# WASP-193b

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Puffy exoplanet in constellation Hydra

WASP-193b Discovery[1] Discovered by Khalid Barkaoui et al. Discovery date July 2023 (announced) Detection method Transit method Designations Alternative names TYC 6647-516-1 b[2] TIC 49043968 b[2] UCAC4 301-065411 b[2] 2MASS J10572385-2959497 b [2] TOI-6275 b [3] Orbital characteristics[1] Semi-major axis 0.0676±0.0015 AU Eccentricity 0.0560+0.0680 −0.0400 Orbital period (sidereal) 6.2463345(3) d Inclination 88.49°+0.78° −0.49° Semi-amplitude 14.8±3.0 m/s Star WASP-193 Physical characteristics[1] Mean radius 1.464+0.059 −0.057 RJ Mass 0.139±0.029 MJ Mean density 0.059+0.015 −0.013 g/cm3 Temperature 1254±31 K (981 °C; 1,798 °F, equilibrium)

**WASP-193b** is a hot, [transiting](/source/Astronomical_transit) [gas giant](/source/Gas_giant) planet located approximately 1,232 light-years (378 pc) away[4] in the constellation of [Hydra](/source/Hydra_(constellation)), orbiting the [F-type star](/source/F-type_main_sequence_star) WASP-193. Its discovery was made by the [WASP-South](/source/Wide_Angle_Search_for_Planets) transit survey and announced in 2023. The planet is extremely bloated, with a radius nearly 50% larger than [Jupiter](/source/Jupiter), despite having only 14% of its mass. This places its density at 0.059 [g/cm3](/source/Gram_per_cubic_centimetre), the second lowest of any known exoplanet as of May 2024 after [Kepler-51d](/source/Kepler-51d), and comparable to that of [cotton candy](/source/Cotton_candy) (about 0.05 [g/cm3](/source/Gram_per_cubic_centimetre)).

## Discovery

The planet was discovered in July 2023 by a team of astronomers led by Khalid Barkaoui, a researcher at the [University of Liège](/source/University_of_Li%C3%A8ge), from observational data taken by WASP (Wide Angle Search for Planets) in 2006–2008 and 2011–2012.[1][5] It is one of hundreds discovered in the WASP mission, which uses [transit photometry](/source/Transit_photometry) to find exoplanets, observing the dimming of a star caused by the [astronomical transit](/source/Astronomical_transit) of planets passing in front of them.[1][4]

The discovery was subsequently confirmed [photometrically](/source/Photometry_(astronomy)) by [TRAPPIST-South](/source/TRAPPIST), [SPECULOOS-South](/source/SPECULOOS), and the [TESS](/source/Transiting_Exoplanet_Survey_Satellite) mission, as well as through [spectroscopic](/source/Spectroscopy) observations by [HARPS](/source/High_Accuracy_Radial_Velocity_Planet_Searcher) and the CORALIE spectrograph of the [Swiss 1.2-metre Leonhard Euler Telescope](/source/Swiss_1.2-metre_Leonhard_Euler_Telescope).[1]

Due to WASP-193b's unusually low mass (and hence a weak [gravitational pull](/source/Gravity)) for a planet its size, initial observations failed to detect [radial velocity](/source/Doppler_spectroscopy) signals in the [spectra](/source/Astronomical_spectroscopy) of WASP-193. Because of this, it took four years to gather sufficient data to determine the existence of a mass signal from the planet.[5][1][6]

## Host star

The planet orbits a [yellow-white main-sequence star](/source/F-type_main-sequence_star) named WASP-193. The star has a mass of 1.059+0.067 −0.068 [M☉](/source/Solar_mass), a radius of 1.239±0.028 [*R*☉](/source/Solar_radius), and a [luminosity](/source/Luminosity) of 1.87+0.18 −0.16 [L☉](/source/Solar_luminosity). It has a surface temperature of 6,078 K (5,805 °C; 10,481 °F) and is 4.4±1.9 billion years old.[1] In comparison, the Sun is 4.6 billion years old,[7] has a temperature of 5,772 K (5,499 °C; 9,930 °F) and a spectral type of G2V.[8] The [apparent magnitude](/source/Apparent_magnitude) of the star is 12.134,[2] making it too faint to be seen from Earth by the naked eye,[9] but visible using a 60 mm [aperture](/source/Aperture) [telescope](/source/Telescope).[10]

