# William Malcolm
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{{Short description|American Revolution officer (1745–1791)}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = William Malcolm
| image = William Malcolm.png
| office = Member of the [New York State Assembly](/source/New_York_State_Assembly)
| term = 1774–1774
| predecessor =
| successor =
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1745|01|23|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [Glenrothes, Scotland](/source/Glenrothes%2C_Scotland)
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1791|9|01|1745|01|23|df=yes}}
| death_place = [New York City](/source/New_York_City), [New York](/source/New_York_(state)), U.S.
| party =
| education =
| parents = [Richard Malcolm, Bt.](/source/Malcolm_baronets)
| spouse = {{plainlist|
*{{marriage|Abigail Tingley|1765|1770|reason=died}}
*{{marriage|Sarah Ayscough|1772}}
}}
| children = Richard Montgomery Malcolm
Samuel Bayard Malcolm
| relatives =
| allegiance = {{flag|United States|1777}}
{{flagicon|New York|1778}} [New York](/source/New_York_(state))
| branch = [Continental Army](/source/Continental_Army)
[New York State Militia](/source/New_York_State_Militia)
| rank = [Brigadier General](/source/Brigadier_General)
| commands = [Malcolm's Additional Continental Regiment](/source/Malcolm's_Additional_Continental_Regiment)
| service_years =
| battles = {{tree list}}
* [Revolutionary War](/source/American_Revolutionary_War)
** [Battle of Long Island](/source/Battle_of_Long_Island)
** [Battle of White Plains](/source/Battle_of_White_Plains)
** [Battle of Trenton](/source/Battle_of_Trenton)
** [Battle of Princeton](/source/Battle_of_Princeton)
{{tree list/end}}
| caption = Portrait by [Edward Greene Malbone](/source/Edward_Greene_Malbone)
}}
General '''William Malcolm''' (January 23, 1745 – September 1, 1791) was a [New York City](/source/New_York_City) merchant and officer in the [American Revolution](/source/American_Revolution). He commanded Malcolm's Regiment, with [Aaron Burr](/source/Aaron_Burr) as his second in command.[{{cite book|last1=Baxter|first1=Katharine Schuyler|title=A Godchild of Washington|date=1897|publisher=F.T. Neely|url=https://archive.org/details/agodchildwashin00baxtgoog|page=[https://archive.org/details/agodchildwashin00baxtgoog/page/n449 443]|access-date=18 June 2017|language=en}}]
==Early life==
William Malcolm was born in [Glenrothes, Scotland](/source/Glenrothes%2C_Scotland) on January 23, 1745, and was a member of the [Clan Malcolm](/source/Clan_Malcolm). He was the third son of [Richard Malcolm, Baronet of Balbedie and Innertiel](/source/Malcolm_baronets) in the county of [Fife](/source/Fife), [Scotland](/source/Scotland). When he came to America in 1763, he brought a number of family portraits and other valuables.[Tuttle Company, [https://books.google.com/books?id=TRRWAAAAMAAJ&q=%22william+malcolm%22 The Tingley Family], 1910, page 31]
===Revolutionary War service===
Malcolm was also active in the militia, and volunteered for military service during the American Revolution. He served in New York's military and the [Continental Army](/source/Continental_Army) throughout the Revolution, including assignments as Deputy [Adjutant General](/source/Adjutant) of the Northern Department under [Horatio Gates](/source/Horatio_Gates).[Henry Whittemore, [https://archive.org/details/heroesofamerican00whit/page/15 The Heroes of the American Revolution and Their Descendants], 1897, page 15]
In 1777, Malcolm was appointed to command a [regiment](/source/regiment). Called [Malcolm's Additional Continental Regiment](/source/Malcolm's_Additional_Continental_Regiment), he raised the organization and used his own funds to pay and equip it.[Nancy Isenberg, [https://books.google.com/books?id=PGeEPtjzzZkC&pg=PA37 Fallen Founder: The Life of Aaron Burr], 2007, page 37][{{cite book|last1=Proper|first1=Rev. Gordon R.|title=Once Upon a Time in the American Revolution|date=2017|publisher=Xlibris Corporation|isbn=9781524531164|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=A4zcDgAAQBAJ&pg=PT123|access-date=18 June 2017|language=en}}]{{Self-published inline|certain=yes|date=January 2018}} He commanded as [Colonel](/source/Colonel_(United_States)), with Aaron Burr as second in command and [Lieutenant Colonel](/source/Lieutenant_Colonel_(United_States)), though Burr was often the de facto commander as the result of Malcolm's detached assignments as Deputy Adjutant General or for other duties.[Buckner F. Melton, [https://books.google.com/books?id=PwTAsTfuMHkC&pg=PA1910 Aaron Burr: The Rise and Fall of an American Politician], 2004, page 1910][Nathan Schachner, [https://books.google.com/books?id=VSF3AAAAMAAJ&q=%22william+malcolm%22+%22aaron+burr%22 Aaron Burr: A Biography], 1937, page 53] Malcolm took part in the battles of [Long Island](/source/Battle_of_Long_Island), [White Plains](/source/Battle_of_White_Plains), [Trenton](/source/Battle_of_Trenton) and [Princeton](/source/Battle_of_Princeton). He was with the Army during the 1777-1778 winter at [Valley Forge](/source/Valley_Forge), and he later commanded Continental forces in upstate [New York](/source/New_York_State).[Katharine Schuyler Baxter, [https://archive.org/details/agodchildwashin00baxtgoog/page/n446 A Godchild of Washington], 1897, pages 440 to 443]
