# Williams Cone

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Cinder cone in British Columbia, Canada

Williams Cone Mount Edziza with Williams Cone below Highest point Elevation 2,100 m (6,900 ft)[1] Coordinates 57°46′49″N 130°35′59″W / 57.78028°N 130.59972°W / 57.78028; -130.59972[2] Naming Etymology Hank Williams[2] Defining authority BC Geographical Names office in Victoria, British Columbia[2][3] Geography Williams Cone Location in British Columbia Location in Mount Edziza Provincial Park Country Canada[4] Province British Columbia[4] District Cassiar Land District[2] Protected area Mount Edziza Provincial Park[2] Parent range Tahltan Highland[4] Topo map NTS 104G15 Buckley Lake[2] Geology Formed by Volcanism[5] Mountain type Cinder cone[6] Rock type Hawaiite[7] Volcanic field Desolation Lava Field[7] Last eruption 630 CE ± 150 years[8]

**Williams Cone** is a [cinder cone](/source/Cinder_cone) on the northeastern flank of [Mount Edziza](/source/Mount_Edziza) in [Cassiar Land District](/source/Cassiar_Land_District) of northwestern [British Columbia](/source/British_Columbia), Canada. It has an [elevation](/source/Elevation) of 2,100 metres (6,900 feet) and is one of several [volcanic cones](/source/Volcanic_cone) in the [Desolation Lava Field](/source/Desolation_Lava_Field) at the northern end of the [Big Raven Plateau](/source/Big_Raven_Plateau). Situated southeast of the community of [Telegraph Creek](/source/Telegraph_Creek), it lies in [Mount Edziza Provincial Park](/source/Mount_Edziza_Provincial_Park), one of the largest [provincial parks in British Columbia](/source/Provincial_parks_in_British_Columbia). A roughly 13-kilometre-long (8.1-mile) [lava flow](/source/Lava_flow) travelled down the northern side of the Big Raven Plateau from Williams Cone around 630 [CE](/source/Common_Era) and temporarily [dammed](/source/Lava_dam) the [Klastline River](/source/Klastline_River). [Ejecta](/source/Ejecta) from an [eruption column](/source/Eruption_column) was blown eastward by a strong westerly wind, some of which deposited on the eastern flank of the cone.

Williams Cone is part of the [Mount Edziza volcanic complex](/source/Mount_Edziza_volcanic_complex), which consists of diverse landforms such as [shield volcanoes](/source/Shield_volcano), [stratovolcanoes](/source/Stratovolcano), [lava domes](/source/Lava_dome) and cinder cones. A large, steep-sided feature on the western side of Williams Cone resembles an [amphitheatre](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/amphitheatre) and contains a smaller, nested cinder cone. [Tsecha Creek](/source/Tsecha_Creek) originates adjacent to Williams Cone and is part of the [Stikine River watershed](/source/Stikine_River_watershed). Surrounding Williams Cone are a number of other volcanic features. Among them are the [Eve](/source/Eve_Cone), [Moraine](/source/Moraine_Cone), [Sidas](/source/Sidas_Cone), [Sleet](/source/Sleet_Cone), [Storm](/source/Storm_Cone), [Twin](/source/Twin_Cone) and [Triplex](/source/Triplex_Cones) cones, all of which are also part of the Desolation Lava Field. Access is via [horse trails](/source/Horse_trail) from Telegraph Creek and [Iskut](/source/Iskut), although landing on [Buckley Lake](/source/Buckley_Lake_(British_Columbia)) with float-equipped aircraft is also promoted to reach Williams Cone.

## Name and etymology

The name of the [cinder cone](/source/Cinder_cone) became official on January 2, 1980.[6][9] It was adopted on the [National Topographic System](/source/National_Topographic_System) map 104G/15 after being submitted to the [BC Geographical Names](/source/BC_Geographical_Names) office by the [Geological Survey of Canada](/source/Geological_Survey_of_Canada).[2] In his 1992 report *The Late Cenozoic Mount Edziza Volcanic Complex, British Columbia*, [Jack Souther](/source/Jack_Souther) gave Williams Cone the [numeronym](/source/Numeronym) *DLF-10*.[10] *DLF* is an acronym for the [Desolation Lava Field](/source/Desolation_Lava_Field) whereas *10* refers to Williams Cone being the tenth youngest eruptive centre in the Desolation Lava Field.[11]

