# WebKit

> Mediated Wiki article. Canonical URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/WebKit
> Markdown URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/WebKit.md
> Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WebKit
> Source revision: 1350538667
> License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)

Open source browser engine

WebKit Original author Apple Inc.[1][2] Developers Apple Inc., Adobe Systems, Sony, KDE, Igalia, and others Release November 4, 1998; 27 years ago (1998-11-04) (KHTML released) June 7, 2005; 21 years ago (2005-06-07) (WebKit sourced) Preview release Nightly[3] Written in C++[4] Operating system macOS, iOS, Linux,[5] Microsoft Windows[6][7] Type Browser engine License LGPL (rendering engine, JavaScript engine), BSD 2-Clause (additional contributions from Apple)[8] Website webkit.org Repository github.com/WebKit/WebKit

**WebKit** is a [browser engine](/source/Browser_engine) primarily used in Apple's [Safari](/source/Safari_(web_browser)) [web browser](/source/Web_browser), as well as all web browsers on [iOS](/source/IOS) and [iPadOS](/source/IPadOS). WebKit is also used by the [PlayStation](/source/PlayStation) consoles starting with the PS3, the [Tizen](/source/Tizen) mobile operating systems, the Amazon Kindle [e-book](/source/E-book) reader, [Nintendo consoles](/source/Nintendo_video_game_consoles) starting with the 3DS Internet Browser, [GNOME Web](/source/GNOME_Web), and the discontinued BlackBerry Browser.

WebKit started as a [fork](/source/Fork_(software_development)) of the [KHTML](/source/KHTML) and [KJS](/source/KJS_(software)) libraries from [KDE](/source/KDE),[1][9] and has since been further developed by [KDE](/source/KDE) contributors, [Apple](/source/Apple_Inc.), [Google](/source/Google), [Nokia](/source/Nokia),[9] [Bitstream](/source/Bitstream_Inc.), BlackBerry, [Sony](/source/Sony), [Igalia](/source/Igalia), and others.[10] WebKit supports [macOS](/source/MacOS), Windows, [Linux](/source/Linux), and various other [Unix-like](/source/Unix-like) operating systems.[11] On April 3, 2013, Google announced that it had forked WebCore, a component of WebKit, to be used in future versions of [Google Chrome](/source/Google_Chrome) under the name [Blink](/source/Blink_(browser_engine)).[12][13] Since version 15 in May 2013, [Opera web browser](/source/Opera_(web_browser)) has dropped its own Presto layout engine in favor of WebKit as implemented by Google in the Chromium project.

Its [JavaScript](/source/JavaScript) engine, JavaScriptCore, also powers the [Bun](/source/Bun_(software)) server-side JS runtime,[14] as opposed to [V8](/source/V8_(JavaScript_engine)) used by [Node.js](/source/Node.js), [Deno](/source/Deno_(software)), and [Blink](/source/Blink_(engine)). WebKit's [C++](/source/C%2B%2B) [application programming interface](/source/Application_programming_interface) (API) provides a set of [classes](/source/Class_(programming)) to display [Web](/source/World_Wide_Web) content in windows, and implements browser features such as following links when clicked by the user, managing a back-forward list, and managing a history of pages recently visited.

WebKit is [open source](/source/Open_source) and available under the [BSD 2-Clause](/source/BSD_licenses) license[15][8] with the exception of the [WebCore](#WebCore) and [JavaScriptCore](#JavaScriptCore) components, which are available under the [GNU Lesser General Public License](/source/GNU_Lesser_General_Public_License). As of March 7, 2013, WebKit is a trademark of Apple, registered with the [United States Patent and Trademark Office](/source/United_States_Patent_and_Trademark_Office).[16]

