# Workers World Party

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Communist party in the United States

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Workers World Party Abbreviation WWP First Secretary Larry Holmes Founder Sam Marcy Founded 1959; 67 years ago (1959) Split from Socialist Workers Party Headquarters 121 W. 27th St. Suite 404. New York City, New York 10001 Newspaper Workers World Ideology Communism Marxism–Leninism[1] Marcyism[2] Political position Far-left Colors Red Website workers.org Politics of the United States Political parties Elections

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WWP and [FRSO](/source/Freedom_Road_Socialist_Organization) protesters at [Disrupt J20](/source/Disrupt_J20)

The **Workers World Party** (**WWP**) is a [Marxist–Leninist](/source/Marxist%E2%80%93Leninist) [communist party](/source/Communist_party) in the United States founded in 1959 by a group led by [Sam Marcy](/source/Sam_Marcy).[3][4][5] WWP members are sometimes called **Marcyites**. Marcy and his followers split from the [Socialist Workers Party](/source/Socialist_Workers_Party_(United_States)) (SWP) in 1958 over a series of long-standing differences, among them their support for [Henry A. Wallace](/source/Henry_A._Wallace)'s [Progressive Party](/source/Progressive_Party_(United_States%2C_1948)) in 1948, their view of the [People's Republic of China](/source/People's_Republic_of_China) as a [workers' state](/source/Workers'_state), and their defense of the [1956 Soviet intervention in Hungary](/source/1956_Hungarian_Revolution), some of which the SWP opposed.[6][7][8]

## History

Members staffing a WWP information booth at [Occupy Wall Street](/source/Occupy_Wall_Street), October 2011

The WWP had its origins in the Global Class War Tendency, led by [Sam Marcy](/source/Sam_Marcy) and [Vincent Copeland](/source/Vincent_Copeland), within the SWP. This group crystallized during the [1948 presidential election](/source/1948_United_States_presidential_election) when they urged the SWP to back [Henry Wallace](/source/Henry_Agard_Wallace)'s [Progressive Party](/source/Progressive_Party_(United_States%2C_1948)) campaign, rather than field their own candidates. Throughout the 1950s, the Global Class War Tendency expressed positions at odds with official SWP policy, categorizing the [Korean War](/source/Korean_War) as a class, rather than imperialist, conflict; support of the [People's Republic of China](/source/People's_Republic_of_China) as a [workers' state](/source/Workers'_state), if not necessarily supporting the [Mao Zedong](/source/Mao_Zedong) leadership; and supporting the suppression of the [Hungarian Revolution](/source/Hungarian_Revolution_of_1956) by the [Soviet Union](/source/Soviet_Union) in 1956.[9]

The Global Class War Tendency left the SWP in early 1959. Although they would later abandon [Trotskyism](/source/Trotskyism), in their [International Workers' Day](/source/International_Workers'_Day) issue (no. 3) of their new periodical, the group proclaimed: "We are THE Trotskyists. We stand 100% with all the principled positions of Leon Trotsky, the most revolutionary communist since Lenin".[10] The nascent group appears to have organized as the Workers World Party by February 1960.[11] At its inception, the WWP was concentrated among the [working class](/source/Working_class) in Buffalo, Youngstown, Seattle and New York. A youth organization, first known as the Anti-Fascist Youth Committee and later as [Youth Against War and Fascism](/source/Youth_Against_War_and_Fascism) (YAWF), was created in April 1962.[12]

The WWP began publishing the monthly [*Workers World* newspaper](/source/Workers_World_(newspaper)) in 1959; it was published weekly since 1974.

From the beginning, the WWP and YAWF concentrated their energies on [street demonstrations](/source/Street_demonstrations). Early campaigns focused on support of [Patrice Lumumba](/source/Patrice_Lumumba), opposition to the [House Un-American Activities Committee](/source/House_Un-American_Activities_Committee) and against racial discrimination in housing. They conducted the first protest against [American involvement in Vietnam](/source/United_States_in_the_Vietnam_War) on August 2, 1962.[13] Their opposition to the war also included the tactics of "[draft resistance](/source/Draft_resistance)" and ["GI resistance"](/source/Resistance_Inside_the_Army). After organizing demonstrations at [Fort Sill](/source/Fort_Sill), Oklahoma in support of a soldier being tried for possessing anti-war literature, they founded the [American Servicemen's Union](/source/American_Servicemen's_Union), intended to be a [mass organization](/source/Mass_organization) of American soldiers. However, the group was completely dominated by the WWP and YAWF.[14]