Williams Cone is named after a man named Hank Williams who was killed in an [avalanche](/source/Avalanche) near the cone along with [Johnny Edzerza](/source/Johnny_Edzerza) in or before 1974.[2][12] The avalanche occurred during a vicious snowstorm that had blown in from the north as Hank Williams, Johnny Edzerza and his wife [Eve Edzerza](/source/Eve_Edzerza) were dog sledding to [Iskut](/source/Iskut) from [Telegraph Creek](/source/Telegraph_Creek) 72 km (45 mi) to the west. Eve Edzerza was the only survivor and directed a rescue team to the site of the accident.[13] Hank Williams and the Edzerzas were [Tahltans](/source/Tahltan), the local [First Nations](/source/First_Nations_in_British_Columbia) people whose traditional territory covers an area of more than 93,500 km2 (36,100 mi2).[13][14]

## Geography

Williams Cone is located in [Cassiar Land District](/source/Cassiar_Land_District) of northwestern [British Columbia](/source/British_Columbia), Canada, about 20 km (12 mi) southeast of [Buckley Lake](/source/Buckley_Lake_(British_Columbia)) on the northeastern flank of [Mount Edziza](/source/Mount_Edziza).[2][4][15] It has an [elevation](/source/Elevation) of 2,100 m (6,900 ft) and is one of several [volcanic cones](/source/Volcanic_cone) in the Desolation Lava Field.[1][10] This more than 150 km2 (58 mi2) [lava field](/source/Lava_field) is one of the largest areas of [Holocene](/source/Holocene) lava flows of the [Mount Edziza volcanic complex](/source/Mount_Edziza_volcanic_complex) (MEVC).[7][16] The MEVC consists of a group of overlapping [shield volcanoes](/source/Shield_volcano), [stratovolcanoes](/source/Stratovolcano), [lava domes](/source/Lava_dome) and cinder cones that have formed over the last 7.5 million years.[17]

Williams Cone rises more than 275 m (902 ft) above the surrounding [terrain](/source/Terrain).[18] It has a basal width of 1.2 km (0.75 mi), making it the largest cinder cone in the Desolation Lava Field.[6][18] A large, steep-sided feature on its western side resembles an [amphitheatre](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/amphitheatre) and contains a smaller cinder cone.[18] Adjacent to Williams Cone is the [head](/source/River_source) of [Tsecha Creek](/source/Tsecha_Creek), which is covered with loose [ejecta](/source/Ejecta) from the cone.[4][19] Tsecha Creek is a [tributary](/source/Tributary) of [Kakiddi Creek](/source/Kakiddi_Creek).[20] This north-flowing stream enters the [Klastline River](/source/Klastline_River), which flows into the [Stikine River](/source/Stikine_River).[21][22] Williams Cone is therefore within the Stikine River [watershed](/source/Drainage_basin) along with the rest of the MEVC.[23]

Apart from Mount Edziza itself, which is a 2,786 m (9,140 ft) high stratovolcano, Williams Cone is surrounded by a number of other volcanic features.[1] Extending about 6 km (3.7 mi) to the northwest is a linear group of four volcanic cones. [Eve Cone](/source/Eve_Cone) lies at the northwesternmost end of this line whereas the three [Triplex Cones](/source/Triplex_Cones) are between the Eve and Williams cones.[7] The [Sleet](/source/Sleet_Cone), [Storm](/source/Storm_Cone) and [Moraine](/source/Moraine_Cone) cones are about 3 km (1.9 mi) east, southwest and south-southwest of Williams Cone, respectively. About 5 km (3.1 mi) to the northeast is [Twin Cone](/source/Twin_Cone) whereas [Sidas Cone](/source/Sidas_Cone) is about 9 km (5.6 mi) north of Williams Cone.[7][10] About 3 km (1.9 mi) southeast of Williams Cone is [The Pyramid](/source/The_Pyramid_(British_Columbia)) on the northeastern flank of Mount Edziza.[7][24] All of these features are part of the Desolation Lava Field at the northern end of the [Big Raven Plateau](/source/Big_Raven_Plateau) with the exception of The Pyramid, which is separated from its surroundings by a thick apron of active [talus](/source/Scree).[7][10]

