# Wim Eijk

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Dutch Catholic prelate (born 1953)

Willem Jacobus Eijk Cardinal, Archbishop of Utrecht Primate of the Netherlands Cardinal Eijk in 2020 Church Catholic Archdiocese Utrecht Appointed 11 December 2007 Installed 26 January 2008 Predecessor Adrianus Johannes Simonis Other posts President of the Bishops' Conference of the Netherlands Cardinal-Priest of San Callisto (2012‍–‍present) Previous post Bishop of Groningen-Leeuwarden (1999‍–‍2007) Orders Ordination 1 June 1985 by Joannes Baptist Matthijs Gijsen Consecration 6 November 1999 by Adrianus Johannes Simonis Created cardinal 18 February 2012 by Benedict XVI Rank Cardinal-Priest Personal details Born Willem Jacobus Eijk (1953-06-22) 22 June 1953 (age 73) Duivendrecht, Netherlands Education University of Amsterdam (Medicine) Rolduc (Seminary) Leiden University (MD, Medicine) Pontifical University of St. Thomas Aquinas (PhD, Philosophy) Pontifical Lateran University (Licentiate, Theology) Motto Noli Recusare Laborem (Latin for 'Do Not Reject the Work')

Styles of Wim Eijk Reference style His Eminence Spoken style Your Eminence Religious style Cardinal Informal style Cardinal

Ordination history of Wim Eijk History Diaconal ordination Ordained by Joannes Baptist Matthijs Gijsen Date 1984 Place Kerkrade, Netherlands Priestly ordination Ordained by Joannes Baptist Matthijs Gijsen Date 1985 Place Roermond, Netherlands Episcopal consecration Principal consecrator Adrianus Johannes Simonis Co-consecrators Franciscus Jozef Maria Wiertz [nl], Sergio Lasam Utleg Date 6 November 1999 Episcopal succession Bishops consecrated by Wim Eijk as principal consecrator Herman Woorts [nl] 2010 Ted Hoogenboom [nl] 2010 Ronald Cornelissen 2025 Source(s):[1]

**Willem Jacobus "Wim" Eijk** (born 22 June 1953) is a Dutch [prelate](/source/Prelate) of the [Catholic Church](/source/Catholic_Church), a [cardinal](/source/Cardinal_(Catholic_Church)) since 2012. He has been the [Metropolitan Archbishop of Utrecht](/source/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Utrecht) since 2007. He was [Bishop of Groningen-Leeuwarden](/source/Diocese_of_Groningen-Leeuwarden) from 1999 to 2007. Before his clerical career, he worked as a medical doctor; as a priest, he made medical ethics the focus of his academic studies. He has done his doctoral studies in [medicine](/source/Medicine) and [philosophy](/source/Philosophy), and also holds a [licentiate](/source/Licentiate_(pontifical_degree)) in [theology](/source/Licentiate_of_Sacred_Theology).[2]

## Early life and studies

Willem Jacobus Eijk was born on 22 June 1953 in [Duivendrecht](/source/Duivendrecht), [North Holland](/source/North_Holland), Netherlands and was raised by a [Protestant](/source/Protestant) father and a [Catholic](/source/Catholic) mother.[3]

Eijk studied medicine at the [University of Amsterdam](/source/University_of_Amsterdam) and received his degree in 1978. In 1978 and 1979 he worked as a doctor specializing in internal medicine.[4] He studied for the priesthood at the seminary of [Rolduc](/source/Rolduc) in [Kerkrade](/source/Kerkrade).[5] Beginning in 1979 he combined his theological formation with the study of [medical ethics](/source/Medical_ethics) at [Leiden University](/source/Leiden_University). He was [ordained](/source/Holy_orders) to the priesthood in 1985 and was incardinated in the [Diocese of Roermond](/source/Diocese_of_Roermond). Then he went to work as a curate in the parish of [St. Anthony of Padua](/source/St._Anthony_of_Padua) in [Venlo Blerick](/source/Blerick).[5]