Near the end of the Revolution he was appointed commander of the militia in [New York](/source/New_York_County%2C_New_York), [Kings](/source/Kings_County%2C_New_York) and [Richmond](/source/Richmond_County%2C_New_York) Counties with the rank of [brigadier general](/source/Brigadier_general_(United_States)).[Thomas Edward Vermilye Smith, [https://archive.org/details/cityofnewyorkiny00smit_2/page/66 The City of New York in the Year of Washington's Inauguration, 1789], 1889, page 66][{{cite book|last1=Heath|first1=William|last2=Heuvel|first2=Sean M.|title=The Revolutionary War Memoirs of Major General William Heath|date=2014|publisher=McFarland|isbn=9781476617374|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4nWuBAAAQBAJ&pg=PT224|access-date=18 June 2017|language=en}}][{{cite web|title=General Orders, 14 July 1776|url=https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Washington/03-05-02-0216|website=founders.archives.gov|publisher=Founders Online|access-date=18 June 2017|language=en}}]
===Post-war===
In 1784, and again in 1787, he was elected to the [New York Provincial Congress](/source/New_York_Provincial_Congress) where he supported [Alexander Hamilton](/source/Alexander_Hamilton) in his motion to restore the elective franchise to the Tories and he favored the [United States Constitution](/source/United_States_Constitution).[New York Assembly, [https://books.google.com/books?id=ujMbAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA697 Documents of the Assembly of the State of New York], Volume 33, 1913, page 697][Oregon Society, Sons of the American Revolution [https://books.google.com/books?id=FWNBAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA88 Year Book], 1903, page 51]
As head of the militia in and around New York City, Malcolm commanded [George Washington's](/source/George_Washington) escort when Washington took the oath of office as the first [president](/source/President_of_the_United_States).[Michael Brander, [https://books.google.com/books?id=cSeOAAAAMAAJ&q=%22william+malcolm%22+washington+inauguration+escort The Emigrant Scots], 1982, page 90]
Malcolm was a [Freemason](/source/Freemasonry) as a member of St. John's Lodge No. 1 in New York City,[William R. Denslow, Harry S. Truman, [https://books.google.com/books?id=D-cCeOEXGyoC&pg=PA126 10,000 Famous Freemasons], Volume 3, 2004, page 126] a member of the [Saint Andrew's Society](/source/Saint_Andrew's_Society_of_the_State_of_New_York)[George Austin Morrison, [https://archive.org/details/historysaintand00morrgoog/page/n277 History of Saint Andrew's Society of the State of New York, 1756-1906], 1906, page 185] and the [Saint Nicholas Society](/source/Saint_Nicholas_Society_in_the_City_of_New_York),[Saint Nicholas Society of the City of New York, [https://archive.org/details/saintnicholassoc01sain/page/n249 The History of the Saint Nicholas Society of the City of New York], Volume 1, 1905, page 235] and a founder of New York City's [Chamber of Commerce](/source/Chamber_of_Commerce_of_the_State_of_New_York).[Gordon DenBoer, [https://books.google.com/books?id=rklx9c7MJFoC&pg=PA457 The Documentary History of the First Federal Elections: 1788-1790], 1987, page 457]
==Personal life==
Malcolm was married twice. His first wife was Abigail Tingley, whom he married in 1765, and who died in 1770.[{{cite book|last1=Committee|first1=New York Colony|last2=(State)|first2=New York|title=New York Marriages Previous to 1784|date=1968|publisher=Genealogical Publishing Com|isbn=9780806302591|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bxaFZzGqEmAC&pg=PA253|access-date=18 June 2017|language=en}}] His second wife was Sarah Ayscough, the daughter of Richard Ayscough and Catharine Bayard,[[http://longislandgenealogy.com/NYSMarrLic/NYmarlicense.htm Province of New York - Marriage Licenses prior to 1784], accessed December 4, 2012][[https://books.google.com/books?id=FJYyAQAAMAAJ&pg=RA1-PA96 New York Genealogical and Biographical Record], Volumes 9-10, 1878, page 96] Together, they were the parents of:
* Richard Montgomery Malcolm (1776–1823), who married Ann Henry.