Williams Cone lies in [Mount Edziza Provincial Park](/source/Mount_Edziza_Provincial_Park) southeast of the community of Telegraph Creek.[2] With an area of 266,180 hectares (657,700 acres), it is one of the largest [provincial parks in British Columbia](/source/Provincial_parks_in_British_Columbia).[25][26] Mount Edziza Provincial Park was established in 1972 to preserve the volcanic landscape.[25] It includes not only the Mount Edziza area but also the [Spectrum Range](/source/Spectrum_Range) to the south, both of which are separated by [Raspberry Pass](/source/Raspberry_Pass).[4][25] Mount Edziza Provincial Park is in the [Tahltan Highland](/source/Tahltan_Highland), a southeast-trending [upland](/source/Upland_and_lowland) area extending along the western side of the [Stikine Plateau](/source/Stikine_Plateau).[4][27]

## Geology

### Background

As a part of the MEVC, Williams Cone lies within a broad area of volcanoes called the [Northern Cordilleran Volcanic Province](/source/Northern_Cordilleran_Volcanic_Province), which extends from northwestern British Columbia northwards through [Yukon](/source/Yukon) into easternmost [Alaska](/source/Alaska).[7][28] The dominant rocks comprising these volcanoes are [alkali basalts](/source/Alkali_basalt) and [hawaiites](/source/Hawaiite), but [nephelinite](/source/Nephelinite), [basanite](/source/Basanite) and [peralkaline](/source/Peralkaline_rock)[a] [phonolite](/source/Phonolite), [trachyte](/source/Trachyte) and [comendite](/source/Comendite) are locally abundant. These rocks were deposited by volcanic eruptions from 20 million years ago to as recently as a few hundred years ago. Volcanism in the Northern Cordilleran Volcanic Province is thought to be due to [rifting](/source/Rift) of the [North American Cordillera](/source/North_American_Cordillera), driven by changes in relative [plate motion](/source/Plate_tectonics) between the [North American](/source/North_American_Plate) and [Pacific](/source/Pacific_Plate) plates.[30]

### Formation

Williams Cone lava flow from the northeast

Williams Cone was formed by a volcanic eruption that involved the build up of [lava bombs](/source/Lava_bombs) and [spatter](/source/Volcanic_spatter) around several vents.[18] An [eruption column](/source/Eruption_column) was blown eastward by a strong westerly wind, which resulted in the deposition of [cinders](/source/Scoria) and [ash](/source/Volcanic_ash) on the eastern flank of the cone.[5] The ejecta from this eruption column extends 9.5 km (5.9 mi) east across the Big Raven Plateau to the valley of Kakiddi Creek. In Kakiddi Valley, the ejecta is in the form of 1-to-3-millimetre-wide (0.039-to-0.118-inch) particles.[7][31] It increases in both grain size and thickness towards Williams Cone where 5–20 mm (0.20–0.79 in) wide cinders form [beds](/source/Bed_(geology)) up to 4.5 m (15 ft) thick. Small streams northeast of Williams Cone have exposed [former soil](/source/Paleosol) underlying ejecta from the volcano.[32]

The formation of Williams Cone was followed by collapse of its western flank near the end of the eruption to form the steep-sided amphitheatre. Some of the debris from this collapse accumulated in mounds west of the amphitheatre, but most of it was rafted away by lava.[33] The lava issued from the breached central [crater](/source/Volcanic_crater) of Williams Cone, as well as from vents around the base of the cone. Streams of lava from these vents merged to form an approximately 1.5 km (0.93 mi) wide and 13 km (8.1 mi) long compound flow.[32] This lava flow is one of the largest in the Desolation Lava Field.[5] It travelled northeast down the northern side of the Big Raven Plateau into the Klastline Valley where it formed a temporary [lava dam](/source/Lava_dam).[5][7]

Williams Cone and its eruptive products consist mainly of hawaiite.[7] They are part of the [Big Raven Formation](/source/Big_Raven_Formation) and are the most recent additions to the Desolation Lava Field.[7][18] [Radiocarbon dating](/source/Radiocarbon_dating) of charred alpine [willow](/source/Willow) twigs preserved in ejecta suggests that the Williams Cone eruption occurred sometime around 630 [CE](/source/Common_Era).[8][32] The cone is the youngest in the Desolation Lava Field, but it may not be the youngest feature of the entire MEVC; [The Ash Pit](/source/The_Ash_Pit) on the southern side of the [Kitsu Plateau](/source/Kitsu_Plateau) may be younger.[7][34] The eruption that formed Williams Cone was also followed by at least two younger eruptions of the MEVC that remain undated.[35] Future eruptions from the cone are unlikely because it is a [monogenetic volcano](/source/Monogenetic_volcanic_field); such volcanoes experience only a single eruptive phase and are short-lived.[36][37][38] Monogenetic volcanoes can remain active from days to years but are fed by a relatively small amount of [magma](/source/Magma).[39]

