# Windows Server

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Group of server operating systems by Microsoft

Not to be confused with [Microsoft Servers](/source/Microsoft_Servers).

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Operating system

Windows Server Developer Microsoft Source model Closed-source Source-available (through Shared Source Initiative) Initial release July 27, 1993; 32 years ago (1993-07-27) Latest release Windows Server 2025 (10.0.x)[1] / 1 November 2024; 19 months ago (1 November 2024) Latest preview vNext (10.0.29558) / March 27, 2026; 2 months ago (2026-03-27)[2] Update method Windows Update Windows Server Update Services Configuration Manager Docker Hub Intune Default user interface Windows shell PowerShell Windows Admin Center License Trialware, SaaS, or volume licensing Official website www.microsoft.com/windows-server

**Windows Server** (formerly **Windows NT Server**) is a brand name for [server](/source/Server_(computing))-oriented releases of the [Windows NT](/source/Windows_NT) operating system (OS) that have been developed by [Microsoft](/source/Microsoft) since 1993. The first release under this brand name is Windows NT 3.1 Advanced Server, an edition of [Windows NT 3.1](/source/Windows_NT_3.1). With the release of [Windows Server 2003](/source/Windows_Server_2003), Microsoft started releasing new versions under the name Windows Server. The latest release of Windows NT under the Windows Server brand is [Windows Server 2025](/source/Windows_Server_2025).[3]

Microsoft's history of developing operating systems for servers goes back to Windows NT 3.1 Advanced Server.

## History

This section needs expansion with: Each subsection as each is quite short or has nothing. You can help by making an edit requestadding missing information. (February 2024)

### Windows NT 3.x Server

Main articles: [Windows NT 3.1](/source/Windows_NT_3.1), [Windows NT 3.5](/source/Windows_NT_3.5), and [Windows NT 3.51](/source/Windows_NT_3.51)

Windows NT 3.1 Advanced Server was released on July 27, 1993[*[citation needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed)*] as an edition of Windows NT 3.1, an operating system aimed towards business and server use. As with its Workstation counterpart, Windows NT 3.1 Advanced Server was a 32 bit rewrite of the Windows kernel that retained a similar user interface to Windows 3.1. Unlike the latter, however, Windows NT 3.1 Advanced Server was a complete operating system that did not need to be run from [DOS](/source/DOS). Windows NT 3.1 Advanced Server, like its Workstation counterpart, featured new features such as [multiuser](/source/Multi-user_software) support and [preemptive multitasking](/source/Preemption_(computing)#Preemptive_multitasking).[4] In 1994, Microsoft released Windows NT 3.5 Server. It introduced [TCP/IP](/source/TCP%2FIP) and [Winsock](/source/Winsock) support integrated into the operating system, alongside the ability to use [FTP](/source/FTP). It also supported VFAT.[*[citation needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed)*]

In 1995, Microsoft released Windows NT 3.51 Server, an update to Windows NT 3.5 Server, which added NTFS compression and support for the [PowerPC](/source/PowerPC) architecture.[*[citation needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed)*]

### Windows NT 4.0 Server

Main article: [Windows NT 4.0](/source/Windows_NT_4.0)

In 1996, Microsoft released Windows NT 4.0 Server. It added the new user interface introduced in [Windows 95](/source/Windows_95) the previous year. In addition, it dropped support for the PowerPC, Alpha, and MIPS architectures. Microsoft updated Winsock to version 2 and IIS 2.0 and FrontPage are included.[*[citation needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed)*]

### Windows 2000 Server

Main article: [Windows 2000](/source/Windows_2000)

In 2000, Microsoft released Windows 2000 Server. It mainly introduced [Active Directory](/source/Active_Directory).

### Windows Server 2003

Main article: [Windows Server 2003](/source/Windows_Server_2003)

Windows Server 2003 is based on [Windows XP](/source/Windows_XP). It is the first server version to use the "Windows Server" brand name.

### Windows Server 2008 and 2008 R2

Main articles: [Windows Server 2008](/source/Windows_Server_2008) and [Windows Server 2008 R2](/source/Windows_Server_2008_R2)

Windows Server 2008 is based on [Windows Vista](/source/Windows_Vista), while Windows Server 2008 R2 is based on [Windows 7](/source/Windows_7).