During the late 1960s and 1970s, the party was involved in protests over causes including "defen[se] of the heroic black uprisings in [Watts](/source/Watts_Riots), [Newark](/source/1967_Newark_riots), [Detroit](/source/1967_Detroit_riot), [Harlem](/source/Harlem_Riot_of_1964)" and [women's liberation](/source/Women's_liberation). During the [Attica Prison riot](/source/Attica_Prison_riot), the rioters requested YAWF member [Tom Soto](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tom_Soto&action=edit&redlink=1) to present their grievances for them. The WWP was most successful in organizing demonstrations in support of [desegregation "busing" in the Boston schools](/source/Boston_busing_crisis) in 1975. Nearly 30,000 people attended the Boston March Against Racism which they had organized. During the 1970s, they also attempted to begin work inside organized labor, but apparently were not very successful.[15]

In 1980, the WWP began to participate in [electoral politics](/source/Electoral_politics), naming a presidential ticket as well as candidates for New York Senate, congressional and state legislature seats. In California, they ran their candidate [Deirdre Griswold](/source/Deirdre_Griswold) in the primary for the [Peace and Freedom Party](/source/Peace_and_Freedom_Party) nomination. They came in last, with 1,232 votes out of 9,092. In 1984, the WWP supported [Jesse Jackson's](/source/Jesse_Jackson_presidential_campaign%2C_1984) bid for the [Democratic nomination](/source/Democratic_nomination_in_1984), but when he lost in the primaries they nominated their own presidential ticket, along with a handful of congressional and legislative nominees.[16]

### Splits

In 1968, the WWP absorbed a small faction of the [Spartacist League](/source/Spartacist_League_(US)) that had worked with it in the [Coalition for an Anti-Imperialist Movement](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Coalition_for_an_Anti-Imperialist_Movement&action=edit&redlink=1) called the [Revolutionary Communist League (Internationalist)](/source/Revolutionary_Communist_League_(Internationalist)). This group left the WWP in 1971 as the [New York Revolutionary Committee](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=New_York_Revolutionary_Committee&action=edit&redlink=1). The NYRC's newspaper provided rare details about the internal functioning of the group that have subsequently been used by scholars as a primary source. The NYRC later reconstituted as the Revolutionary Communist League (Internationalist).[17]

In 2004, the WWP suffered its most serious split when the San Francisco branch and some other members left to form the [Party for Socialism and Liberation](/source/Party_for_Socialism_and_Liberation).[18][19]

In July 2018, the WWP experienced another schism in which several branches including the Detroit branch, one of its oldest, resigned from the organization to form the [Communist Workers League](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Communist_Workers_League_(United_States)&action=edit&redlink=1).[20]

### Associated organizations

The WWP has organized, directed or participated in many coalition organizations for various causes, typically [anti-imperialist](/source/Anti-imperialism) in nature.

The [International Action Center](/source/International_Action_Center), which counts many WWP members as leading activists, founded the [Act Now to Stop War and End Racism](/source/A.N.S.W.E.R.) (ANSWER) coalition shortly after the [September 11 attacks](/source/September_11_attacks) in 2001 and has run the All People's Congress (APC). The APC and the IAC in particular share a large degree of overlap in their memberships with [cadre](/source/Cadre_(politics)) in the WWP.

In 2004, a [youth group](/source/List_of_youth_organizations) close to the WWP called Fight Imperialism Stand Together (FIST) was founded.[*[citation needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed)*] The group's website was live as of 2024[\[update\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Workers_World_Party&action=edit), but the latest newsletter available at that time was dated October 4, 2010,[21] and the home page advertised a "forthcoming" event on 3 December 2011.[22]

## Ideology

The WWP describes itself as a party that has since its founding "supported the struggles of all [oppressed](/source/Oppression) peoples". It has recognized the right of nations to [self-determination](/source/Self-determination), including the nationally oppressed peoples inside the United States. It supports [affirmative action](/source/Affirmative_action) as necessary in the fight for [equality](/source/Social_equality) and it opposes all forms of [racism](/source/Racism) and religious [bigotry](/source/Bigotry).[*[citation needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed)*]