### Basement

Williams Cone overlies the [Edziza](/source/Edziza_Formation), [Ice Peak](/source/Ice_Peak_Formation), [Nido](/source/Nido_Formation) and [Raspberry](/source/Raspberry_Formation) formations, all of which are older [geological formations](/source/Geological_formation) of the MEVC. The Edziza Formation is the youngest; it consists mainly of [Pleistocene](/source/Pleistocene) trachyte that is in the form of [pyroclastic breccia](/source/Breccia#Volcanic), [lahar](/source/Lahar) and [ash flow](/source/Ash_flow) deposits. Underlying the Edziza Formation is Pleistocene alkali basalt of the Ice Peak Formation, which is in the form of [subaerial](/source/Subaerial) lava flows. This formation is underlain by alkali basalt flows of the [Tenchen Member](/source/Tenchen_Member) of the Nido Formation; they were erupted from multiple volcanoes during the [Pliocene](/source/Pliocene). The oldest MEVC formation underlying the cone is the Raspberry Formation, which consists of [Miocene](/source/Miocene) alkali basalt and minor hawaiite and [mugearite](/source/Mugearite). These volcanic rocks are mainly in the form of lava flows, flow breccias and [agglutinate](/source/Agglutinate_(geology)).[7][40] Underlying the Raspberry Formation are [sedimentary](/source/Sedimentary_rock), volcanic or [metamorphic](/source/Metamorphic_rock) rocks of the [Stikinia terrane](/source/Stikinia_terrane), which are [Paleozoic](/source/Paleozoic) and [Mesozoic](/source/Mesozoic) in age.[7][40][41]

## Accessibility

Williams Cone from the north

Williams Cone is in a remote location with no established road access. The closest roads are the [Stewart–Cassiar Highway](/source/Stewart%E2%80%93Cassiar_Highway) to the east and the Telegraph Creek Road to the northwest; both come within 40 km (25 mi) of the cone.[4][42][43] Extending from these roads are [horse trails](/source/Horse_trail) that provide access to the MEVC.[42] From Telegraph Creek, the Buckley Lake Trail extends about 15 km (9.3 mi) southeast along [Mess Creek](/source/Mess_Creek) and Three Mile Lake. It then traverses about 15 km (9.3 mi) northeast along Dagaichess Creek and Stinking Lake to the northeastern end of Buckley Lake. Here, it meets with the Klastline River Trail and the Buckley Lake to Mowdade Lake Route, the latter of which ascends onto the gently sloping northern side of the plateau.[44]

To the east, the roughly 50 km (31 mi) long Klastline River Trail begins at the community of [Iskut](/source/Iskut) on the Stewart–Cassiar Highway; it extends northwest and west along the Klastline River for much of its length.[43] The trail enters Mount Edziza Provincial Park at about 25 km (16 mi) where Kakiddi Creek drains into the Klastline River.[45] After entering Mount Edziza Provincial Park, it traverses northwest along the Klastline River for about 10 km (6.2 mi) and then crosses the river north of the Big Raven Plateau.[43] From there, it traverses west for about 5 km (3.1 mi) to the northeastern end of Buckley Lake where it meets with the Buckley Lake Trail and the Buckley Lake to Mowdade Lake Route.[44]

The Buckley Lake to Mowdade Lake Route traverses south from Buckley Lake along Buckley Creek and gradually climbs onto the northern end of the Big Raven Plateau where Williams Cone is located.[4][44] Buckley Lake northwest of Williams Cone is large enough to be used by float-equipped aircraft.[4][25] However, landing on this lake with a private aircraft requires a letter of authorization from the [BC Parks](/source/BC_Parks) Stikine Senior Park Ranger. As of 2023, Alpine Lakes Air and BC Yukon Air are the only air charter companies permitted to provide access to this area via aircraft.[25]

## See also

- [Volcanoes portal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Volcanoes)
- [Mountains portal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Mountains)

- [List of Northern Cordilleran volcanoes](/source/List_of_Northern_Cordilleran_volcanoes)

- [List of volcanoes in Canada](/source/List_of_volcanoes_in_Canada)

- [Volcanism of the Mount Edziza volcanic complex](/source/Volcanism_of_the_Mount_Edziza_volcanic_complex)

