# WX notation

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{{Short description|Transliteration for Indian languages}}
{{more citations needed|date=February 2014}}
{{Contains special characters|Indic}}
alt=Ubuntu Hindi (WX) keyboard layout|thumb|263x263px|Ubuntu Hindi (WX) keyboard layout
'''WX notation''' is a [transliteration](/source/transliteration) scheme for representing Indian languages in [ASCII](/source/ASCII). This scheme originated at [IIT Kanpur](/source/IIT_Kanpur) for computational processing of Indian languages, and is widely used among the [natural language processing](/source/natural_language_processing) (NLP) community in India. The notation (though unidentified) is used, for example, in a textbook on NLP from IIT Kanpur.<ref>{{cite book|isbn=9788120309210|url=http://ltrc.iiit.ac.in/downloads/nlpbook/nlp-panini.pdf|title=Natural Language Processing: A Paninian Perspective|publisher=Prentice-Hall of India|year=1996|access-date=16 February 2014|chapter=Appendix B|pages=191–193|author=Akshar Bharati|author2=Vineet Chaitanya|author3=Rajeev Sangal|archive-date=26 November 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131126005517/http://ltrc.iiit.ac.in/downloads/nlpbook/nlp-panini.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> The salient features of this transliteration scheme are: Every consonant and every vowel has a single mapping into Roman. Hence it is a prefix code,<ref>{{Sanskrit Computational Linguistics
First and Second International Symposia Rocquencourt, France, October 29-31, 2007 Providence, RI, USA, May 15-17, 2008, Revised Selected Papers
Editors: Huet, Gérard, Kulkarni, Amba, Scharf, Peter (Eds.) | url=https://www.springer.com/gp/book/9783642001543 ; refer to Appendix B}}</ref> advantageous from a computation point of view. Typically the small case letters are used for un-aspirated consonants and short vowels while the capital case letters are used for aspirated consonants and long vowels. While the retroflexed voiceless and voiced consonants are mapped to 't, T, d and D', the dentals are mapped to 'w, W, x and X'. Hence the name of the scheme "WX", referring to the idiosyncratic mapping. Ubuntu Linux provides a keyboard support for WX notation.

In the following tables, such idiosyncratic assignment of letters to phonemes with which they are normally not associated are boldfaced. Besides 'w', 'W', 'x', and 'X', these are 'f', 'F', 'q', 'Q', 'L', and 'R'.

==Vowels==
{| class="wikitable"
|- class="Unicode"
|अ||आ||इ||ई||उ||ऊ||ए||ऐ||ओ||औ
|-
|a||A||i||I||u||U||e||E||o||O
|}

==Sonorants==
{| class="wikitable"
|- class="Unicode"
|ऋ||ॠ||ऌ
|-
|'''q'''||'''Q'''||'''L'''
|}

==Anusvāra and visarga==
{| class="wikitable"
|- class="Unicode"
|ं||ः
|-
|M||H
|}
The [Anunasika](/source/Anunasika) is represented by 'z'. For example, अँ = az.
In Sanskrit, the [Avagraha](/source/Avagraha) is represented by 'Z'. For example, वमतोऽन्तः = vamawoZnwaH. This may cause confusion as 'Z' is also used for another purpose in the case of other Indic languages (see below, last paragraph).

==Consonants==
{| class="wikitable"
|- class="Unicode"
|क्||ख्||ग्||घ्||ङ्||[Velar](/source/Velar_consonant)
|-
|k||K||g||G||'''f'''||
|- class="Unicode"
|च्||छ्||ज्||झ्||ञ्||[Palatal](/source/Palatal_consonant)
|-
|c||C||j||J||'''F'''||
|- class="Unicode"
|ट्||ठ्||ड्||ढ्||ण्||[Retroflex](/source/Retroflex_consonant)
|-
|t||T||d||D||N||
|- class="Unicode"
|त्||थ्||द्||ध्||न्||[Dental](/source/Dental_consonant)
|-
|'''w'''||'''W'''||'''x'''||'''X'''||n||
|- class="Unicode"
|प्||फ्||ब्||भ्||म्||[Labial](/source/Labial_consonant)
|-
|p||P||b||B||m||
|- class="Unicode"
|य्||र्||ल्||व्||||[Semi-vowel](/source/Semivowel)
|-
|y||r||l||v||||
|- class="Unicode"
|श्||ष्||स्||ह्||||[Fricative](/source/Fricative_consonant)
|-
|S||'''R'''||s||h||||
|}

This scheme was further extended to represent all the Indian scripts derived from Brahmi.
To account for the characters from other Indian languages that are missing in Devanagari, three operators are used: 'Y' to get the next [ISCII](/source/ISCII) character, 'V' to get the previous ISCII character and 'Z' to add the [nuqta](/source/nuqta). Thus for example, 'l' represents ल (U0932) of Devanagari, and 'lY' represents ळ (U0933) in Marathi. 'e' represents ए (U090F) of Devanagari or ఏ (U0C0F) of Telugu and eV represents ऎ (U090E) or ఎ (U0C0E) of Telugu. Similarly 'ka' represents क of Devanagari, and 'kZa' represents क़.

==See also==
* [Devanagari transliteration](/source/Devanagari_transliteration)
* [IAST](/source/IAST)
* [ITRANS](/source/ITRANS)
* [National Library at Kolkata romanization](/source/National_Library_at_Kolkata_romanization)
* [International Alphabet of Sanskrit Transliteration](/source/International_Alphabet_of_Sanskrit_Transliteration)

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://sanskrit.uohyd.ac.in/scl Tools for Analysis of Sanskrit (संसाधनी) University server]
*[http://scl.samsaadhanii.in/scl Tools for Analysis of Sanskrit (संसाधनी) Cloud server]
*[http://sanskrit.inria.fr Sanskrit Heritage site]
*[http://code.google.com/p/sktutilities/ Online Sanskrit Utilities]
*[https://github.com/irshadbhat/indic-wx-converter Python Implementation]

Category:Hindustani orthography
Category:Romanization of Brahmic
Category:Sanskrit transliteration
Category:Hindi
Category:Writing systems introduced in the 20th century

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [WX notation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WX_notation) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WX_notation?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.