The WWP and its affiliate Youth Against War and Fascism (YAWF) were known for their consistent defense of the [Black Panthers](/source/Black_Panther_Party), the [Weather Underground](/source/Weather_Underground), the [Vietnam Veterans Against the War](/source/Vietnam_Veterans_Against_the_War) and the [Puerto Rican Independence movement](/source/Fuerzas_Armadas_de_Liberaci%C3%B3n_Nacional_(Puerto_Rico)).[*[citation needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed)*]

### North Korea

The WWP has maintained a position of supporting the government of [North Korea](/source/North_Korea). Through its Vietnam-era front organization, the [American Servicemen's Union](/source/American_Servicemen's_Union) (ASU), the party endorsed a 1971 statement of support for that government. The statement was read on North Korea's international radio station by visiting ASU delegate [Andy Stapp](/source/Andy_Stapp).[23] In 1994, [Sam Marcy](/source/Sam_Marcy) sent a letter to [Kim Jong Il](/source/Kim_Jong_Il) expressing his condolences on behalf of the WWP on the [death of his father](/source/Death_and_state_funeral_of_Kim_Il_Sung) [Kim Il Sung](/source/Kim_Il_Sung), calling him a great leader and comrade in the international communist movement.[24] Its later front groups, IAC and formerly [International A.N.S.W.E.R.](/source/International_A.N.S.W.E.R.), have also demonstrated in support of North Korea.[25]

### Iraq

When the WWP was playing a role in organizing anti-war protests before the [invasion of Iraq](/source/Invasion_of_Iraq) in 2003, many newspapers and TV shows attacked the WWP for supporting Iraqi president [Saddam Hussein](/source/Saddam_Hussein).[26][27][28]

### Belarus

The WWP signalized support of [Alexander Lukashenko](/source/Alexander_Lukashenko) during the [Belarusian protests](/source/2020%E2%80%9321_Belarusian_protests) in 2020. They accused the protest movement of being "counterrevolutionary" and supported by the "fascist [Maidan](/source/Euromaidan) movement and the U.S. imperialism", while praising President Lukashenko for maintaining some socialist-oriented politics, "rejection of privatization" and keeping the Soviet state symbols.[29][30]

## Election results

The WWP has participated in presidential election campaigns since the 1980 election, though its effectiveness in this area is limited as it has been unable to get on the ballots of many states. The party also has run some campaigns for other offices. One of the most successful was in 1990, when Susan Farquhar got on the ballot as a Senate candidate in [Michigan](/source/Michigan) and received 1.3% of the vote. However, the party's best result was in the [1992 Ohio Senate election](/source/United_States_Senate_election_in_Ohio%2C_1992), when the WWP candidate received 6.7% of the vote, running against a Democrat and a Republican.[31]

### Presidential elections

In [2008](/source/2008_United_States_presidential_election), the WWP endorsed [Cynthia McKinney](/source/Cynthia_McKinney) of the [Green Party of the United States](/source/Green_Party_of_the_United_States).[32]

Year Presidential candidate Vice presidential candidate Popular votes % Electoral votes Result Ballot access Notes Ref 2016 Monica Moorehead Lamont Lilly 4,173 0.00% 0 Lost 142 / 538 [33] 2004 John Parker Teresa Gutierrez 1,646 0.00% 0 Lost 93 / 538 [a] [34] 2000 Monica Moorehead Gloria La Riva 4,795 0.00% 0 Lost 51 / 538 [35] 1996 Monica Moorehead Gloria La Riva 29,083 0.03% 0 Lost 153 / 538 [36] 1992 Gloria La Riva Larry Holmes 181 0.00% 0 Lost 5 / 538 [37] 1988 Larry Holmes Gloria La Riva 7,846 0.01% 0 Lost 157 / 538 [38] 1984 Larry Holmes[b] Gloria La Riva 17,983 0.02% 0 Lost 130 / 538 [39] 1980 Deirdre Griswold Gavrielle Holmes 13,213 0.01% 0 Lost 117 / 538 [40]

## Notable members

- [Vince Copeland](/source/Vincent_Copeland), actor

- [Leslie Feinberg](/source/Leslie_Feinberg), author

- [Sara Flounders](/source/Sara_Flounders), activist

- [Sam Marcy](/source/Sam_Marcy), author

## See also

- [Politics portal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Politics)
- [Communism portal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Communism)
- [United States portal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:United_States)