## Notes

1. **[^](#cite_ref-30)** *Peralkaline rocks* are magmatic rocks that have a higher ratio of sodium and potassium to aluminum.[29]

## References

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGlobal_Volcanism_Program:_EdzizaSynonyms_&_Subfeatures_1-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGlobal_Volcanism_Program:_EdzizaSynonyms_&_Subfeatures_1-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGlobal_Volcanism_Program:_EdzizaSynonyms_&_Subfeatures_1-2) [Global Volcanism Program: Edziza](#CITEREFGlobal_Volcanism_Program:_Edziza), Synonyms & Subfeatures.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBC_Geographical_Names:_Williams_Cone_2-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBC_Geographical_Names:_Williams_Cone_2-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBC_Geographical_Names:_Williams_Cone_2-2) [***d***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBC_Geographical_Names:_Williams_Cone_2-3) [***e***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBC_Geographical_Names:_Williams_Cone_2-4) [***f***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBC_Geographical_Names:_Williams_Cone_2-5) [***g***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBC_Geographical_Names:_Williams_Cone_2-6) [***h***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBC_Geographical_Names:_Williams_Cone_2-7) [***i***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBC_Geographical_Names:_Williams_Cone_2-8) [***j***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBC_Geographical_Names:_Williams_Cone_2-9) [BC Geographical Names: Williams Cone](#CITEREFBC_Geographical_Names:_Williams_Cone).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGovernment_of_Canada:_Geographical_Names_Board_of_Canada_3-0)** [Government of Canada: Geographical Names Board of Canada](#CITEREFGovernment_of_Canada:_Geographical_Names_Board_of_Canada).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDepartment_of_Energy,_Mines_and_Resources1989_4-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDepartment_of_Energy,_Mines_and_Resources1989_4-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDepartment_of_Energy,_Mines_and_Resources1989_4-2) [***d***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDepartment_of_Energy,_Mines_and_Resources1989_4-3) [***e***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDepartment_of_Energy,_Mines_and_Resources1989_4-4) [***f***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDepartment_of_Energy,_Mines_and_Resources1989_4-5) [***g***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDepartment_of_Energy,_Mines_and_Resources1989_4-6) [***h***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDepartment_of_Energy,_Mines_and_Resources1989_4-7) [***i***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDepartment_of_Energy,_Mines_and_Resources1989_4-8) [***j***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDepartment_of_Energy,_Mines_and_Resources1989_4-9) [Department of Energy, Mines and Resources 1989](#CITEREFDepartment_of_Energy,_Mines_and_Resources1989).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESouther199227_5-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESouther199227_5-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESouther199227_5-2) [***d***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESouther199227_5-3) [Souther 1992](#CITEREFSouther1992), p. 27.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENatural_Resources_Canada:_Williams_Cone_6-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENatural_Resources_Canada:_Williams_Cone_6-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENatural_Resources_Canada:_Williams_Cone_6-2) [Natural Resources Canada: Williams Cone](#CITEREFNatural_Resources_Canada:_Williams_Cone).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESouther_1988:_Geology,_Mount_Edziza_Volcanic_Complex,_British_Columbia_7-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESouther_1988:_Geology,_Mount_Edziza_Volcanic_Complex,_British_Columbia_7-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESouther_1988:_Geology,_Mount_Edziza_Volcanic_Complex,_British_Columbia_7-2) [***d***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESouther_1988:_Geology,_Mount_Edziza_Volcanic_Complex,_British_Columbia_7-3) [***e***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESouther_1988:_Geology,_Mount_Edziza_Volcanic_Complex,_British_Columbia_7-4) [***f***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESouther_1988:_Geology,_Mount_Edziza_Volcanic_Complex,_British_Columbia_7-5) [***g***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESouther_1988:_Geology,_Mount_Edziza_Volcanic_Complex,_British_Columbia_7-6) [***h***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESouther_1988:_Geology,_Mount_Edziza_Volcanic_Complex,_British_Columbia_7-7) [***i***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESouther_1988:_Geology,_Mount_Edziza_Volcanic_Complex,_British_Columbia_7-8) [***j***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESouther_1988:_Geology,_Mount_Edziza_Volcanic_Complex,_British_Columbia_7-9) [***k***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESouther_1988:_Geology,_Mount_Edziza_Volcanic_Complex,_British_Columbia_7-10) [***l***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESouther_1988:_Geology,_Mount_Edziza_Volcanic_Complex,_British_Columbia_7-11) [***m***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESouther_1988:_Geology,_Mount_Edziza_Volcanic_Complex,_British_Columbia_7-12) [***n***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESouther_1988:_Geology,_Mount_Edziza_Volcanic_Complex,_British_Columbia_7-13) [***o***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESouther_1988:_Geology,_Mount_Edziza_Volcanic_Complex,_British_Columbia_7-14) [Souther 1988: Geology, Mount Edziza Volcanic Complex, British Columbia](#CITEREFSouther_1988:_Geology,_Mount_Edziza_Volcanic_Complex,_British_Columbia).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGlobal_Volcanism_Program:_EdzizaEruptive_History_8-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGlobal_Volcanism_Program:_EdzizaEruptive_History_8-1) [Global Volcanism Program: Edziza](#CITEREFGlobal_Volcanism_Program:_Edziza), Eruptive History.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGeographical_Names_Data_Base:_Williams_Cone_9-0)** [Geographical Names Data Base: Williams Cone](#CITEREFGeographical_Names_Data_Base:_Williams_Cone).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESouther1992214_10-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESouther1992214_10-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESouther1992214_10-2) [***d***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESouther1992214_10-3) [Souther 1992](#CITEREFSouther1992), p. 214.