# Wilhelm Trendelenburg

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{{Short description|German physiologist}}
{{Infobox scientist  
|name              =  Wilhelm Theodor Trendelenburg
|image             = 
|image_size       = 
|caption           =  
|birth_date        = {{birth date|1877|6|16}} 
|birth_place       = [Rostock](/source/Rostock) [Germany](/source/Germany)
|residence         = 
|nationality       = 
|death_date        = {{death date and age|1946|3|16|1877|6|16}} 
|death_place       = [Tübingen](/source/T%C3%BCbingen) [Germany](/source/Germany)
|field             = 
|work_institution  =    
|alma_mater        =  
|doctoral_advisor  =  
|doctoral_students =   
|known_for          = 
|prizes             = [Lieben Prize](/source/Lieben_Prize) <small>(1915)</small>
|religion           = 
|footnotes          =
}}
'''Ernst Wilhelm Theodor Trendelenburg''' (16 July 1877 – 16 March 1946) was a German [physiologist](/source/physiologist) known for his work in physiological [optics](/source/optics).

He studied physiology at the [University of Freiburg](/source/University_of_Freiburg), receiving his doctorate from the [University of Leipzig](/source/University_of_Leipzig) in 1900. He worked as an assistant to [Johannes von Kries](/source/Johannes_von_Kries) at Freiburg and to [Ewald Hering](/source/Ewald_Hering) at Leipzig. In 1904 he obtained his habilitation for physiology at Freiburg, and in 1911 became a full professor at the [University of Innsbruck](/source/University_of_Innsbruck). Afterwards, he held professorships at the universities of [Giessen](/source/University_of_Giessen) (from 1916), [Tübingen](/source/University_of_T%C3%BCbingen) (from 1917) and [Berlin](/source/University_of_Berlin) (from 1927).<ref name=TH>[https://books.google.com/books?id=1NVRfl4gCw0C&dq=%22Trendelenburg%2C+Wilhelm%22+1877&pg=PA84 Thibaut - Zycha, Volume 10] edited by [Walther Killy](/source/Walther_Killy)</ref><ref name=TR>[http://www.awz.uni-wuerzburg.de/en/archive/film_photo_and_tone_archives/video_documents/wilhlem_trendelenburg/ Wilhelm Trendelenburg] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170912071749/http://www.awz.uni-wuerzburg.de/en/archive/film_photo_and_tone_archives/video_documents/wilhlem_trendelenburg/ |date=2017-09-12 }}. [Adolf-Würth-Zentrum für Geschichte der Psychologie](/source/Adolf-Wuerth-Center_for_the_History_of_Psychology)</ref>

In 1931 he became a member of the [Prussian Academy of Sciences](/source/Prussian_Academy_of_Sciences).<ref>"Statement based on translated text from an equivalent article at the [German Wikipedia](/source/German_Wikipedia)".</ref>

He was the son of surgeon [Friedrich Trendelenburg](/source/Friedrich_Trendelenburg) and the grandson of renowned philosopher [Friedrich Adolf Trendelenburg](/source/Friedrich_Adolf_Trendelenburg). He was the brother of [pharmacologist](/source/pharmacologist) [Paul Trendelenburg](/source/Paul_Trendelenburg), the pharmacologist [Paul Trendelenburg](/source/Paul_Trendelenburg) and of the politician [Ernst Trendelenburg](/source/Ernst_Trendelenburg).<ref name=TR/>

He was an accomplished musician, being adept at playing [violin](/source/violin) and [cello](/source/cello).<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=xDnICgAAQBAJ&dq=%22Wilhelm+Trendelenburg%22+1877&pg=PA120 Neurology of Music] edited by F Clifford Rose</ref> It is believed that he was the first scientist to conduct studies on the role of bow pressure, contact point and bow speed in the determination of [tone color](/source/Timbre).<ref>[https://tspace.library.utoronto.ca/bitstream/1807/68269/1/McLeod_Alexander_R_201411_DMA_thesis.pdf Violin Pedagogy and the Physics of the Bowed String] Alexander Rhodes McLeod</ref> During his time spent at the University of Freiburg he conducted studies involving [animal psychology](/source/animal_psychology) that included intelligence testing with monkeys.<ref name=TR/> He is also credited as the inventor of the [red adaptation goggles](/source/red_adaptation_goggles).<ref>[http://www.orau.org/PTP/collection/Radiology/goggles.htm Red Goggles (ca. 1940s)]</ref>

== Selected works ==
* ''Der Gesichtssinn; Grundzüge der physiologischen Optik'' (with Erich Schütz), 1924 &ndash; The sense of sight; Principles of physiological optics. 
* ''Die natürlichen grundlagen der kunst des streichinstrumentspiels'', 1925 &ndash; The natural foundations concerning the art of stringed instrument exercises.
* ''Anleitung zu den physiologischen übungen für studierende der medizin'', 1938 &ndash; Instructions on physiological exercises for medical students.
* ''Zur Kenntnis der Kurvengestalt der Vokalperiode in ihrer Beziehung zu den Vorgängen im Kehlkopf'', 1940 &ndash; A treatise on the processes in the [larynx](/source/larynx) associated with [vowel sound](/source/vowel_sound)s.
* ''Zur Kenntnis des abnormen Farbensinns und seiner Vererbung'', 1941 &ndash; Information on abnormal [color sense](/source/color_vision) and heredity. 
* ''Über den Licht- und Farbensinn'', 1943 &ndash; On light and color sense.<ref>[http://www.worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n87-833893/ Most widely held works by Wilhelm Trendelenburg] WorldCat Identities</ref>
He was also co-editor of the periodical ''Zeitschrift für die gesamte experimentelle Medizin''.<ref name=TH/>

== References ==
* {{cite journal
 | title =  Wilhelm Trendelenburg in Memoriam 
 | author = A. Schittenhelm 
 | journal = [Research in Experimental Medicine](/source/Research_in_Experimental_Medicine) 
 | volume = 115  
 | issue = 1–2 
 | pages = ii-6 
 | year = 1949 
 | url =  
 | doi = 10.1007/BF02056038 | s2cid = 84041139 
 }}
{{reflist}}

{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Trendelenburg}}
Category:1877 births
Category:1946 deaths
Category:German physiologists
Category:University of Freiburg alumni
Category:Academic staff of the University of Innsbruck
Category:Academic staff of the University of Tübingen
Category:Academic staff of the Humboldt University of Berlin
Category:Academic staff of the University of Giessen
Category:People from Rostock

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Wilhelm Trendelenburg](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm_Trendelenburg) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm_Trendelenburg?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.