### Windows Server 2012 and 2012 R2

Main articles: [Windows Server 2012](/source/Windows_Server_2012) and [Windows Server 2012 R2](/source/Windows_Server_2012_R2)

Windows Server 2012 is based on [Windows 8](/source/Windows_8), while Windows Server 2012 R2 is based on [Windows 8.1](/source/Windows_8.1).

### Windows Server 2016, 2019 and 2022

Main articles: [Windows Server 2016](/source/Windows_Server_2016), [Windows Server 2019](/source/Windows_Server_2019), and [Windows Server 2022](/source/Windows_Server_2022)

These versions of Windows Server are all based on [Windows 10](/source/Windows_10). Windows Server 2016 is based on [Windows 10, version 1607](/source/Windows_10%2C_version_1607), Windows Server 2019 is based on [Windows 10, version 1809](/source/Windows_10%2C_version_1809) and Windows Server 2022 is based on [Windows 10, version 21H2](/source/Windows_10%2C_version_21H2).

### Windows Server 2025

Main article: [Windows Server 2025](/source/Windows_Server_2025)

This version of Windows Server is based on [Windows 11](/source/Windows_11), [version 24H2](/source/Windows_11%2C_version_24H2).[5]

## Members

### Main releases

Main releases include:

- [Windows NT 3.1 Advanced Server](/source/Windows_NT_3.1) (July 27, 1993)

- [Windows NT 3.5 Server](/source/Windows_NT_3.5) (September 21, 1994)

- [Windows NT 3.51 Server](/source/Windows_NT_3.51) (May 30, 1995)

- [Windows NT 4.0 Server](/source/Windows_NT_4.0) (August 24, 1996)

- [Windows 2000 Server](/source/Windows_2000) (February 17, 2000)

- [Windows Server 2003](/source/Windows_Server_2003) (April 24, 2003)[6]

- [Windows Server 2003 R2](/source/Windows_Server_2003_R2) (March 5, 2006)[7]

- [Windows Server 2008](/source/Windows_Server_2008) (February 27, 2008)[8]

- [Windows Server 2008 R2](/source/Windows_Server_2008_R2) (October 22, 2009)[9]

- [Windows Server 2012](/source/Windows_Server_2012) (September 4, 2012)[10]

- [Windows Server 2012 R2](/source/Windows_Server_2012_R2) (October 17, 2013)[11]

- [Windows Server 2016](/source/Windows_Server_2016) (October 12, 2016)[12]

- [Windows Server 2019](/source/Windows_Server_2019) (October 2, 2018)[13]

- [Windows Server 2022](/source/Windows_Server_2022) (August 18, 2021)[14]

- [Windows Server 2025](/source/Windows_Server_2025) (November 1, 2024)[15]

Traditionally, Microsoft supports Windows Server for 10 years, with five years of mainstream support and an additional five years of extended support. These releases also offer a complete [desktop experience](/source/Desktop_environment). Starting with Windows Server 2008, Server Core and Nano Server configurations were made available to reduce the OS footprint.[16][17] Between 2015 and 2021, Microsoft referred to these releases as "[long-term support](/source/Long-term_support)" releases to set them apart from semi-annual releases (see below.)

For sixteen years, Microsoft released a major version of Windows Server every four years, with one minor version released two years after a major release. The minor versions had an "R2" suffix in their names. In October 2018, Microsoft broke this tradition with the release of Windows Server 2019, which would have been "Windows Server 2016 R2". Windows Server 2022 is also a minor upgrade over its predecessor.[18][19]

### Branded releases

Certain editions of Windows Server have a customized name:

- Windows Storage Server (editions of Windows Server 2003 through 2016; editions of Windows Server IoT 2019 and its successors)[20][21][22]

- [Windows HPC Server 2008](/source/Windows_HPC_Server_2008)

- [Windows HPC Server 2008 R2](/source/Windows_HPC_Server_2008_R2)

- [Windows Home Server](/source/Windows_Home_Server) (an edition of Windows Server 2003)

- [Windows Home Server 2011](/source/Windows_Home_Server_2011) (an edition of Windows Server 2008 R2)

- [Hyper-V](/source/Hyper-V) Server (a discontinued,[23] [freeware](/source/Freeware) edition of Windows Server 2008 through 2019)[24]