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESouther1992214,_222_11-0)** [Souther 1992](#CITEREFSouther1992), pp. 214, 222.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBC_Geographical_Names:_Eve_Cone_12-0)** [BC Geographical Names: Eve Cone](#CITEREFBC_Geographical_Names:_Eve_Cone).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESouther2009_13-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESouther2009_13-1) [Souther 2009](#CITEREFSouther2009).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMarkeyHalsethManson2012242_14-0)** [Markey, Halseth & Manson 2012](#CITEREFMarkeyHalsethManson2012), p. 242.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBC_Geographical_Names:_Cassiar_Land_District_15-0)** [BC Geographical Names: Cassiar Land District](#CITEREFBC_Geographical_Names:_Cassiar_Land_District).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESouther1992213_16-0)** [Souther 1992](#CITEREFSouther1992), p. 213.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESouther1990124,_125_17-0)** [Souther 1990](#CITEREFSouther1990), pp. 124, 125.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESouther1992223_18-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESouther1992223_18-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESouther1992223_18-2) [***d***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESouther1992223_18-3) [***e***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESouther1992223_18-4) [Souther 1992](#CITEREFSouther1992), p. 223.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESouther1990320_19-0)** [Souther 1990](#CITEREFSouther1990), p. 320.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBC_Geographical_Names:_Tsecha_Creek_20-0)** [BC Geographical Names: Tsecha Creek](#CITEREFBC_Geographical_Names:_Tsecha_Creek).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBC_Geographical_Names:_Kakiddi_Creek_21-0)** [BC Geographical Names: Kakiddi Creek](#CITEREFBC_Geographical_Names:_Kakiddi_Creek).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBC_Geographical_Names:_Klastline_River_22-0)** [BC Geographical Names: Klastline River](#CITEREFBC_Geographical_Names:_Klastline_River).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESouther199033_23-0)** [Souther 1990](#CITEREFSouther1990), p. 33.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBC_Geographical_Names:_The_Pyramid_24-0)** [BC Geographical Names: The Pyramid](#CITEREFBC_Geographical_Names:_The_Pyramid).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBC_Parks:_Mount_Edziza_Provincial_Park_25-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBC_Parks:_Mount_Edziza_Provincial_Park_25-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBC_Parks:_Mount_Edziza_Provincial_Park_25-2) [***d***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBC_Parks:_Mount_Edziza_Provincial_Park_25-3) [***e***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBC_Parks:_Mount_Edziza_Provincial_Park_25-4) [BC Parks: Mount Edziza Provincial Park](#CITEREFBC_Parks:_Mount_Edziza_Provincial_Park).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGlobal_Volcanism_Program:_EdzizaPhoto_Gallery_26-0)** [Global Volcanism Program: Edziza](#CITEREFGlobal_Volcanism_Program:_Edziza), Photo Gallery.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHolland197649_27-0)** [Holland 1976](#CITEREFHolland1976), p. 49.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEdwardsRussell20001280,_1281,_1283,_1284_28-0)** [Edwards & Russell 2000](#CITEREFEdwardsRussell2000), pp. 1280, 1281, 1283, 1284.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcGraw_Hill2003253_29-0)** [McGraw Hill 2003](#CITEREFMcGraw_Hill2003), p. 253.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEdwardsRussell20001280_31-0)** [Edwards & Russell 2000](#CITEREFEdwardsRussell2000), p. 1280.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESouther199227,_224_32-0)** [Souther 1992](#CITEREFSouther1992), pp. 27, 224.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESouther1992224_33-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESouther1992224_33-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESouther1992224_33-2) [Souther 1992](#CITEREFSouther1992), p. 224.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESouther199227,_223_34-0)** [Souther 1992](#CITEREFSouther1992), pp. 27, 223.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESouther1992223,_235_35-0)** [Souther 1992](#CITEREFSouther1992), pp. 223, 235.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESouther1990126_36-0)** [Souther 1990](#CITEREFSouther1990), p. 126.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESouther1990124–126_37-0)** [Souther 1990](#CITEREFSouther1990), pp. 124–126.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESouther1992213,_214_38-0)** [Souther 1992](#CITEREFSouther1992), pp. 213, 214.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFoote_et_al.20231_39-0)** [Foote et al. 2023](#CITEREFFoote_et_al.2023), p. 1.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMátyás_et_al.20231_40-0)** [Mátyás et al. 2023](#CITEREFMátyás_et_al.2023), p. 1.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESouther_1988:_Diagrammatic_Cross-sections_A-B-C,_D-E,_F-G-H-I,_J-K-L,_M-N-O,_P-Q-R_to_Accompany_Map_1623A,_Mount_Edziza_Volcanic_Complex_41-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESouther_1988:_Diagrammatic_Cross-sections_A-B-C,_D-E,_F-G-H-I,_J-K-L,_M-N-O,_P-Q-R_to_Accompany_Map_1623A,_Mount_Edziza_Volcanic_Complex_41-1) [Souther 1988: Diagrammatic Cross-sections A-B-C, D-E, F-G-H-I, J-K-L, M-N-O, P-Q-R to Accompany Map 1623A, Mount Edziza Volcanic Complex](#CITEREFSouther_1988:_Diagrammatic_Cross-sections_A-B-C,_D-E,_F-G-H-I,_J-K-L,_M-N-O,_P-Q-R_to_Accompany_Map_1623A,_Mount_Edziza_Volcanic_Complex).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESouther19922,_39_42-0)** [Souther 1992](#CITEREFSouther1992), pp. 2, 39.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESouther199231_43-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESouther199231_43-1) [Souther 1992](#CITEREFSouther1992), p. 31.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMussio201888,_89_44-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMussio201888,_89_44-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMussio201888,_89_44-2) [Mussio 2018](#CITEREFMussio2018), pp. 88, 89.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMussio201888_45-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMussio201888_45-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMussio201888_45-2) [Mussio 2018](#CITEREFMussio2018), p. 88.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMussio201889_46-0)** [Mussio 2018](#CITEREFMussio2018), p. 89.