## Origins

The code that would become WebKit began in 1998 as the *KDE HTML* ([KHTML](/source/KHTML)) layout engine and *KDE JavaScript* ([KJS](/source/KJS_(software))) engine. The WebKit project was started within Apple by Lisa Melton[*[citation needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed)*] on June 25, 2001,[17] as a [fork](/source/Software_fork) of [KHTML](/source/KHTML) and [KJS](/source/KJS_(software)). Melton explained in an e-mail to KDE developers[1] that [KHTML](/source/KHTML) and [KJS](/source/KJS_(software)) allowed easier development than other available technologies by virtue of being small (fewer than 140,000 [lines of code](/source/Lines_of_code)), cleanly designed, and standards-compliant. KHTML and KJS were ported to [macOS](/source/MacOS) with the help of an adapter [library](/source/Library_(computing)) and renamed to WebCore and JavaScriptCore.[1] JavaScriptCore was announced in an e-mail to a KDE [mailing list](/source/Mailing_list) in June 2002, alongside the first release of Apple's changes.[18]

According to Apple, some changes that called for different development tactics involved macOS-specific features which are absent in KDE's KHTML, such as [Objective-C](/source/Objective-C); KWQ (pronounced "quack"), an implementation of the subset of Qt required to make KHTML work on macOS, written in Objective C++; and macOS calls.[19]

### Split development

The exchange of code between WebCore and KHTML became increasingly difficult as the code bases diverged, because both projects used different coding approaches and had different approaches to code sharing.[20] At one point KHTML developers said they were unlikely to accept Apple's changes and claimed the relationship between the two groups was a "bitter failure".[21] They claimed Apple submitted their changes in large patches containing multiple changes with inadequate documentation, often in relation to future additions to the codebase. Thus, these patches were difficult for the [KDE](/source/KDE) developers to integrate back into KHTML.[22] Also, Apple had demanded that developers sign non-disclosure agreements before looking at Apple's source code, and even then, they were unable to access Apple's bug database.[23]

During the publicized "divorce" period, KDE developer Kurt Pfeifle (*pipitas*) posted an article claiming KHTML developers had managed to [backport](/source/Backporting) many (but not all) Safari improvements from WebCore to KHTML, and they always appreciated the improvements coming from Apple and still do so. The article also noted that Apple had begun contacting KHTML developers to discuss improving the relationship and future cooperation.[24] In fact, the KDE project was able to incorporate some of these changes to improve KHTML's rendering speed and add features, including compliance with the [Acid2](/source/Acid2) rendering test.[25]

Following the appearance of a story of the fork in the news, Apple released the source code of the WebKit fork in a public [revision-control](/source/Revision_control) repository.[26]

The WebKit team also reversed many Apple-specific changes in the original WebKit codebase and implemented platform-specific abstraction layers, making it significantly easier to commit the core rendering code to other platforms.[27]

In July 2007, *[Ars Technica](/source/Ars_Technica)* reported that the KDE team would move from KHTML to WebKit.[28] Instead, after several years of integration, KDE Development Platform version 4.5.0 was released in August 2010 with support for both WebKit and KHTML, and development of KHTML continued until 2016 before it was officially discontinued in 2023.[29][30]

### Open-sourcing

On June 7, 2005, Safari developer [Dave Hyatt](/source/Dave_Hyatt) announced on his [weblog](/source/Weblog) that Apple was open-sourcing WebKit (formerly, only WebCore and JavaScriptCore were open source) and opening up access to WebKit's [revision control](/source/Revision_control) tree and the issue tracker.[26]

In mid-December 2005, support for [Scalable Vector Graphics](/source/Scalable_Vector_Graphics) (SVG) was merged into the standard build.[31]

WebKit's JavaScriptCore and WebCore components are available under the GNU Lesser General Public License, while the rest of WebKit is available under the BSD 2-Clause license.[8]

### Further development

This section needs to be updated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (July 2015)

Beginning in early 2007, the development team began to implement [Cascading Style Sheets](/source/Cascading_Style_Sheets) (CSS) extensions, including [animation](/source/CSS_Animations), transitions and both 2D and 3D transforms;[32] such extensions were released as working drafts to the [World Wide Web Consortium](/source/World_Wide_Web_Consortium) (W3C) in 2009 for standardization.[33]