## Physical characteristics

### Orbit

The planet revolves around the star at a distance of just 0.0676 AU (10,110,000 km),[1] over five times closer than [Mercury](/source/Mercury_(planet)) is to the [Sun](/source/Sun) (0.3871 AU[11]). As a result, WASP-193b receives approximately 410 times more [irradiance](/source/Irradiance) than the [solar constant](/source/Solar_constant) (i.e., the amount of energy received from the sun per given area at a distance of 1 [AU](/source/Astronomical_unit)), placing its [equilibrium temperature](/source/Equilibrium_temperature) at a smoldering 1,254 K (981 °C; 1,798 °F),[1] hot enough to melt [silver](/source/Silver).[a] Due to its exposure to intense stellar radiation, the upper layers of the planet's [atmosphere](/source/Atmosphere) are being stripped away at a rate of 1.8×1010 – 4.3×1011 [g](/source/Gram) per second, depending on the level of [extreme ultraviolet](/source/Extreme_ultraviolet) [flux](/source/Flux).[13]

### Size and density

WASP-193b has a radius of 1.464 RJ (104664 [km](/source/Kilometre); 16.41 [R🜨](/source/Earth_radius)),[1] meaning the planet is approximately 3.1 times more voluminous than Jupiter.[b] Despite its enormous size, the planet only has a mass of 0.139 MJ (44.2 [M🜨](/source/Earth_mass); 2.58 times that of [Neptune](/source/Neptune)), making it a [super-Neptune](/source/Super-Neptune),[1] which normally has less than half the radius (5-7 R🜨[14]). Thus, the density of the planet is estimated to be a mere 0.059 [g/cm3](/source/Gram_per_cubic_centimetre)—well below the typical value seen in [gas giants](/source/Gas_giant) (0.2–2 [g/cm3](/source/Gram_per_cubic_centimetre)), and less than a tenth that of [Saturn](/source/Saturn) (0.687 [g/cm3](/source/Gram_per_cubic_centimetre)[15]), the least dense planet in the [Solar System](/source/Solar_System).[1] As of May 2024, only one other planet, the [super-puff](/source/Super-puff) planet Kepler-51d (0.046±0.009 [g/cm3](/source/Gram_per_cubic_centimetre)[16]), is known to have a lower density.[6][17] Because of this, both planets are often likened to cotton candy (around 0.05 [g/cm3](/source/Gram_per_cubic_centimetre)) in media coverage.[6][18]

### Composition

Most of the planet's radius is thought to be taken up by a bloated atmosphere consisting of predominantly [hydrogen](/source/Hydrogen) and [helium](/source/Helium), but it remains unknown as to how such a large, light planet could exist, which classical models for gas giant evolution fail to explain.[1][6][5] Assuming the planet's age to be 4.4 [Gyr](/source/Billion_years), a [theoretical model](/source/Scientific_modelling)[19] published in 2007 regarding the radii of planets aged between 1.0 and 4.5 Gyr with a [core](/source/Planetary_core) mass of 0–10 M🜨 calculates its radius to be 0.9–1.1 RJ.[1] Another model,[20] published in 2013 and derived from the analysis of 35 exoplanets weighing less than 150 R🜨, gives a value of 0.82±0.14 RJ.[1] Calculations using a 2018 model[21] based on data from 286 [hot Jupiters](/source/Hot_Jupiters) with known masses and radii predicts the radius to be 1.1±0.1 RJ.[1] All of these models fall well behind the measured value of 1.464 RJ,[1] which, according to model calculations, can only be sustained for a few tens of millions of years, far shorter than the age of the host star, hinting at the presence of other previously unaccounted mechanisms at play.[1]