- [Revolutionary Communist Party, USA](/source/Revolutionary_Communist_Party%2C_USA)

- [American Left](/source/American_Left)

- [History of the socialist movement in the United States](/source/Socialism_in_the_United_States)

- [Democratic Socialists of America](/source/Democratic_Socialists_of_America)

- [Communist Party USA](/source/Communist_Party_USA)

- [Socialist Alternative (United States)](/source/Socialist_Alternative_(United_States))

## Notes

1. **[^](#cite_ref-34)** 2004: Vote total includes 265 votes on the [Liberty Union Party](/source/Liberty_Union_Party) line in [Vermont](/source/Vermont).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-40)** In 1984, [Gavrielle Holmes](/source/Gavrielle_Holmes) ran in place of Larry Holmes in some states.

## References

1. **[^](#cite_ref-1)** ["Workers World Party: Who We Are"](https://workersworld-party.org/about/). Workers World Party. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20231015032458/https://workersworld-party.org/about/) from the original on October 15, 2023. Workers World Party is a revolutionary Marxist-Leninist party dedicated to organizing and fighting for a socialist revolution in the United States and around the world. With branches around the U.S., WWP develops militant organizers in every struggle, from anti-racist and immigrant rights to labor, anti-war and anti-imperialist struggles.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-2)** Lawrence, Ken. ["Roots of the Workers World Party"](https://libcom.org/article/roots-workers-world-party-ken-lawrence). libcom.org. This stance in turn meant playing down to insignificance polemics against Stalinism, while seeking leadership of the class through exemplary action. The Marcyites remained uneasily as a faction within the SWP until the USSR's military invasion of Hungary in 1956, which they supported and the SWP denounced. Depending on whose version you believe, the Marcy-Copeland faction either left (Marcy) or was expelled (Cannon), and formed Workers World Party in 1957.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-3)** ["Selected Works of Sam Marcy"](http://www.workers.org/marcy/cd/). *Workers World*. Retrieved October 2, 2008.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-4)** ["Sam Marcy (by L. Proyect)"](https://www.columbia.edu/~lnp3/mydocs/american_left/marcy.htm). *www.columbia.edu*. Retrieved January 12, 2026.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-5)** ["Sam Marcy, Marxist Writer, Dies at 86 (Published 1998)"](https://www.nytimes.com/1998/02/09/nyregion/sam-marcy-marxist-writer-dies-at-86.html). February 9, 1998. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20250306122416/https://www.nytimes.com/1998/02/09/nyregion/sam-marcy-marxist-writer-dies-at-86.html) from the original on March 6, 2025. Retrieved January 12, 2026.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-6)** ["China – A setback for Imprerialism"](https://www.themilitant.com/1949/1340/MIL1340.pdf) (PDF). *The Militant*. October 3, 1949.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-7)** ["The SWP Position on China"](https://www.marxists.org/history/etol/document/swp-us/idb/swp-1960-65/v24n19-jun-1963-db.pdf) (PDF). *SWP Discussion Bulletin*. June 1963.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-8)** ["The SWP Position on China"](https://www.themilitant.com/2001/6518/651849.html). *The Militant*. 2001.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAlexander1991911_9-0)** [Alexander 1991](#CITEREFAlexander1991), p. 911.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-10)** Copeland, Vince, ed. (May 1, 1959). ["Pressure of Khrushchev Too Much for Vanguard"](https://www.workers.org/wp-content/uploads/ww1959-0501-v01n03.pdf) (PDF). *Workers World*. Vol. 1, no. 3. p. 2. Retrieved May 23, 2025.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAlexander1973554_11-0)** [Alexander 1973](#CITEREFAlexander1973), p. 554.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAlexander1991912_12-0)** [Alexander 1991](#CITEREFAlexander1991), p. 912.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-13)** Klehr, Harvey (1988). *Far Left of Center*.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAlexander1991912–913_14-0)** [Alexander 1991](#CITEREFAlexander1991), pp. 912–913.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAlexander1991913_15-0)** [Alexander 1991](#CITEREFAlexander1991), p. 913.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAlexander1991914_16-0)** [Alexander 1991](#CITEREFAlexander1991), p. 914.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAlexander1991913,_941–943,_1049_17-0)** [Alexander 1991](#CITEREFAlexander1991), pp. 913, 941–943, 1049.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-18)** ["Founding statement of the Party for Socialism and Liberation"](https://liberationschool.org/founding-statement-of-the-party-for-socialism-and-liberation/). Liberation School. August 1, 2004. Retrieved August 20, 2018.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-19)** Freedlander, David (October 13, 2015). ["Bernie Sanders Isn't Socialist Enough for Many Socialists"](https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-10-13/bernie-sanders-isn-t-socialist-enough-for-many-socialists). Bloomberg. Retrieved August 20, 2018.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-20)** ["Detroit branch resignation from WWP"](https://web.archive.org/web/20180929114632/http://workersworlddetroit.org/detroit-branch-resignation-from-wwp/). The Former Workers World Party. July 15, 2018. Archived from [the original](http://workersworlddetroit.org/detroit-branch-resignation-from-wwp/) on September 29, 2018. Retrieved September 28, 2018.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-21)** ["Newsletter"](https://fistnewsletter.wordpress.com/). FIST. October 4, 2010. Retrieved November 30, 2024.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-22)** ["Home page"](https://fistyouth.wordpress.com/). Fight Imperialism Stand Together. November 23, 2011. Retrieved November 30, 2024. Dance Dance REVOLUTION: Durham, NC FIST Fundraiser, Saturday 3 December 2011