In 1987, he earned a doctorate in medicine from the [University of Leiden](/source/University_of_Leiden),[5] with a dissertation about [euthanasia](/source/Euthanasia).[6] In 1990 he completed a PhD in philosophy at the [Pontifical University of St. Thomas Aquinas](/source/Pontifical_University_of_St._Thomas_Aquinas) (*Angelicum*)[5] with a dissertation entitled *The ethical problems of genetic engineering of human beings*.[*[citation needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed)*] Eijk also earned a [licentiate in moral theology](/source/Licentiate_(Pontifical_Degree)) at the [Pontifical Lateran University](/source/Pontifical_Lateran_University) in Rome.[5] At the same time he taught moral theology at the seminary of Rolduc. From 1996, Eijk was professor of moral theology in the Pontifical Faculty of Theology in [Lugano](/source/Lugano), Switzerland. From 1997 to 1999 he was a member of the [International Theological Commission](/source/International_Theological_Commission).[5]

## Bishop and Archbishop

Archbishop Wim Eijk of Utrecht during the Willibrord Procession, 14 September 2008

Eijk was appointed Bishop of Groningen-Leeuwarden on 17 July 1999 and consecrated a bishop on 6 November.[3] He chose the motto *Noli recusare laborem* ("Do not reject the work"), taken from the last words of [Martin of Tours](/source/Martin_of_Tours).[4] As bishop, he restricted the role of the laity in church services in comparison with past practice.[6] In 2001 Wim Eijk suffered from a [subdural hematoma](/source/Subdural_hematoma) from which he fully recovered.[4]

Pope John Paul II named him a member of the [Pontifical Academy for Life](/source/Pontifical_Academy_for_Life) on 4 August 2004[3] and a member of its governing council on 23 March 2005.[7]

On 11 December 2007 [Pope Benedict XVI](/source/Pope_Benedict_XVI) appointed Eijk the [Metropolitan Archbishop of Utrecht](/source/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Utrecht) [5] On 26 January 2008 he was installed in [St. Catharine's Cathedral](/source/St._Catherine's_Cathedral%2C_Utrecht) in [Utrecht](/source/Utrecht_(city)). He is the 70th successor of Saint [Willibrord](/source/Willibrord) (658–739) as head of that see.[*[citation needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed)*]

In May 2008, Pope Benedict appointed Eijk a member of the [Congregation for the Clergy](/source/Congregation_for_the_Clergy).[8]

He co-edited the *Manual of Catholic Medical Ethics: Responsible Healthcare from a Catholic Perspective*, published in 2010.[4][9]

He was elected president of the [Episcopal Conference of the Netherlands](/source/Episcopal_Conference_of_the_Netherlands) in 2011.[10]

On 18 February 2012, [Pope Benedict XVI](/source/Pope_Benedict_XVI) made Eijk a cardinal along with 21 others.[11] He was created [Cardinal-Priest](/source/Cardinal-Priest) of [San Callisto](/source/San_Callisto).[12] On 21 April he was named a member of the [Congregation for Catholic Education](/source/Congregation_for_Catholic_Education).[13] He was one of the [cardinal electors](/source/Cardinal_electors_in_Papal_conclave%2C_2013) who participated in the [2013 papal conclave](/source/Papal_conclave%2C_2013) that elected [Pope Francis](/source/Pope_Francis).[14]

Pope Francis named him a member of the [Pontifical Council for the Laity](/source/Pontifical_Council_for_the_Laity) on 6 February 2014.[15]

In late 2013, Pope Francis agreed to a one-day visit to Amsterdam, a city omitted from Pope John Paul's visit to the Netherlands in 1985, but allegedly Eijk blocked the formal invitation, afraid that there would not be enough enthusiastic Dutch followers to give the Pope a worthy welcome.[16]

As Archbishop of Utrecht, he has recommended a restructuring of the diocese's 326 parishes into 48 territories, following a pattern throughout Europe in the face of shrinking church attendance. He has insisted of that plan despite some popular resistance. He said: "When I spoke to the pope, I warned that old church structures wouldn't exist by the time I retired – and that by 2025 two-thirds of our churches would have been withdrawn from divine worship.[17]

He participated as a [cardinal elector](/source/Cardinal_electors_in_the_2025_papal_conclave) in the [2025 papal conclave](/source/2025_papal_conclave) that elected [Pope Leo XIV](/source/Pope_Leo_XIV).[18]

### Positions

In June 2015, Eijk ordered the removal of Rhianna Gralike, the [transgender](/source/Transgender) treasurer of the Norbertus Parish for eastern [Flevoland](/source/Flevoland) and Northern [Veluwe](/source/Veluwe), over the objections of the parish board.[19][20]