- [Windows MultiPoint Server](/source/Windows_MultiPoint_Server)

- [Windows Server Essentials](/source/Windows_Server_Essentials)[25][26]

- [Windows Essential Business Server](/source/Windows_Essential_Business_Server) (discontinued)[27]

- Azure Stack [HCI](/source/Hyper-converged_infrastructure) (an edition of Windows Server 2019 and later)[28]

### Semi-Annual releases (discontinued)

Following the release of Windows Server 2016, Microsoft attempted to mirror the lifecycle of Windows 10 in the Windows Server family, releasing new versions twice a year which were supported for 18 months. These semi-annual versions were only available as part of Microsoft subscription services, including Software Assurance, Azure Marketplace, and [Visual Studio](/source/Visual_Studio) subscriptions,[29] until their discontinuation in July 2021.[30][29]

The semi-annual releases do not include any desktop environments. Instead, they are restricted to the Nano Server configuration installed in a [Docker](/source/Docker_(software)) [container](/source/Containerization_(computing)),[17][29] and the Server Core configuration, licensed only to serve as a container host.[17][29]

Semi-Annual releases include:[31]

- Windows Server, version 1709 (unsupported as of April 9, 2019; 7 years ago (2019-04-09))

- Windows Server, version 1803 (unsupported as of November 12, 2019; 6 years ago (2019-11-12))

- Windows Server, version 1809 (unsupported as of November 10, 2020; 5 years ago (2020-11-10))

- Windows Server, version 1903 (unsupported as of December 8, 2020; 5 years ago (2020-12-08))

- Windows Server, version 1909 (unsupported as of May 11, 2021; 5 years ago (2021-05-11))

- Windows Server, version 2004 (unsupported as of December 14, 2021; 4 years ago (2021-12-14))

- Windows Server, version 20H2 (unsupported as of August 9, 2022; 3 years ago (2022-08-09))[32][33][34][35]

### Annual releases

The Annual Channel was first announced in July 2023, with the first version being released on September the same year. Unlike the Semi-Annual releases, each Annual Channel release would receive six months of extended support in addition to the 18 months of regular support. Annual releases are made available every twelve months, hence the name. Datacenter is the only edition available.

Annual releases include:[36]

- Windows Server, version 23H2

## See also

- [List of Microsoft Windows versions](/source/List_of_Microsoft_Windows_versions)

- [Microsoft Servers](/source/Microsoft_Servers)

- [Linux range of use § Servers, mainframes and supercomputers](/source/Linux_range_of_use#Servers,_mainframes_and_supercomputers)

- [NetWare](/source/NetWare)

- [Open Enterprise Server](/source/Open_Enterprise_Server)

