) has a Wright R-975.[19] - [National Museum of Naval Aviation](/source/National_Museum_of_Naval_Aviation) near [Pensacola](/source/Pensacola), [Florida](/source/Florida) has a Continental R-975.[20] - [Southern Museum of Flight](/source/Southern_Museum_of_Flight) in [Birmingham](/source/Birmingham%2C_Alabama), [Alabama](/source/Alabama) has a Continental R-975.[21] - [Queensland Air Museum](/source/Queensland_Air_Museum) in [Caloundra](/source/Caloundra), [Queensland](/source/Queensland), [Australia](/source/Australia) has a Continental R-975.[22][23] ## Specifications (Whirlwind R-975E-3) *Data from* [FAA](/source/FAA) [type certificate](/source/Type_certificate) data sheet for the R-975E-3;[10] dimensions from Curtiss-Wright (1983). ### General characteristics - **Type:** 9-cylinder supercharged air-cooled radial piston engine - **[Bore](/source/Bore_(engine)):** 5.0 in (127 mm) - **[Stroke](/source/Stroke_(engine)):** 5.5 in (140 mm) - **[Displacement](/source/Engine_displacement):** 972 cu in (15.93 L) - **Length:** 43.0 in (109.2 cm) - **Diameter:** 45.0 in (114.3 cm) - **[Dry weight](/source/Dry_weight):** 675 lb (306 kg) ### Components - **[Valvetrain](/source/Valvetrain):** 2 [valves](/source/4-stroke_cycle_engine_valves) per cylinder, [pushrod](/source/Pushrod)-actuated - **[Supercharger](/source/Supercharger):** gear-driven, 10.15:1 [impeller](/source/Impeller) [gear ratio](/source/Gear_ratio) - **Fuel type:** 80 [octane](/source/Octane_rating) - **[Reduction gear](/source/Propeller_speed_reduction_unit):** Direct drive ### Performance - **Power output:** 420 hp (313 kW) at 2,200 RPM up to 1,400 ft (427 m); 450 hp (336 kW) at 2,250 RPM for takeoff - **[Specific power](/source/Power_density):** 0.43 hp/cu-in (19.7 kW/L) - **[Compression ratio](/source/Compression_ratio):** 6.3:1 - **[Power-to-weight ratio](/source/Power-to-weight_ratio):** 0.62 hp/lb (1.02 kW/kg) Specifications for different R-975 variants Engine Power, continuous Power, takeoff Compression ratio Supercharger gear ratio Octane rating Dry weight R-975E[6] 330 hp (246 kW) at 2,000 RPM 5.1:1 7.8:1 73 635 lb (288 kg) R-975E-1[8] 365 hp (272 kW) at 2,100 RPM 6.1:1 7.8:1 73 660 lb (299 kg) R-975E-3[10] 420 hp (313 kW) at 2,200 RPM 450 hp (336 kW) at 2,250 RPM 6.3:1 10.15:1 80 675 lb (306 kg) Continental R9-A[13] 500 hp (373 kW) at 2,300 RPM 525 hp (391 kW) at 2,300 RPM 6.3:1 10.15:1 91 705 lb (320 kg) Continental R-975-46A[1] — 550 hp (410 kW) at 2,400 RPM[1] — — — 730 lb (331.1 kg)[1] ## See also - [Wright Whirlwind](/source/Wright_Whirlwind) series **Related development** - [Wright J-5/R-790](/source/Wright_R-790) - [Wright J-6-5/R-540](/source/Wright_R-540) - [Wright J-6-7/R-760](/source/Wright_R-760) **Comparable engines** - [Alvis Leonides](/source/Alvis_Leonides) - [Pratt & Whitney R-985 Wasp Junior](/source/Pratt_%26_Whitney_R-985_Wasp_Junior) - [Bristol Mercury](/source/Bristol_Mercury) **Related lists** - [List of aircraft engines](/source/List_of_aircraft_engines) ## References ### Notes 1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-NASM_R975_46A_1-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-NASM_R975_46A_1-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-NASM_R975_46A_1-2) [***d***](#cite_ref-NASM_R975_46A_1-3) [***e***](#cite_ref-NASM_R975_46A_1-4) [***f***](#cite_ref-NASM_R975_46A_1-5) ["Continental (Wright) R-975-46A, Radial 9 Engine"](https://airandspace.si.edu/collection-objects/continental-wright-r-975-46a-radial-9-engine/nasm_A19690364000). *Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum*. Smithsonian Institution. Retrieved 2026-02-09. 1. **[^](#cite_ref-AmGIMuseum_M18_2-0)** ["M18 Hellcat (1943–1944)"](https://americangimuseum.org/collections/restored-vehicles/m18-hellcat-1943-1944/). *American G.I. Museum*. Retrieved 2026-02-09. 