In 2015 Eijk was elected to represent the Episcopal Conference of the Netherlands at the Synod of Bishops on the Family in October.[21] In advance of the Synod he published an essay stating that couples entering into a civil remarriage without having received annulments of earlier marriages represent "a form of structured and institutionalized adultery."[22] Following the synod, he became a critic of Pope Francis' *[Amoris laetitia](/source/Amoris_laetitia)*. In 2018, he said the document had "caused doubt to be sown" and said Francis should state more clearly that marriage is "one and unbreakable" and that a Catholic who remarries after divorce must be denied Communion.[23]

In May 2018, after Pope Francis failed to reject a draft proposal on the part of the [German Bishops' Conference](/source/Episcopal_Conference_of_Germany) to allow [Protestants](/source/Protestant) to receive the [Eucharist](/source/Eucharist) in Catholic churches in certain cases, Eijk wrote that Francis was failing to defend "the clear doctrine and practice of the Church" and that this represented "a drift towards apostasy from the Truth".[24]

An article in the weekly De Groene Amsterdammer of 22 September 1999, included the catholic historian and journalist [Ton van Schaik](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ton_van_Schaik&action=edit&redlink=1) who criticized the cardinal for his relations with the extremely conservative Spanish lay movement [Opus Dei](/source/Opus_Dei) and because the cardinal was not dismissive of the [death penalty](/source/Death_penalty). Van Schaik considered that, contrary to Catholic doctrine.[25]

In 2022, Eijk published a book *De band van de liefde: Katholieke huwelijksmoraal en seksuele ethiek* (The Bond of Love: Catholic Marital Morality and Sexual Ethics), a work presenting the Catholic view that sexual activity within marriage has two inseparable purposes: the procreation of children and the unitive love between spouses ("mutual self-giving of man and woman"); and that outside of marriage or these purposes, chastity is required. The book also discusses various sexual acts in light of Catholic moral teaching.[26][27] Critics say that Eijk's book shows he is more orthodox than the Catholic Church.[28]

In November 2022, he asked [Pope Francis](/source/Pope_Francis) to write an encyclical on the issue of [gender theory](/source/Gender_theory).[29] His request was partially satisfied by the Declaration *[Dignitas Infinita](/source/Dignitas_Infinita)* of the [Dicastery for the Doctrine of the Faith](/source/Dicastery_for_the_Doctrine_of_the_Faith).[30]