## References

1. **[^](#cite_ref-wikidata-3c8fd4daa753e5c321772ad75ba8dbae55f0693f-v20_1-0)** ["Windows Server release information"](https://web.archive.org/web/20241107164951/https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/get-started/windows-server-release-info). Microsoft. November 1, 2024. Archived from [the original](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/get-started/windows-server-release-info) on November 7, 2024. Retrieved November 7, 2024.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-2)** ["Announcing Windows Server vNext Preview Build 29558"](https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/discussions/windowsserverinsiders/announcing-windows-server-vnext-preview-build-29558/4505991). *Microsoft Tech Community*. when reporting issues please refer to "VNext" rather than Windows Server 2025 which is currently in market.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-3)** ["Windows Server 2025 now generally available, with advanced security, improved performance, and cloud agility"](https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/blog/2024/11/04/windows-server-2025-now-generally-available-with-advanced-security-improved-performance-and-cloud-agility/). *Microsoft Windows Server Blog*. November 4, 2024. Retrieved November 5, 2024.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-4)** ["30 years of Windows Server"](https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/t5/windows-server-essentials-and/30-years-of-windows-server/ba-p/3884810). *TECHCOMMUNITY.MICROSOFT.COM*. Retrieved February 27, 2024.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-5)** Woolsey, Jeff. ["Introducing Windows Server 2025! - Microsoft Tech Community"](https://web.archive.org/web/20240917105409/https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/t5/windows-server-news-and-best/introducing-windows-server-2025/ba-p/4026374). Archived from [the original](https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/t5/windows-server-news-and-best/introducing-windows-server-2025/ba-p/4026374) on September 17, 2024. Retrieved January 26, 2024.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-6)** ["Windows Server 2003 – Microsoft Lifecycle"](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/lifecycle/products/windows-server-2003-). Microsoft. March 8, 2008. Retrieved August 19, 2021.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-7)** ["Windows Server 2003 R2 – Microsoft Lifecycle"](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/lifecycle/products/windows-server-2003-r2). Microsoft. March 8, 2008. Retrieved August 19, 2021.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-8)** ["Windows Server 2008 – Microsoft Lifecycle"](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/lifecycle/products/windows-server-2008). Microsoft. Retrieved September 25, 2012.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-9)** ["Windows Server 2008 R2 – Microsoft Lifecycle"](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/lifecycle/products/windows-server-2008-r2). Microsoft. Retrieved September 25, 2012.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-2012-prod-lifecycle_10-0)** ["Windows Server 2012 – Microsoft Lifecycle"](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/lifecycle/products/windows-server-2012). *Microsoft Support*. Microsoft. January 2012. Retrieved October 10, 2012.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-slc_11-0)** ["Windows Server 2012 R2 – Microsoft Lifecycle"](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/lifecycle/products/windows-server-2012-r2). Microsoft.com. Retrieved December 27, 2018.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-12)** ["Windows Server 2016 – Microsoft Lifecycle"](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/lifecycle/products/windows-server-2016). *Microsoft Support*. Microsoft. Retrieved December 7, 2016.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-13)** ["Windows Server 2019 – Microsoft Lifecycle"](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/lifecycle/products/windows-server-2019). *Microsoft Support*. Microsoft. Retrieved August 19, 2021.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-14)** ["Windows Server 2022 – Microsoft Lifecycle"](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/lifecycle/products/windows-server-2022). *Microsoft Support*. Microsoft. Retrieved August 19, 2021.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-15)** Woolsey, Jeff. ["Introducing Windows Server 2025"](https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/t5/windows-server-news-and-best/introducing-windows-server-2025/ba-p/4026374). *Microsoft Tech Community Hub*. Retrieved January 26, 2024.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-16)** ["What is Microsoft Windows Server LTSC (Long-Term Servicing Channel)? – Definition from WhatIs.com"](https://searchwindowsserver.techtarget.com/definition/Microsoft-Windows-Server-LTSC-Long-Term-Servicing-Channel). *SearchWindowsServer*. Retrieved March 22, 2018.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-thomasmaurer_17-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-thomasmaurer_17-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-thomasmaurer_17-2) ["Windows Server – Semi-Annual Channel (SAC) vs Long-Term Servicing Channel (LTSC) – Thomas Maurer"](https://www.thomasmaurer.ch/2017/11/windows-server-semi-annual-channel-sac-vs-long-term-servicing-channel-ltsc). *Thomas Maurer*. November 19, 2017. Retrieved March 22, 2018.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-18)** Sommergut, Wolfgang (August 24, 2021). ["Windows Server 2022 released: Overview of new features"](https://4sysops.com/archives/windows-server-2022-released-overview-of-new-features). *4sysops*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20210824222556/https://4sysops.com/archives/windows-server-2022-released-overview-of-new-features) from the original on August 24, 2021.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-19)** [Foley, Mary Jo](/source/Mary_Jo_Foley) (August 20, 2021). ["Microsoft's Windows Server 2022 is rolling out to mainstream users"](https://www.zdnet.com/article/microsofts-windows-server-2022-is-rolling-out-to-mainstream-users/). *[ZDNet](/source/ZDNet)*. [CBS Interactive](/source/CBS_Interactive). [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20210822023622/https://www.zdnet.com/article/microsofts-windows-server-2022-is-rolling-out-to-mainstream-users) from the original on August 22, 2021.