In November 2007, the project announced that it had added support for media features of the [HTML5](/source/HTML5) draft specification, allowing embedded video to be natively rendered and script-controlled in WebKit.[34]

On June 2, 2008, the WebKit project announced that they had rewritten JavaScriptCore as "SquirrelFish", a [bytecode interpreter](/source/Interpreter_(computing)).[35][36] The project evolved into SquirrelFish Extreme (abbreviated SFX), announced on September 18, 2008, which [compiles](/source/Compiler) JavaScript into native [machine code](/source/Machine_code), eliminating the need for a bytecode interpreter and thus speeding up JavaScript execution.[37] Initially, the only supported processor architecture for SFX was the [x86](/source/X86), but at the end of January 2009, SFX was enabled for macOS on [x86-64](/source/X86-64) as it passes all tests on that platform.[38]

### WebKit2

On April 8, 2010, a project named WebKit2 was announced to redesign WebKit. Its goal was to abstract the components that provide [page layout](/source/Page_layout) and [rendering](/source/Rendering_(computer_graphics)) cleanly from their surrounding interface or application shell, creating a situation where "web content (JavaScript, HTML, layout, etc) lives in a separate process from the application UI". This abstraction was intended to make reuse in WebKit2 simpler than in WebKit. WebKit2 had "an incompatible API change from the original WebKit", which motivated its name change.[39]

The WebKit2 targets were set to Linux, macOS, Windows, [GTK](/source/GTK), and [MeeGo](/source/MeeGo)-Harmattan.[40][41] Safari for macOS switched to the new API with version 5.1.[42] Safari for iOS switched to WebKit2 with iOS 8.[43]

The original WebKit API has been renamed WebKitLegacy API.[44] WebKit2 API has been renamed just plain WebKit API.[45]

## Use

[Usage share of web browsers](/source/Usage_share_of_web_browsers) according to [StatCounter](/source/StatCounter), 2009–2025

WebKit is used as the rendering engine within [Safari](/source/Safari_(web_browser)) and was used by [Google](/source/Google)'s [Chrome](/source/Google_Chrome) web browser on Windows, macOS, and [Android](/source/Android_(operating_system)) (before version 4.4 KitKat). Chrome used only WebCore, and included its own [JavaScript engine](/source/JavaScript_engine) named [V8](/source/Chrome_V8) and a multiprocess system.[46] Chrome for [iOS](/source/IOS) continues to use WebKit because Apple requires that web browsers on that platform must do so.[47] Other applications on macOS and iOS make use of WebKit, such as Apple's e-mail client [Mail](/source/Mail_(Apple)), App Store, and the 2008 version of Microsoft's [Entourage](/source/Microsoft_Entourage) [personal information manager](/source/Personal_information_manager), both of which make use of WebKit to render HTML content.

### Installed base

New web browsers have been built around WebKit such as the [S60](/source/S60_(software_platform)) browser[48] on [Symbian](/source/Symbian) mobile phones, [BlackBerry](/source/BlackBerry_OS) Browser (ver 6.0+), [Midori](/source/Midori_(web_browser)), [Chrome](/source/Google_Chrome) browser,[49][50] the [Android](/source/Android_(operating_system)) Web browsers before version 4.4 KitKat, and the browser used in [PlayStation 3 system software](/source/PlayStation_3_system_software) from version 4.10.[51][*[unreliable source?](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources)*] KDE's Rekonq web browser and [Plasma Workspaces](/source/Plasma_Workspaces) also use it as the native web rendering engine. WebKit has been adopted as the rendering engine in [OmniWeb](/source/OmniWeb), [iCab](/source/ICab), [Web](/source/Web_(web_browser)) (formerly named Epiphany), and [Sleipnir](/source/Sleipnir_(web_browser)), replacing their original rendering engines. GNOME's Web supported both [Gecko](/source/Gecko_(layout_engine)) and WebKit for some time. Still, the team decided that Gecko's release cycle and future development plans would make it too cumbersome to continue supporting it.[52] [webOS](/source/WebOS) uses WebKit as the basis of its application runtime.[53] WebKit is used to render HTML and run JavaScript in the [Adobe Integrated Runtime](/source/Adobe_Integrated_Runtime) application platform. In [Adobe Creative Suite](/source/Adobe_Creative_Suite) CS5, WebKit is used to render some parts of the user interface. By the first half of 2010, an analyst estimated that 350 million mobile handsets had shipped with a WebKit-based browser.[54] By mid-April 2015, WebKit [browser market share](/source/Usage_share_of_web_browsers) was 50.3%.[55]