Research into the anomalously light WASP-193b is said to become crucial for understanding the evolution of inflated planets that cannot be explained by ordinary theories for planetary evolution. Due to the large [transit depth](/source/Methods_of_detecting_exoplanets#Transit_photometry), extremely low density, and high equilibrium temperature of the planet, it is considered a prime target for transmission photometry observations by the [James Webb Space Telescope](/source/James_Webb_Space_Telescope).[1]

## See also

- Other giant planets with similarly low densities: - [Kepler-51 b, c, d](/source/Kepler-51#Planetary_system): three Jupiter-sized super-puff planets. - [WASP-17b](/source/WASP-17b), [HAT-P-67b](/source/HAT-P-67b): [puffy planets](/source/Puffy_planet) that are among [the largest exoplanets](/source/List_of_largest_exoplanets) despite having Saturn-like masses.

## Footnotes

1. **[^](#cite_ref-13)** Elemental silver melts at 961.78 °C (1,234.93 K; 1,763.20 °F).[12]

1. **[^](#cite_ref-15)** Calculated from radius assuming a perfect non-[oblate](/source/Flattening) sphere, that is the [cube](/source/Cube_(algebra)) of the planetary radius measured in Jupiter radii (1.4643≈3.138).

## References

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v t e Constellation of Hydra List of stars in Hydra Hydra in Chinese astronomy Stars Bayer α (Alphard) β γ (Naga) δ ε (Ashlesha) ζ η θ ι (Ukdah) κ λ μ ν ξ ο π ρ σ (Minchir) τ1 τ2 υ1 (Zhang) υ2 φ1 φ2 φ3 χ1 χ2 ψ ω b1 b3 C F Flamsteed 1 2 3 6 (a) 9 10 12 (D) 14 15 17 19 20 21 23 24 25 26 27 (P) 28 29 33 (A) 34 37 44 47 48 50 51 (k) 52 (l) 54 (m) 55 56 57 58 (Solitaire) 59 60 10 Crt 17 Crt 20 Crt 2 Sex Variable R U V W TW EX HS KU LQ V361 V419 V421 V478 V484 HR 3378 3538 3749 (G) 3750 3858 (I) 3862 3919 3923 (Felis) 4162 4328 4339 (β Ant) 4445 5265 HD 72659 74156 82943 86226 86264 90156 (γ Ant) Other 2MASS 1114−2618 ESO 439-26 Gliese 328 Gliese 357 Gliese 433 Gliese 453 GJ 3634 HAT-P-30 HE 1256−2738 HE 1327−2326 LHS 2065 LHS 3003 LTT 3780 SDSS J090745.0+024507 WASP-25 WASP-36 WASP-84 WASP-166 (Filetdor) WISE 0855−0714 WISEA J1141−3326 Exoplanets Gliese 357 d HD 72659 b HD 74156 b c HD 82943 b c HD 86226 b HD 86264 b TW Hydrae b (unconfirmed) WASP-193b Star clusters Messier 48 Messier 68 NGC 5694 Price-Whelan 1 Nebulae Abell 33 Abell 35 NGC 3242 Southern Owl Nebula Galaxies Messier 83 NGC 2617 2642 2697 2708 2758 2835 2848 2865 2890 2935 2936 2937 2960 2962 2986 2992 3030 3052 3054 3081 3109 3124 3200 3285 3285B 3290 3305 3307 3308 3309 3311 3312 3313 3314 3315 3316 3336 3369 3383 3393 3402 3463 3464 3585 3621 3673 3717 3904 3923 3936 4980 4993 5042 5061 5078 5085 5101 5135 5260 5264 5495 5626 Other 3C 196.1 AM 1316−241 Arp 7 CTQ 327 ESO 510-G13 GAMA202627 GLEAM J0917−0012 Hydra A IC 535 MRC 1138−262 Peekaboo Galaxy PKS 1151−348 RX J0911.4+0551 SDSS J0841+0101 TN J0924−2201 Tololo 1247−232 ZwCl 1693 BCG Galaxy clusters Abell 754 Abell 3411 Abell 3412 Bullet Group Hickson 40 Astronomical events GW170817 Category

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [WASP-193b](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WASP-193b) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WASP-193b?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.