## References

1. **[^](#cite_ref-1)** ["Willem Jacobus Cardinal Eijk"](https://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/beijk.html). *[Catholic-Hierarchy.org](/source/Catholic-Hierarchy.org)*. David M. Cheney. 11 October 2025.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-2)** ["Rinunce e Nomine, 11.12.2007"](https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/it/bollettino/pubblico/2007/12/11/0660/01774.html) [Resignations and Appointments, 11.12.2007] (Press release) (in Italian). [Holy See Press Office](/source/Holy_See_Press_Office). 11 December 2007. B0660. Retrieved 21 April 2025.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-pr20040804_3-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-pr20040804_3-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-pr20040804_3-2) ["Rinunce e Nomine, 04.08.2004"](http://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/it/bollettino/pubblico/2004/08/04/0384/01232.html) (Press release) (in Italian). Holy See Press Office. 4 August 2007. Retrieved 7 May 2018.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-interview_4-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-interview_4-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-interview_4-2) [***d***](#cite_ref-interview_4-3) De Groot-Testoni, Paola (14 February 2012). ["Cardinal-designate Eijk: Doctor, Defender of Life"](https://zenit.org/articles/cardinal-designate-eijk-doctor-defender-of-life/). *Zenit*. Retrieved 7 May 2018.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-pr20071211_5-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-pr20071211_5-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-pr20071211_5-2) [***d***](#cite_ref-pr20071211_5-3) [***e***](#cite_ref-pr20071211_5-4) [***f***](#cite_ref-pr20071211_5-5) [***g***](#cite_ref-pr20071211_5-6) ["Rinunce e Nomine, 11.12.2007"](http://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/it/bollettino/pubblico/2007/12/11/0660/01774.html) (Press release) (in Italian). Holy See Press Office. 11 December 2007. Retrieved 7 May 2018.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-rtv_6-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-rtv_6-1) ["Opvolger Simonis bekend: Wie is bisschop Eijk?"](https://www.rtvutrecht.nl/nieuws/173187) (in Dutch). RTV Utrecht. 11 December 2007. Retrieved 7 May 2018.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-7)** ["Rinunce e Nomine, 23.03.2005"](http://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/it/bollettino/pubblico/2005/03/23/0158/00340.html) (Press release) (in Italian). Holy See Press Office. 23 March 2005. Retrieved 7 May 2018.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-8)** ["Rinunce e Nomine, 06.05.2008"](http://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/it/bollettino/pubblico/2008/05/06/0297/00685.html) (Press release) (in Italian). Holy See Press Office. 6 May 2008. Retrieved 7 May 2018.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-9)** *Manual of Catholic Medical Ethics: Responsible Healthcare from a Catholic Perspective*, ed. W.J. Eijk, L.M. Hendriks, J.A. Raymakers, and John I. Fleming (English Edition). Translated by Sr. M. Regina van den Berg, J. A. Raymakers (Ballarat: Connor Court Publishing, 2014), 629 pp. + Appendixes.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-10)** ["Eijk Card. Willem Jacobus"](https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_eijk_wj.html). [Holy See Press Office](/source/Holy_See_Press_Office). [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20171015095221/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_eijk_wj.html) from the original on 15 October 2017. Retrieved 6 December 2017.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-11)** ["List of new cardinals named by Pope Benedict"](https://web.archive.org/web/20160305082202/http://in.reuters.com/article/pope-cardinals-list-idINDEE8050CK20120106). *[Reuters](/source/Reuters)*. 6 January 2012. Archived from [the original](http://in.reuters.com/article/pope-cardinals-list-idINDEE8050CK20120106) on 5 March 2016. Retrieved 1 February 2012.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-12)** ["Churches Assigned to New Cardinals"](https://zenit.org/articles/churches-assigned-to-new-cardinals/). *Zenit*. 20 February 2012. Retrieved 7 May 2018.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-13)** ["Rinunce e Nomine, 21.04.2012"](http://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/it/bollettino/pubblico/2012/04/21/0225/00521.html) (Press release) (in Italian). Holy See Press Office. 21 April 2012. Retrieved 7 May 2018.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-14)** ["List of Cardinal Electors"](https://zenit.org/articles/list-of-cardinal-electors/). *Zenit*. 12 March 2013. Retrieved 7 May 2018.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-15)** ["Rinunce e Nomine, 06.02.2014"](http://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/it/bollettino/pubblico/2014/02/06/0088/00186.html) (Press release) (in Italian). Holy See Press Office. 6 February 2014. Retrieved 7 May 2018.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-16)** Hakkenes, Emiel (1 February 2014). ["Kardinaal Eijk blokkeert bezoek paus Franciscus"](https://www.trouw.nl/home/kardinaal-eijk-blokkeert-bezoek-paus-franciscus~a9e61ce7/) [Cardinal blocks Pope Francis visit]. *Trouw*. Retrieved 29 April 2025.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-17)** Luxmoore, Jonathan (15 November 2017). ["Europe's church creatively rethinks as numbers plummet"](https://www.ncronline.org/news/world/europes-church-creatively-rethinks-numbers-plummet). *National Catholic Reporter*. Retrieved 7 May 2018.