1. **[^](#cite_ref-23)** "Workers World Party and Its Front Organizations" (April 1974) [US House Committee on Internal Security](/source/House_Un-American_Activities_Committee)

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Kim_Il_Sung_24-0)** Marcy, Sam (July 21, 1994). ["Kim Il Sung – Anti-imperialist fighter, socialist hero"](https://www.workers.org/marcy/cd/sam94/1994html/s940721.htm).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Carlson_25-0)** Carlson, Peter (December 15, 2002). "The Crusader: Ramsey Clark Was LBJ's Attorney General. Now He's Busy Denouncing U.S. 'War Crimes' in Places Like Iraq, N. Korea. How Did That Happen?". *[The Washington Post](/source/The_Washington_Post)*.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-26)** Cooper, Marc (September 29, 2002). "A Smart Peace Movement is MIA". *[Los Angeles Times](/source/Los_Angeles_Times)*.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-27)** Gitlin, Todd (October 14, 2002). "Who Will Lead?". *Mother Jones*.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-28)** Corn, David (November 1, 2002). "Behind the Placards: The odd and troubling origins of today's antiwar movement". *[LA Weekly](/source/LA_Weekly)*.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-29)** Grotewohl, Otis (August 29, 2020). ["Workers and communists in Belarus unite behind Lukashenko"](https://www.workers.org/2020/08/50925/). *Workers World*. Retrieved September 29, 2020.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-30)** Grotewohl, Otis (August 17, 2020). ["U.S., fascists set scopes on socialist-leaning Belarus"](https://www.workers.org/2020/08/50609/). *Workers World*. Retrieved September 29, 2020.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-31)** ["Vote for U.S. Senate"](https://www.ballot-access.org/2003/0101.html#9). *Ballot Access News*. January 1, 2003. Retrieved September 22, 2008.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-32)** ["Cynthia McKinney for president"](https://www.workers.org/2008/editorials/cynthia_mckinney_0724/). Workers World Party. July 17, 2008. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20081013182026/https://www.workers.org/2008/editorials/cynthia_mckinney_0724/) from the original on October 13, 2008.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-FEC2016_33-0)** ["Federal Elections 2016"](https://www.fec.gov/resources/cms-content/documents/federalelections2016.pdf) (PDF). [Federal Election Commission](/source/Federal_Election_Commission). December 2017. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20191202185336/https://www.fec.gov/resources/cms-content/documents/federalelections2016.pdf) (PDF) from the original on December 2, 2019.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-FEC2004_35-0)** ["Federal Elections 2004"](https://www.fec.gov/resources/cms-content/documents/federalelections2004.pdf) (PDF). [Federal Election Commission](/source/Federal_Election_Commission). July 2009. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20191202185553/https://www.fec.gov/resources/cms-content/documents/federalelections2004.pdf) (PDF) from the original on December 2, 2019.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-FEC00_36-0)** ["Federal Elections 00"](https://www.fec.gov/resources/cms-content/documents/federalelections00.pdf) (PDF). [Federal Election Commission](/source/Federal_Election_Commission). July 2009. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20191202185648/https://www.fec.gov/resources/cms-content/documents/federalelections00.pdf) (PDF) from the original on December 2, 2019.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-FEC1996_37-0)** ["Federal Elections 96"](https://www.fec.gov/resources/cms-content/documents/federalelections96.pdf) (PDF). [Federal Election Commission](/source/Federal_Election_Commission). July 2009. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20191202185745/https://www.fec.gov/resources/cms-content/documents/federalelections96.pdf) (PDF) from the original on December 2, 2019.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-FEC1992_38-0)** ["Federal Elections 92"](https://www.fec.gov/resources/cms-content/documents/federalelections92.pdf) (PDF). [Federal Election Commission](/source/Federal_Election_Commission). July 2009. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20191202162939/https://www.fec.gov/resources/cms-content/documents/federalelections92.pdf) (PDF) from the original on December 2, 2019.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-FEC1988_39-0)** ["Federal Elections 88"](https://www.fec.gov/resources/cms-content/documents/federalelections88.pdf) (PDF). [Federal Election Commission](/source/Federal_Election_Commission). July 2009. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20191202162943/https://www.fec.gov/resources/cms-content/documents/federalelections88.pdf) (PDF) from the original on December 2, 2019.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-FEC1984_41-0)** ["Federal Elections 84"](https://www.fec.gov/resources/cms-content/documents/federalelections84.pdf) (PDF). [Federal Election Commission](/source/Federal_Election_Commission). July 2009. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20191202162947/https://www.fec.gov/resources/cms-content/documents/federalelections84.pdf) (PDF) from the original on December 2, 2019.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-HC1980_42-0)** ["Statistics of the Presidential and Congressional Election of November 4, 1980"](http://clerk.house.gov/member_info/electionInfo/1980election.pdf) (PDF). [Clerk of the United States House of Representatives](/source/Clerk_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives). April 15, 1981. p. 73. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20080528234643/http://clerk.house.gov/member_info/electionInfo/1980election.pdf) (PDF) from the original on May 28, 2008.