1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-CW40p11_3-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-CW40p11_3-1) Curtiss-Wright (1940), p. 11 1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-CW83_4-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-CW83_4-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-CW83_4-2) [***d***](#cite_ref-CW83_4-3) [***e***](#cite_ref-CW83_4-4) [***f***](#cite_ref-CW83_4-5) [***g***](#cite_ref-CW83_4-6) [***h***](#cite_ref-CW83_4-7) [***i***](#cite_ref-CW83_4-8) Curtiss-Wright (1983), p. 2 1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-CW40p13_5-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-CW40p13_5-1) Curtiss-Wright (1940), p. 13 1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-ATC21_6-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-ATC21_6-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-ATC21_6-2) FAA Type Certificate Data Sheet ATC 21 1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-CW40p14_7-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-CW40p14_7-1) Curtiss-Wright (1940), p. 14 1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-TC87_8-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-TC87_8-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-TC87_8-2) FAA Type Certificate Data Sheet TC 87 1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-CW40p18_9-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-CW40p18_9-1) Curtiss-Wright (1940), pp. 14, 16, 18 1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-TC125_10-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-TC125_10-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-TC125_10-2) [***d***](#cite_ref-TC125_10-3) FAA Type Certificate Data Sheet TC 125 1. **[^](#cite_ref-11)** ["'Cape Cod's' Success Climaxes 5 Years \[of\] Bellanca Records"](https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=2293&dat=19310802&id=pM4mAAAAIBAJ&sjid=OgIGAAAAIBAJ&pg=3141,5940038). *The Sunday Morning Star, Wilmington, DE*. August 2, 1931. Retrieved September 4, 2013. 1. **[^](#cite_ref-12)** [*Summary of Wright Engine Shipments: 1920 to 1963*](https://web.archive.org/web/20160303223130/http://enginehistory.org/Wright/WrightProd.pdf) (PDF), archived from [the original](http://enginehistory.org/Wright/WrightProd.pdf) (PDF) on March 3, 2016, retrieved December 15, 2009. Transcribed from Wright Aeronautical documents by Robert J. Neal T; available from the Aircraft Engine Historical Society's [reference page](http://enginehistory.org/reference.htm) [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20100204132400/http://www.enginehistory.org/reference.htm) 2010-02-04 at the [Wayback Machine](/source/Wayback_Machine). 1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-E245_13-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-E245_13-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-E245_13-2) FAA Type Certificate Data Sheet E-245 1. **[^](#cite_ref-14)** Lage (2004) pp152-163 1. **[^](#cite_ref-15)** ["O bom caminhão a casa torna"](https://oglobo.globo.com/economia/o-bom-caminhao-casa-torna-7905433). *Jornal O Globo* (in Portuguese). March 21, 2013. Retrieved October 1, 2018. 1. **[^](#cite_ref-CW40p19_16-0)** Curtiss-Wright (1940), p. 19 1. **[^](#cite_ref-17)** [*Wright R-975 Whirlwind 9*](https://web.archive.org/web/20131202235137/http://www.pimaair.org/collection-detail.php?cid=334), archived from [the original](http://www.pimaair.org/collection-detail.php?cid=334) on 2013-12-02, retrieved 2009-12-25. 1. **[^](#cite_ref-18)** [*Image Galleries by Gary and Janet Brossett: Pima Air and Space Museum in Tucson, Arizona*](https://web.archive.org/web/20090827014529/http://www.enginehistory.org/pima.htm), archived from [the original](http://www.enginehistory.org/pima.htm) on 2009-08-27, retrieved 2009-12-15. This page has a photo of a Wright R-975. 