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-18)** ["Cardinal Electors"](https://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/scardc3.html). *[Catholic-Hierarchy.org](/source/Catholic-Hierarchy.org)*. David M. Cheney. 30 March 2026. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20250506193115/https://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/scardc3.html) from the original on 6 May 2025. Retrieved 5 April 2026.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-19)** ["Kardinaal Eijk wil af van transseksuele boekhouder"](https://www.gelderlander.nl/binnenland/kardinaal-eijk-wil-af-van-transseksuele-boekhouder~ae18dd73/). *de Gelderlander* (in Dutch). 6 July 2015. Retrieved 7 May 2018.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-20)** ["Uit kerk verbannen transgender gaat niet in op uitnodiging kardinaal"](https://www.gelderlander.nl/oost-gelre/uit-kerk-verbannen-transgender-gaat-niet-in-op-uitnodiging-kardinaal~a28cc9ed/). *de Gelderlander* (in Dutch). 29 June 2015. Retrieved 7 May 2018.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-21)** ["XIV Assemblea Generale Ordinaria del Sinodo dei Vescovi (4-25 ottobre 2015) – Elenco dei Partecipanti, 15.09.2015"](http://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/it/bollettino/pubblico/2015/09/15/0676/01469.html) (Press release) (in Italian). Holy See Press Office. 5 October 2015. Retrieved 7 May 2018.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-22)** McElwee, Joshua J.; Coday, Dennis (2 October 2015). ["Synod to be culmination of two years' preparation, consultation"](https://www.ncronline.org/news/vatican/synod-be-culmination-two-years-preparation-consultation). *National Catholic Reporter*. Retrieved 7 May 2018.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-23)** San Martín, Inés (1 February 2018). ["Once again, bishops around the world differ on 'Amoris'"](https://web.archive.org/web/20180508054424/https://cruxnow.com/global-church/2018/02/01/bishops-around-world-differ-amoris/). *Crux*. Archived from [the original](https://cruxnow.com/global-church/2018/02/01/bishops-around-world-differ-amoris/) on 8 May 2018. Retrieved 7 May 2018.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-24)** Eijk, Willem Jacobus (7 May 2018). ["Cardinal Eijk: Pope Francis Needed to Give Clarity on Intercommunion"](http://www.ncregister.com/blog/edward-pentin/cardinal-eijk-pope-needed-to-give-clarity-to-german-bishops-on-intercommuni). *National Catholic Register*. Retrieved 8 May 2018.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-25)** Boom, Joeri (22 September 1999). ["Superkatholiek"](https://www.groene.nl/artikel/superkatholiek%5d) [Super Catholic]. *[De Groene Amsterdammer](/source/De_Groene_Amsterdammer)* (in Dutch).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-26)** ["Dutch cardinal: "Chastity is not ridiculous""](https://cne.news/article/1916-dutch-cardinal-chastity-is-not-ridiculous). *CNE News*. Retrieved 30 April 2025.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-27)** ["The Bond of Love"](https://collegeofcardinalsreport.com/cardinals/willem-jacobus-eijk/#:~:text=The%20Bond%20Of%20Love). *College of Cardinals Report*. Retrieved 30 April 2025.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-28)** Huttinga, Wolter (2 November 2022). ["Een kil klinisch boek van kardinaal Eijk over seksualiteit en dan het woord liefde in de titel opnemen"](https://www.trouw.nl/recensies/een-kil-klinisch-boek-van-kardinaal-eijk-over-seksualiteit-en-dan-het-woord-liefde-in-de-titel-opnemen~bb4e092b/) [A cold clinical book by cardinal Eijk about sexuality and then include the word love in the title]. *www.trouw.nl* (in Dutch). Retrieved 29 April 2025.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-29)** ["Dutch cardinal asks pope for gender encyclical on gender theory"](https://cruxnow.com/vatican/2022/11/dutch-cardinal-asks-pope-for-gender-encyclical-on-gender-theory/). *[Crux](/source/Crux_(online_newspaper))*. 15 November 2022.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-30)** Liedl, Jonathan (9 April 2024). ["Vatican's 'Dignitas Infinita' Draws 'Clear Line' on Gender Theory, Receives Widespread Praise"](https://www.ncregister.com/news/dignitas-infinita-human-dignity). *[National Catholic Register](/source/National_Catholic_Register)*.

## External links

Wikiquote has quotations related to ***[Wim Eijk](https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Wim_Eijk)***.

Wikimedia Commons has media related to [Wim Eijk](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Wim_Eijk).

- ["Eijk Card. Willem Jacobus"](https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_eijk_wj.html). [Holy See Press Office](/source/Holy_See_Press_Office). [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20171015095221/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_eijk_wj.html) from the original on 15 October 2017. Retrieved 6 December 2017.

- ["Willem Jacobus kardinaal Eijk"](https://www.aartsbisdom.nl/home/organisatie/aartsbisschop/). *Aartsbisdom Utrecht* (in Dutch).

Catholic Church titles Preceded by Bernard Möller [nl] Bishop of Groningen-Leeuwarden 17 July 1999 – 11 December 2007 Succeeded by Gerard de Korte Preceded by Adrianus Johannes Simonis Archbishop of Utrecht 11 December 2007 – present Incumbent Preceded by Corrado Ursi Cardinal-Priest of San Callisto 18 February 2012 – present

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Wim Eijk](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wim_Eijk) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wim_Eijk?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.