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- ["Williams Cone"](https://web.archive.org/web/20240609204708/https://apps.gov.bc.ca/pub/bcgnws/names/22171.html). *[BC Geographical Names](/source/BC_Geographical_Names)*. Government of British Columbia – B.C. Geographical Names Office (BCGNO). Archived from [the original](https://apps.gov.bc.ca/pub/bcgnws/names/22171.html) on June 9, 2024.

- ["Williams Cone"](https://web.archive.org/web/20060219232258/http://gsc.nrcan.gc.ca/volcanoes/cat/volcano_e.php?id=svb_wic_018). *Catalogue of Canadian Volcanoes*. [Natural Resources Canada](/source/Natural_Resources_Canada). August 19, 2005. Archived from [the original](http://gsc.nrcan.gc.ca/volcanoes/cat/volcano_e.php?id=svb_wic_018) on February 19, 2006.

- ["Williams Cone"](https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=JBNML). *[Geographical Names Data Base](/source/GeoBase_(geospatial_data)#Geographical_Names_Data_Base)*. [Natural Resources Canada](/source/Natural_Resources_Canada). Retrieved February 24, 2025.

## External links

- ["Williams Cone, British Columbia"](http://www.peakbagger.com/peak.aspx?pid=51401). *Peakbagger.com*.