1. **[^](#cite_ref-19)** [*Aircraft Engines*](https://web.archive.org/web/20170728192438/http://www.passion-aviation.qc.ca/engines.htm), archived from [the original](http://passion-aviation.qc.ca/engines.htm) on 2017-07-28, retrieved 2009-12-17. This personal collection of museum aircraft engine photos includes a photo of the museum's R-975 under the section for the Hiller Museum. 1. **[^](#cite_ref-20)** [*Image Galleries by Gary and Janet Brossett: National Museum of Naval Aviation in Pensacola, Florida*](https://web.archive.org/web/20090827015231/http://www.enginehistory.org/nmna.htm), archived from [the original](http://www.enginehistory.org/nmna.htm) on 2009-08-27, retrieved 2009-12-15. This page has a photo of a Continental R-975-46A. 1. **[^](#cite_ref-21)** [*Continental R-975-46*](http://www.southernmuseumofflight.org/Continental%20R-975-46L/index.html), retrieved 2009-12-16. 1. **[^](#cite_ref-22)** [*Queensland Air Museum: The Engine Collection*](https://web.archive.org/web/20091004070233/http://www.qam.com.au/engines/engines.htm), archived from [the original](http://www.qam.com.au/engines/engines.htm) on 2009-10-04, retrieved 2009-12-15. 1. **[^](#cite_ref-23)** [*Queensland Air Museum: Courtesy of Bruce Vander Mark*](http://www.enginehistory.org/Museums/QAM/index2.html), retrieved 2009-12-15. This page has a [photo of a Continental R-975](http://www.enginehistory.org/Museums/QAM/wrightr975.html). ### Bibliography - [Curtiss-Wright](/source/Curtiss-Wright) (1940), [*Wright Engines - Past and Present*](https://web.archive.org/web/20100215023451/http://enginehistory.org/Wright/CWthrough1940.pdf) (PDF), pp. 11, 13, 14, 16, 18, 19, archived from [the original](http://enginehistory.org/Wright/CWthrough1940.pdf) (PDF) on February 15, 2010, retrieved December 14, 2009. Available from the Aircraft Engine Historical Society's [reference page](https://web.archive.org/web/20100204132400/http://www.enginehistory.org/reference.htm). - Lage, Manual (2004). *Hispano Suiza in Aeronautics*. Warrendale, USA: SAE International. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-0768009972](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0768009972). - [Curtiss-Wright](/source/Curtiss-Wright) (1983), [*Historical Engine Summary (Beginning 1930)*](https://web.archive.org/web/20101031225258/http://enginehistory.org/Wright/CWafter1930_2.pdf) (PDF), p. 2, archived from [the original](http://enginehistory.org/Wright/CWafter1930_2.pdf) (PDF) on October 31, 2010, retrieved December 14, 2009. Available from the Aircraft Engine Historical Society's [reference page](https://web.archive.org/web/20100204132400/http://www.enginehistory.org/reference.htm). The following [Federal Aviation Administration](/source/Federal_Aviation_Administration) [type certificate](/source/Type_certificate) data sheets, all available from the FAA's [Regulatory and Guidance Library](http://rgl.faa.gov) [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20161112071304/http://rgl.faa.gov/Regulatory_and_Guidance_Library/rgMakeModel.nsf/0/E68A34E7A9B5DBF1862572C0006DB044?OpenDocument) 2016-11-12 at the [Wayback Machine](/source/Wayback_Machine): - R-975E: [*Type Certificate Data Sheet ATC 21*](https://web.archive.org/web/20190125082735/http://rgl.faa.gov/Regulatory_and_Guidance_Library%5CrgMakeModel.nsf/0/822FDD7BD56E5A35862572C0006DAC21?OpenDocument), archived from [the original](http://rgl.faa.gov/Regulatory_and_Guidance_Library%5CrgMakeModel.nsf/0/822FDD7BD56E5A35862572C0006DAC21?OpenDocument) on January 25, 2019, retrieved December 14, 2009. - R-975E-1: [*Type Certificate Data Sheet TC 87*](https://web.archive.org/web/20190125062143/http://rgl.faa.gov/Regulatory_and_Guidance_Library%5CrgMakeModel.nsf/0/89D2F878A9A91AE78525670E0066AF85?OpenDocument), archived from [the original](http://rgl.faa.gov/Regulatory_and_Guidance_Library%5CrgMakeModel.nsf/0/89D2F878A9A91AE78525670E0066AF85?OpenDocument) on