### Ports

The week after Hyatt announced WebKit's open sourcing, Nokia announced that it had ported WebKit to [Symbian](/source/Symbian) and was developing a WebKit-based browser for mobile phones running S60. Named [Web Browser for S60](/source/Web_Browser_for_S60), it was used on Nokia, Samsung, LG, and other Symbian S60 mobile phones. Apple has also ported WebKit to [iOS](/source/IOS) for the [iPhone](/source/IPhone), [iPod Touch](/source/IPod_Touch), and [iPad](/source/IPad), where it is used to render content in the device's web browser and e-mail software.[56] The [Android](/source/Android_(operating_system)) mobile phone platform used WebKit (and later versions its [Blink fork](/source/Blink_(browser_engine))) as the basis of its web browser[57][58][59] and the [Palm Pre](/source/Palm_Pre), announced January 2009, has an interface based on WebKit.[60] The [Amazon Kindle](/source/Amazon_Kindle) 3 includes an experimental WebKit based browser.[61]

In June 2007, Apple announced that WebKit had been ported to [Microsoft Windows](/source/Microsoft_Windows) as part of Safari. Although the company silently discontinued Safari for Windows,[62] WebKit's ports to Microsoft's operating system are still actively maintained.[63][64] The Windows port uses Apple's proprietary libraries to function and is used for iCloud[65] and iTunes[66] for Windows, whereas the "WinCairo" port is a fully open-source and redistributable port.[67][68]

[GNOME Web](/source/GNOME_Web) is a web browser on Linux that uses WebKitGTK.

WebKit has also been ported to several toolkits that support multiple platforms, such as the [GTK](/source/GTK) toolkit for [Linux](/source/Linux), under the name *WebKitGTK* which is used by Eolie,[69][*[full citation needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#What_information_to_include)*] [GNOME Web](/source/GNOME_Web),[70][71] [Adobe Integrated Runtime](/source/Adobe_Integrated_Runtime), [Enlightenment Foundation Libraries](/source/Enlightenment_Foundation_Libraries) (EFL), and the Clutter toolkit.[72] [Qt Software](/source/Qt_Software) included a WebKit port in the Qt 4.4 release as a module called QtWebKit[73] (since superseded by [Qt WebEngine](/source/Qt_WebEngine), which uses Blink instead). The [Iris Browser](/source/Iris_Browser) on Qt also used WebKit. The Enlightenment Foundation Libraries (EFL) port – EWebKit – was developed (by [Samsung](/source/Samsung) and ProFusion[74]) focusing the embedded and mobile systems, for use as stand alone browser, widgets-gadgets, rich text viewer and composer.[*[citation needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed)*] The Clutter port is developed by [Collabora](/source/Collabora) and sponsored by [Robert Bosch GmbH](/source/Robert_Bosch_GmbH).