## Sources

- [House of Representatives Committee on Internal Security](/source/United_States_House_of_Representatives) (1974). *The Workers World Party and Its Front Organizations*. [Washington](/source/Washington%2C_D.C.): [United States Congress](/source/United_States_Congress).

- Alexander, Robert (1991). *International Trotskyism: a documented analysis of the world movement*. [Durham](/source/Durham%2C_North_Carolina): [Duke University Press](/source/Duke_University_Press).

- Alexander, Robert (1973). "Schisms and unifications in the American Old Left 1953–1970". *Labor History*. **14** (Fall 1973).

## Further reading

- Ken Lawrence (January 1999). ["Roots of the Workers World Party"](https://libcom.org/article/roots-workers-world-party-ken-lawrence). Marxmail Discussion List.

- ["Politics 1 Guide to US Political parties"](https://www.politics1.com/parties.htm). It contains brief entry on WWP.

- ["A Clarification on Sam Marcy and Henry Wallace"](http://www.icl-fi.org/english/wv/928/wallace.html). A correspondence on the early history of the Global Class War tendency.

- [Kevin Coogan](/source/Kevin_Coogan). ["'Peace Activists' with a Secret Agenda Part Three: Stealth Trotskyism and the Mystery of the WWP"](https://oraclesyndicate.twoday.net/stories/2560160/).

## External links

- [Official website](http://www.workers.org/)

- [Sam Marcy](/source/Sam_Marcy) (1979). [*The Global Class War and the Destiny of American Labor*](https://archive.org/details/TheGlobalClassWarAndTheDestinyOfAmericanLabor). New Haven, Connecticut: Revolutionary Communist League (Internationalist). A foundational document of the Global Class War tendency.

- V. Grey New York (November 3, 1956). [*The Class Character of the Hungarian Uprising: Proposed Resolution on the Class Character of the Hungarian Uprising*](https://archive.org/details/TheClassCharacterOfTheHungarianUprisingProposedResolutionOnThe). Reissued by *Workers World* in 1959. Another foundational document of the Global Class War tendency.

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Workers World Party](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Workers_World_Party) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Workers_World_Party?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.