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-20)** ["Windows Storage Server Lifecycle (EOL)"](https://endoflife.software/operating-systems/windows/windows-storage-server). *EndOfLife.Software*.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-21)** ["Windows Server IoT 2019 for Storage"](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/lifecycle/products/windows-server-iot-2019-for-storage). *[Microsoft](/source/Microsoft).com*. Retrieved August 10, 2022.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-22)** ["Windows Server IoT 2022"](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/lifecycle/products/windows-server-iot-2022). *[Microsoft](/source/Microsoft).com*. Retrieved August 10, 2022.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-23)** Christensen, Elden (March 25, 2022). ["Hyper-V in the 2022 Wave"](https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/t5/windows-server-insiders/hyper-v-server-2022/m-p/3266371/highlight/true#M2448). *Microsoft Tech Community*. [Self-published](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:SPS).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-24)** ["Hyper-V Server"](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/lifecycle/products/?products=windows&terms=Hyper-V%20Server). *Search Product and Services Lifecycle Information*. [Microsoft](/source/Microsoft). Retrieved September 2, 2021.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-25)** ["Windows Small Business Server 2008 Technical FAQ"](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/previous-versions/windows/it-pro/windows-server-essentials-sbs/cc514417(v=msdn.10)). *Windows Server Essentials documentations*. Microsoft. December 14, 2010 – via Microsoft Docs.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-26)** Thurrott, Paul (September 3, 2011). ["Windows Small Business Server 2011 Essentials"](https://web.archive.org/web/20110927055035/http://www.winsupersite.com/article/windows-server/windows-small-business-server-2011-essentials-140451). *Supersite for Windows*. [Penton Media](/source/Penton_Media). Archived from [the original](https://www.winsupersite.com/article/windows-server/windows-small-business-server-2011-essentials-140451) on September 27, 2011. Retrieved September 26, 2011.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-27)** ["Windows Essential Business Server"](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/previous-versions/tn-archive/cc540094(v=ws.10)?). *TechNet Archive*. Microsoft. February 7, 2012 – via Microsoft Docs.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-28)** ["Deploy the Azure Stack HCI operating system"](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure-stack/hci/deploy/operating-system). *Azure Docs*. [Microsoft](/source/Microsoft). October 22, 2021.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-:0_29-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-:0_29-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-:0_29-2) [***d***](#cite_ref-:0_29-3) ["Windows Server servicing channels"](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/get-started/servicing-channels-comparison). *Windows Server Library*. [Microsoft](/source/Microsoft). July 5, 2022. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20220713163859/https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/get-started/servicing-channels-comparison) from the original on July 13, 2022.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-30)** ["Microsoft to retire semi-annual Windows Server updates, will move entirely to LTSC releases"](https://www.neowin.net/news/microsoft-to-retire-semi-annual-windows-server-updates-will-move-entirely-to-ltsc-releases). *[Neowin](/source/Neowin)*. July 28, 2021.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-31)** ["Windows Server"](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/lifecycle/products/windows-server). *Windows Server Semi-Annual Channel*. [Microsoft](/source/Microsoft). Retrieved February 19, 2022.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-32)** ["Windows message center: Windows Server, version 20H2 has reached end of servicing"](https://web.archive.org/web/20220810205455/https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/release-health/windows-message-center#321). August 9, 2022. Archived from [the original](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/release-health/windows-message-center#321) on August 10, 2022.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-33)** ["Windows Server release information"](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/release-health/windows-server-release-info). *docs.[microsoft](/source/Microsoft).com*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20220809222910/https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/release-health/windows-server-release-info) from the original on August 9, 2022. Retrieved August 10, 2022.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-34)** ["Windows 10, version 20H2 and Windows Server, version 20H2"](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/release-health/status-windows-10-20h2). *docs.[microsoft](/source/Microsoft).com*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20220809234814/https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/release-health/status-windows-10-20h2) from the original on August 9, 2022. Retrieved August 10, 2022.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-35)** Popa, Bogdan. ["Microsoft Retires Windows Server Version 20H2"](https://news.softpedia.com/news/microsoft-retires-windows-server-version-20h2-535913.shtml). *news.[softpedia](/source/Softpedia).com*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20220810203442/https://news.softpedia.com/news/microsoft-retires-windows-server-version-20h2-535913.shtml) from the original on August 10, 2022. Retrieved August 10, 2022.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-36)** ["Windows Server"](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/lifecycle/products/windows-server-annual-channel). *Windows Server Annual Channel*. [Microsoft](/source/Microsoft). Retrieved January 9, 2024.

## External links

Wikiversity has learning resources about ***[Windows Server](https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Windows_Server)***

- [Official website](https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server)

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Windows Server](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Server) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Server?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.