There was also a project synchronized with WebKit (sponsored by Pleyo)[75][*[not specific enough to verify](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability)*] called *[Origyn Web Browser](/source/Origyn_Web_Browser)*, which provided a meta-port to an abstract platform to make porting to embedded or lightweight systems quicker and easier.[76] This port is used for embedded devices such as [set-top boxes](/source/Set-top_box) and PMP[*[further explanation needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify)*] and it has been ported into [AmigaOS](/source/AmigaOS),[77] [AROS](/source/AROS),[78] and [MorphOS](/source/MorphOS). MorphOS version 1.7 is the first version of [Origyn Web Browser](/source/Origyn_Web_Browser) (OWB) supporting [HTML5](/source/HTML5) media tags.[79][80]

#### Web Platform for Embedded

**Web Platform for Embedded** (**WPE**) is a WebKit port designed for embedded applications; it further improves the architecture by splitting the basic rendering functionality into a general-purpose routines library (libwpe), platform backends, and the engine itself (called WPE WebKit). The GTK port, albeit self-contained, can be built to use these base libraries instead of its internal platform-specific implementation. The WPE port is currently maintained by [Igalia](/source/Igalia).

### Forking by Google

On April 3, 2013, Google announced that it would produce a fork of WebKit's WebCore component, to be named [Blink](/source/Blink_(layout_engine)). Chrome's developers decided to fork WebCore to allow greater freedom in implementing its features in the browser without causing conflicts upstream, and to simplify its codebase by removing code for WebCore components unused by Chrome. In relation to [Opera Software](/source/Opera_Software)'s announcement earlier in the year that it would switch to WebKit by means of the [Chromium](/source/Chromium_(web_browser)) codebase, it was confirmed that the [Opera web browser](/source/Opera_(web_browser)) would also switch to Blink.[46] Following the announcement, WebKit developers began discussions on removing Chrome-specific code from the engine to streamline its codebase.[81] WebKit no longer has any Chrome specific code (e.g., buildsystem, V8 JavaScript engine hooks, platform code, etc.).[*[citation needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed)*]

## Components

### WebCore

WebCore is a layout, rendering, and [Document Object Model](/source/Document_Object_Model) (DOM) [library](/source/Library_(computing)) for HTML and [Scalable Vector Graphics](/source/Scalable_Vector_Graphics) (SVG), developed by the WebKit project. Its full source code is licensed under the [GNU Lesser General Public License](/source/GNU_Lesser_General_Public_License) (LGPL). The WebKit framework wraps WebCore and JavaScriptCore, providing an Objective-C [application programming interface](/source/Application_programming_interface) to the [C++](/source/C%2B%2B)-based WebCore rendering engine and JavaScriptCore script engine, allowing it to be easily referenced by applications based on the [Cocoa API](/source/Cocoa_API); later versions also include a [cross-platform](/source/Cross-platform) C++ platform abstraction, and various ports provide more APIs.[*[citation needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed)*]

WebKit passes the [Acid2](/source/Acid2) and [Acid3](/source/Acid3) tests, with pixel-perfect rendering and no timing or smoothness issues on reference hardware.[82]

### JavaScriptCore

JavaScriptCore is a framework that provides a [JavaScript engine](/source/JavaScript_engine) for WebKit implementations, and provides this type of scripting in other contexts within macOS.[18][83] JavaScriptCore is originally derived from [KDE](/source/KDE)'s JavaScript library [KJS](/source/KJS_(JavaScript_engine)) (which is part of the KDE project) and the [PCRE](/source/PCRE) [regular expression](/source/Regular_expression) library. Since forking from KJS and PCRE, JavaScriptCore has added many new features[*[example needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:AUDIENCE)*] and greatly improved performance.[84]

On June 2, 2008, the WebKit project announced they rewrote JavaScriptCore as "SquirrelFish",[35][36] a [register](/source/Register_machine)-based [bytecode interpreter](/source/Interpreter_(computing)) replacing the original AST-walking interpreter. The project later evolved into SquirrelFish Extreme (abbreviated SFX, marketed as Nitro), announced on September 18, 2008, further speeding up JavaScript execution by introducing [Just-in-time compilation](/source/Just-in-time_compilation).[37]

An optimizing [just-in-time](/source/Just-in-time_compilation) (JIT) compiler named *FTL* was announced on May 13, 2014.[85] It uses [LLVM](/source/LLVM) to generate optimized machine code. "FTL" stands for "Fourth-Tier-LLVM", and unofficially for [faster-than-light](/source/Faster-than-light), alluding to its speed.[86] As of February 15, 2016, the backend of FTL JIT is replaced by "Bare Bones Backend" (or B3 for short).[87]