- Media related to [Williams Cone](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Williams_Cone) at Wikimedia Commons

v t e Mount Edziza volcanic complex Cinder cones The Ash Pit Cache Hill Camp Hill Cinder Cliff Cocoa Crater Coffee Crater Eve Cone Exile Hill Icefall Cone Kana Cone Keda Cone Klastline Cone Mess Lake Cone Moraine Cone Nahta Cone Outcast Hill Ridge Cone Sidas Cone Sleet Cone Source Hill Storm Cone Thaw Hill Triplex Cones Twin Cone Walkout Creek centres Williams Cone Subglacial volcanoes Pillow Ridge Tennena Cone Tsekone Ridge Wetalth Ridge Central volcanoes Armadillo Peak Mount Edziza Ice Peak Spectrum Range Lava domes Glacier Dome IGC Centre Nanook Dome Pharaoh Dome The Pyramid Sphinx Dome Triangle Dome Lava fields Desolation Lava Field Mess Lake Lava Field Snowshoe Lava Field Plateaus Arctic Lake Plateau Big Raven Plateau Kitsu Plateau Ridges Artifact Ridge Cartoona Ridge Idiji Ridge Obsidian Ridge Pillow Ridge Sorcery Ridge Tsekone Ridge Wetalth Ridge Yagi Ridge Mountain passes Destell Pass Raspberry Pass Bluffs Koosick Bluff Ornostay Bluff Glaciers Idiji Glacier Tenchen Glacier Tencho Glacier Tennaya Glacier Streams Artifact Creek Ball Creek Bourgeaux Creek Chakima Creek Crayke Creek Elwyn Creek Flyin Creek Gerlib Creek Kadeya Creek Kitsu Creek Little Iskut River More Creek Nagha Creek Nido Creek Pyramid Creek Raspberry Creek Sezill Creek Shaman Creek Sorcery Creek Stewbomb Creek Tadekho Creek Taweh Creek Tenchen Creek Tennaya Creek Tsecha Creek Walkout Creek Stratigraphic units Armadillo Formation Big Raven Formation (Sheep Track Member) Edziza Formation Ice Peak Formation Kakiddi Formation Klastline Formation Little Iskut Formation Nido Formation (Tenchen Member) Pyramid Formation Raspberry Formation Other Cartoona Peak Gnu Butte Mess Creek Escarpment Volcanism of the Mount Edziza volcanic complex

v t e Volcanoes of the Northern Cordilleran Volcanic Province Cinder cones Cache Hill Camp Hill Cinder Cliff Cinder Mountain Cocoa Crater Coffee Crater Cone Glacier Volcano Cracker Creek Cone Eve Cone Exile Hill Fort Selkirk Vent Gabrielse Cone Icefall Cone Ibex Mountain Iskut Canyon Cone Kana Cone Keda Cone Klastline Cone Mess Lake Cone Moraine Cone Ne Ch'e Ddhawa Nahta Cone Outcast Hill Prindle Volcano Ridge Cone Ruby Mountain Second Canyon Cone Sidas Cone Sleet Cone Snippaker Creek Cone Source Hill Storm Cone Thaw Hill The Saucer The Volcano Triplex Cones Tseax Cone Twin Cone Volcanic Creek Cone Volcano Mountain Walkout Creek Cone Watson Lake Cone Williams Cone Subglacial volcanoes Ash Mountain Chakatah Creek Peak Caribou Tuya Dark Mountain Dome Mountain Enid Creek Cone Isspah Butte Kawdy Mountain King Creek Cone Klinkit Creek Peak Klinkit Lake Peak Little Bear Mountain Little Eagle Cone Mathews Tuya Meehaz Mountain Mount Josephine Nuthinaw Mountain Pillow Ridge South Tuya Tennena Cone Tadekho Hill Toozaza Peak Tom MacKay Creek Cone Tsekone Ridge Tutsingale Mountain Tuya Butte Wetalth Ridge Lava domes Cartoona Peak Glacier Dome IGC Centre Nanook Dome Pharaoh Dome Sezill Volcano Sphinx Dome The Pyramid Triangle Dome Shield volcanoes Grizzly Butte Heart Peaks Level Mountain Maitland Volcano Spectrum Range Volcano Vent West Vent Volcanic fields Atlin Bell-Irving Desolation Fort Selkirk Mess Lake Snowshoe Tuya Stratovolcanoes Armadillo Peak Hoodoo Mountain Ice Peak Mount Edziza Volcanic plugs Castle Rock The Neck The Thumb

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Williams Cone](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Williams_Cone) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Williams_Cone?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.