* Samuel Bayard Malcolm (1777–1817), who married [Catherine Van Rensselaer Schuyler](/source/Schuyler_family) (1780–1875), the youngest daughter of [Philip Schuyler](/source/Philip_Schuyler).[{{cite web|last1=Bielinski|first1=Stefan|title=Catherine Schuyler Malcolm Cochran|url=https://exhibitions.nysm.nysed.gov/albany/bios/s/caschuyler1251.html|website=exhibitions.nysm.nysed.gov|publisher=[New York State Museum](/source/New_York_State_Museum)|access-date=18 June 2017}}] After his death, his widow married [James Cochran](/source/James_Cochran_(New_York_politician)) (1769–1848).[{{cite web|last1=Lange|first1=Allynne|title=The Women of Schuyler Mansion|url=http://www.hrmm.org/history-blog/category/revolutionary-war|website=Hudson River Maritime Museum|access-date=18 June 2017|date=April 14, 2017}}]
William Malcolm died in New York City on September 1, 1791. He was buried in [Manhattan's](/source/Manhattan) [Brick Presbyterian Church Cemetery](/source/Brick_Presbyterian_Church_(Manhattan)).[[Henry Collins Brown](/source/Henry_Collins_Brown), [https://books.google.com/books?id=CcdHVjGJrNwC&pg=PA225 Valentine's Manual of Old New York], 1916, page 225]
===Descendants===
Malcolm's descendants included members of the prominent [Bayard](/source/Bayard_family), [Schuyler](/source/Schuyler_family) and Montgomery families.[Sons of the Revolution. New York Society, [https://books.google.com/books?id=Tq5YAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA365 Year Book], 1893, page 365][New England Historic Genealogical Register, [https://books.google.com/books?id=E7LMFLDeNU0C&pg=PA53 The Weaver Family of New York City], Volume 47, 1893, page 53][{{cite book|title=The Minute Man|date=1921|publisher=The Sons of the Revolution in the State of Illinois|location=Chicago|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=duwQAQAAMAAJ&pg=PR239|access-date=18 June 2017|language=en}}] His grandchildren, through his son, Samuel, included Philip Schuyler Malcolm (b. 1804),[{{cite book|last1=Chapter|first1=Sons of the Revolution New York Society Philip Livingston|title=Year Book|date=1910|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ka8pAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA537|access-date=18 June 2017|language=en}}] Catharine Elizabeth Malcolm (b. 1809), William Schuyler Malcolm (1810–1890), and Alexander Hamilton Malcolm (1815–1888).[{{Cite book|title=Colonial New York: Philip Schuyler and His Family, Volume 2|last=Schuyler|first=George W.|publisher=Charles Scribner's Sons|year=1885|location=New York|pages=283}}]
Through his son, Richard, he was the grandfather of Sarah Ayscough Malcolm (1802–1888), who married Thomas P. Ball (1792–1744).[{{cite book|last1=York|first1=Saint Nicholas Society of the City of New|title=Genealogical Record of the Saint Nicholas Society: Advanced Sheets, First Series|date=1902|publisher=Society|url=https://archive.org/details/genealogicalreco00sain|page=[https://archive.org/details/genealogicalreco00sain/page/42 42]|access-date=18 June 2017|language=en}}] His great-grandson was James Mortimer Montgomery (1855–1926).