## See also

- [Free and open-source software portal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Free_and_open-source_software)

- [Comparison of browser engines](/source/Comparison_of_browser_engines)

- [List of WebKit-based browsers](/source/List_of_web_browsers#WebKit-based)

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1. **[^](#cite_ref-86)** ["Apple integrates LLVM compiler to boost WebKit JavaScript performance"](https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2014/05/apple-integrates-llvm-compiler-to-boost-webkit-javascript-performance/). *[Ars Technica](/source/Ars_Technica)*. May 16, 2014. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20170708093248/https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2014/05/apple-integrates-llvm-compiler-to-boost-webkit-javascript-performance/) from the original on July 8, 2017.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-87)** ["Introducing the B3 JIT Compiler"](https://webkit.org/blog/5852/introducing-the-b3-jit-compiler/). *WebKit Blog*. February 15, 2016. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20170503053344/https://webkit.org/blog/5852/introducing-the-b3-jit-compiler/) from the original on May 3, 2017.

## External links

- [Official website](https://webkit.org)

- [Official website](https://webkitgtk.org) for [WebKitGTK](#Ports)

- [SunSpider 1.0 JavaScript Benchmark](https://webkit.org/perf/sunspider/sunspider.html) [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20181215161706/https://www2.webkit.org/perf/sunspider/sunspider.html) December 15, 2018, at the [Wayback Machine](/source/Wayback_Machine)

v t e Browser engines (comparison) Stable Blink Gecko WebKit Goanna MSHTML NetSurf Experimental Flow LibWeb Servo Discontinued EdgeHTML KHTML Mariner Presto Tasman Tkhtml NetFront

v t e macOS History Architecture Built-in apps Server Software Versions Mac OS X Server 1.0 Public Beta 10.0 Cheetah 10.1 Puma 10.2 Jaguar 10.3 Panther 10.4 Tiger 10.5 Leopard 10.6 Snow Leopard OS X 10.7 Lion 10.8 Mountain Lion 10.9 Mavericks 10.10 Yosemite 10.11 El Capitan macOS 10.12 Sierra 10.13 High Sierra 10.14 Mojave 10.15 Catalina 11 Big Sur 12 Monterey 13 Ventura 14 Sonoma 15 Sequoia 26 Tahoe 27 Golden Gate Predecessors Classic Mac OS NeXTSTEP Rhapsody Applications Core applications App Store Automator Calculator Calendar Contacts Control Center Dictionary FaceTime Finder Game Center Grapher Home Mail Messages News Music Notes Notification Center Podcasts Photo Booth Photos Preview QuickTime Player Reminders Safari Shortcuts Siri Stickies TextEdit Time Machine Developer Tools Xcode Instruments Former Interface Builder Dashcode Quartz Composer Utilities Boot Camp (deprecated) ColorSync Configurator Disk Utility Font Book Keychain Access Script Editor System Settings Terminal VoiceOver Former Dashboard Front Row iChat iPhoto iSync iTunes history Sherlock Technologies, user interface AirDrop AppKit Apple File System Apple menu Apple Push Notification service AppleScript Aqua Audio Units AVFoundation Bonjour Bundle CloudKit Cocoa ColorSync Command key Core Animation Core Audio Core Data Core Foundation Core Image Core OpenGL Core Text Core Video Cover Flow CUPS Darwin Dock FileVault Fonts Foundation Gatekeeper Grand Central Dispatch icns iCloud Kernel panic Keychain launchd Liquid Glass Mach-O Menu extra Metal Mission Control Night Shift OpenCL Option key Preference Pane Property list Quartz Quick Look Rosetta Smart Folders Speakable items Spotlight Stacks System Integrity Protection Uniform Type Identifier Universal binary WebKit XNU XQuartz Deprecated HFS+ Discontinued ATSUI BootX Brushed metal Carbon Classic Environment Inkwell QuickTime Spaces Xgrid Category