January 25, 2019, retrieved December 14, 2009. - R-975E-3: [*Type Certificate Data Sheet TC 125*](https://web.archive.org/web/20190125060104/http://rgl.faa.gov/Regulatory_and_Guidance_Library%5CrgMakeModel.nsf/0/AE008274229AEC838525670E0066BF4B?OpenDocument), archived from [the original](http://rgl.faa.gov/Regulatory_and_Guidance_Library%5CrgMakeModel.nsf/0/AE008274229AEC838525670E0066BF4B?OpenDocument) on January 25, 2019, retrieved December 14, 2009. - Continental R9-A: [*Type Certificate Data Sheet E-245*](https://web.archive.org/web/20190125095103/http://rgl.faa.gov/Regulatory_and_Guidance_Library%5CrgMakeModel.nsf/0/D1B47D14E078F2428525670E004371FE?OpenDocument), archived from [the original](http://rgl.faa.gov/Regulatory_and_Guidance_Library%5CrgMakeModel.nsf/0/D1B47D14E078F2428525670E004371FE?OpenDocument) on January 25, 2019, retrieved December 15, 2009. ## External links Wikimedia Commons has media related to [Wright R-975](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Wright_R-975). - Engine Data Sheets: US Aero Engines — [R-975 page](http://www.oldengine.org/members/diesel/Duxford/usaero16.htm) [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20090628105342/http://www.oldengine.org/members/diesel/Duxford/usaero16.htm) 2009-06-28 at the [Wayback Machine](/source/Wayback_Machine) v t e Wright and Lawrance aircraft engines Wright inline engines E Gipsy L-320 T-1 Tornado T-2 Tornado T-3 Tornado T-4 Tornado V-720 IV-1460 IV-1560 V-1950 Lawrance radials A-3 C-2 J-1 J-2 L-1 L-2 L-3 L-4 L-5 Wright radials Whirlwind family J-3 J-4 J-5 J-6-5 J-6-7 J-6-9 R-540 R-760 R-790 R-975 R-1510 R-1670 Cyclone family Cyclone 7 Cyclone 9 Cyclone Twin Cyclone Duplex-Cyclone Cyclone 22 R-1300 R-1750 R-1820 R-2600 R-3350 R-4090 Others L-3 Gale R-1200 R-2160 Tornado Turbojets J59 J61 J65 J67 Turboprops/turboshafts T35 T49 Ramjets RJ47 RJ55 v t e Continental Motors, Teledyne Continental, and Continental Aerospace Technologies aircraft engines Opposed-piston engines (Gasoline) By company horsepower designation A40 A50 A65 A70 A75 A80 C75 C85 C90 C115 C125 C140 C145 E165 E185 E225 Tiara series By displacement O-170 O-190 O-200 O-205 O-240 O-280 O-300 IO-346 IO-360 IO-368 IO-370 O-470 IO-520 O-526 IO-550 Aircraft diesel engines CD-155 CD-200 (TD-300) CD-300 Radial engines R-544 R-670 R-975 XR-1740-2 Inverted-V engines XI-1430 Turboprops TP-500 v t e United States military piston aircraft engine designation system H (four-bank H-configuration inline) H-1640 XH-2240 XH-2470 XH-2600 XH-3130 XH-3730 H-4070 IV (inverted-V inline) IV-1430 IV-2040 IV-2220 L (single-bank inline) L-330 L-365 L-375 L-390 L-410 L-440 L-510 L-825 O (opposed) O-15 O-40 O-45 O-90 O-100 O-145 O-150 O-170 O-175 O-180 O-190 O-200 (C) O-200 (F) O-205 O-235 O-290 O-300 O-335 O-360 (C) O-360 (L) O-405 O-425 O-435 O-470 O-480 O-520 O-540 (F) O-540 (L) O-550 O-580 O-805 O-1230 R (radial) R-250 R-265 R-270 R-370 (LB) R-370 (K) R-420 R-440 R-500 R-540 (W) R-540 (K) R-545 R-550 R-600 R-670 R-680 R-720 R-755 R-760 R-790 R-830 R-915 R-975 DR-980 R-985 R-1044 R-1300 R-1340 R-1454 R-1510 R-1535 R-1640 R-1670 R-1690 R-1740 R-1750 R-1820 R-1830 R-1860 R-2000 R-2060 R-2160 R-2180 R-2600 R-2800 R-3350 R-4090 R-4360 R-7755 V (upright-V inline) V-720 V-1150 V-1237 V-1400 V-1440 V-1460 V-1510 V-1560 V-1570 V-1650 (P) V-1710 V-1950 V-3420 V (inverted-V inline) V-770 V-1650 (L) VG (inverted-V inline) VG-1410 W (three-bank W-configuration inline) W-2779 See also: X-1800 US military gas turbine aeroengines Piston engine configurations --- Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Wright R-975 Whirlwind](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wright_R-975_Whirlwind) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wright_R-975_Whirlwind?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.