# Witness Hill

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{{Short description|Landform type of a Hill with the upper part in Plain}}A '''witness hill''' is a type of [landform](/source/landform) created from the [erosion](/source/erosion) of the [earth](/source/earth). It is a testimony of the [evolution](/source/evolution) and retreat of a [platform](/source/Platform_(geology)) or [cuesta relief](/source/Cuesta), that is, it is a rest of the platform in a [relief](/source/relief) where there are layers of hard and soft rocks arranged horizontally in which erosion has sculpted [landscapes](/source/landscapes) that are also horizontal. As the erosion produced by the [river](/source/river)s increases in the soft layers, [hill](/source/hill)s are formed, and if the [plateau](/source/plateau) is attacked by erosion from all sides, the witness hills with flat summits appear. They are therefore, the "witnesses" of the platform that existed in that place millions of years ago.<ref>{{citation |last=Cascos Maraña |first=Cayetano |date=1987 |chapter=La compleja y variada configuración del relieve |lang=es |trans-chapter=The complex and varied configuration of the relief |title=Geografía de Castilla y León. Los espacios naturales |volume= |isbn=84-86047-94-3 |page=18}}</ref>

[[File:Ipf.jpg|thumb|280x280px|The [Ipf](/source/Ipf_(mountain)) in [Germany](/source/Germany) is a various of the witness hills examples.]]

[[File:Cerro_testigo_en_Toledo.JPG|thumb|270x270px|Witness hills range in [Toledo Province](/source/Province_of_Toledo), [Spain](/source/Spain).]]

[[File:De_Yalgo_a_Dori_Marco_Schmidt_0922.jpg|thumb|270x270px|Dori Plateau in [Dori, Burkina Faso](/source/Dori%2C_Burkina_Faso).]]

[[File:Le_billard.JPG|thumb|260x260px|Witness hill in [Ouled Naïl Range](/source/Ouled_Na%C3%AFl_Range), [Bou Saâda](/source/Bou_Sa%C3%A2da), [Algeria](/source/Algeria).]]

Some examples of this type of geological formation are: [Pilot Mountain](/source/Pilot_Mountain_(North_Carolina)), [North Carolina](/source/North_Carolina), [Dori Plateau](/source/Dori%2C_Burkina_Faso), [Burkina Faso](/source/Burkina_Faso), [La Teta Hill](/source/La_Teta_Hill), [La Guajira Peninsula](/source/Guajira_Peninsula) and the ''Hills of Guayana'', [Venezuela](/source/Venezuela). These hills are quite common in the sedimentary basins of the [Meseta Central](/source/Meseta_Central) of the [Iberian Peninsula](/source/Iberian_Peninsula),<ref>{{citation |last=Moreno Peña |first=José Luis |date=1991 |chapter=Las llanuras al N. del Duero: Campiñas arcillosas y páramos calcáreos |lang=es |trans-chapter=The plains to the N. of the Duero: Clay fields and calcareous moors |title=Geografía de Castilla y León. Las comarcas renovadas |isbn=84-86047-94-3 |pages=48-49}}</ref> in the [Ebro Depression](/source/Ebro_Depression) and in the tabular reliefs.

== References ==

<references />

Category:Erosion landforms
Category:Landforms

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Witness Hill](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Witness_Hill) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Witness_Hill?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.