v t e ECMAScript Dialects ActionScript Haxe Bosque Caja JavaScript engines asm.js JS++ JScript JScript .NET QtScript Solidity TypeScript WMLScript Engines Carakan Futhark JavaScriptCore JScript KJS Linear B QtScript Rhino SpiderMonkey TraceMonkey JägerMonkey Tamarin V8 ChakraCore Chakra JScript .NET Nashorn Frameworks Client-side Dojo Echo Ext JS Google Web Toolkit jQuery Lively Kernel midori MochiKit MooTools Prototype qooxdoo SproutCore Spry Wakanda Framework Server-side Node.js Deno Bun GraalJS Jaxer AppJet WakandaDB Multiple Cappuccino Libraries Backbone.js SWFObject Underscore.js People Brendan Eich Douglas Crockford John Resig Scott Isaacs Other DHTML Ecma International JSDoc JSGI JSHint JSLint JSON JSSS Sputnik SunSpider Asynchronous module definition CommonJS Lists: JavaScript libraries • Ajax frameworks • Server-side JavaScript Comparison: JavaScript web frameworks

v t e Widget engines Modes Software widget Web widget Engines (free) GTK+ GNOME Shell Cinnamon Qt KDE Plasma Other Rainmeter WebKit XWidgets Engines (proprietary) Active Desktop Dashboard DesktopX Google Desktop gadgets KlipFolio Microsoft Gadgets NetFront Netvibes WidSets Yahoo! Widgets XWidgets Category Comparison

v t e Web browsers Features, standards & protocols Features Bookmarks Extensions Privacy mode Web standards HTML v5 CSS DOM JavaScript WebAssembly Web storage IndexedDB WebGL WebGPU Protocols HTTP Encryption Cookies third-party OCSP WebRTC WebSocket Active Blink-based Proprietary Google Chrome Arc Atlas Avast Cốc Cốc Comet Comodo Ecosia Epic Huawei Maxthon Microsoft Edge Opera (Mobile) Puffin QQ Samsung Silk Sleipnir SRWare UC Vivaldi Whale Yandex FOSS Chromium Brave Dooble Falkon Otter Supermium ungoogled Gecko-based Firefox Floorp GNU IceCat LibreWolf Midori Mullvad SlimBrowser SeaMonkey (uses unnamed Gecko fork) Tor Waterfox Zen Goanna-based Basilisk K-Meleon Pale Moon WebKit-based Safari GNOME Web iCab Orion Multi-engine 360 DuckDuckGo Konqueror Lunascape NetFront qutebrowser Other Dillo eww Flow Ladybird Links Lynx NetSurf Opera Mini w3m Discontinued Blink-based Beaker Citrio Flock Redcore Rockmelt SalamWeb Sputnik Torch Gecko-based Beonex Camino Classilla Conkeror Firefox Lite Galeon Ghostzilla IceDragon Kazehakase Kylo Lotus MicroB Minimo Mozilla suite PirateBrowser Pogo Strata Swiftfox TenFourFox Timberwolf Waterfox Classic xB MSHTML-based Internet Explorer AOL Deepnet GreenBrowser MediaBrowser MSN Explorer MSN Program Viewer NeoPlanet NetCaptor SpaceTime ZAC WebKit-based Arora BOLT Dolphin Fluid Google TV Iris Mercury Nokia Symbian OmniWeb Opera Coast Origyn QtWeb Shiira Steel surf Uzbl WebPositive xombrero Other abaco Amaya Arachne Arena Blazer Cake CM Deepfish Edge Legacy ELinks Gazelle HotJava IBM Home Page Reader IBM WebExplorer IBrowse Internet Explorer for Mac KidZui Line Mode Mosaic MSN TV NetPositive Netscape Skweezer Skyfire ThunderHawk Vision WinWAP WorldWideWeb List Comparison Category

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [WebKit](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WebKit) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WebKit?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.