# Waterwolf

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**Waterwolf**, or **Water-wolf** is a [Dutch](/source/Dutch_people) word that comes from the [Netherlands](/source/Netherlands), which refers to the tendency of [lakes](/source/Lake) in low lying [peaty](/source/Peat) land, sometimes previously worn-down by men digging peat for [fuel](/source/Fuel), to enlarge or expand by [flooding](/source/Flooding), thus [eroding](/source/Erosion) the lake shores, and potentially causing harm to infrastructure, or death.[1] The term waterwolf is an example of [zoomorphism](/source/Zoomorphism), in which a non-living thing is given traits or characteristics of an animal (whereas a non-living thing given human traits or characteristics is [personification](/source/Personification)). The traits of a wolf most commonly given to lakes include "something to be feared", "quick and relentless", "an enemy of man".[1]

The Netherlands, meaning 'low countries', is a nation where 18% of the land is below [sea level](/source/Sea_level), and half of the land under one meter above sea level, and is prone to flooding.[2] Before modern flood control, severe [storms](/source/Storm) could cause flooding that could wipe out whole villages in the area of the waterwolf.[3] Much of the land in the Netherlands consists of peat [bogs](/source/Bog). Peat is [organic matter](/source/Organic_matter) consisting of 10% carbon and 90% water, usually found in colder [climates](/source/Climate) where the [plant growth](/source/Plant_growth) and decay are slow. Peat is considered a form of [carbon sequestration](/source/Carbon_sequestration), and when dried can be burned as a fuel. Historically peat was the primary source of fuel in the Netherlands, and farmers would mine the peat to burn or sell, thus contributing to the erosion of the [landscape](/source/Landscape).

The first great step to reclaiming land taken by the waterwolf was made with the creation of [windmills](/source/Windmills_in_the_Netherlands) that could pump water out of the surrounding area, allowing for the creation of [polders](/source/Polder), or areas inhabited below sea level with an artificially managed [water table](/source/Water_table).[4] Modern flood control in the Netherlands consists of maintaining polders and [levees](/source/Levee), and is highlighted by the world's largest [dam](/source/Dam) project: The [Delta Works](/source/Delta_Works).[4] While modern [flood control](/source/Flood_control_in_the_Netherlands) has conquered the waterwolf, new events such as [rising sea levels](/source/Sea_level_rise) from climate change could once again bring the waterwolf.[5]

## References

1. ["The many faces of the Waterwolf, the Low Countries' greatest friend and foe."](http://www.waterinitiativeforthefuture.org/blog/the-many-faces-of-the-waterwolf-the-low-countries-greatest-friend-and-foe). *Water Initiative for the Future (WatIF)*. Retrieved 2018-05-09.

1. ["The Battle of the Floods - European studies blog"](http://blogs.bl.uk/european/2014/02/the-battle-of-the-floods.html). *blogs.bl.uk*. Retrieved 2018-05-09.

1. ["How Dutch shooed the 'waterwolf' from door"](https://www.csmonitor.com/1982/1209/120971.html). *Christian Science Monitor*. 1982-12-09. [ISSN 0882-7729](https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0882-7729). Retrieved 2018-05-09.

1. ["Dutch flood protection: Taming the water wolf - About us | Allianz"](https://web.archive.org/web/20180509220435/https://www.allianz.com/en/about_us/open-knowledge/topics/environment/articles/100311-dutch-flood-protection-taming-the-water-wolf.html/). *www.allianz.com*. Archived from [the original](https://www.allianz.com/en/about_us/open-knowledge/topics/environment/articles/100311-dutch-flood-protection-taming-the-water-wolf.html/) on 2018-05-09. Retrieved 2018-05-09.

1. ["California Turns to Holland for Flood Expertise"](https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=18080442). *NPR.org*. Retrieved 2018-05-09.

- For reference, see the Dutch Wikipedia: [Waterwolf (animalisering)](https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waterwolf_(animalisering)). (*animalisering* means '[personification](/source/Personification) as an animal'.)
- *De Waterwolf getemd. Over geschiedenis en volksleven van Haarlemmermeer*, edited by TJ. W.R. de Haan, with contributions by W. Jappe Alberts, Tj. W. R. de Haan, Historical Committee Haarlemmermeer, Polder Board of the Haarlemmermeer, and the Haarlemmermer town archives, Kruseman's Uitgeversmaatschappij, The Hague, 1970, OCLC ocm37651338

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Waterwolf](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waterwolf) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waterwolf?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.