# WASP-178b

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Exoplanet in the constellation Lupus

WASP-178b / KELT-26b Discovery[1][2] Discovered by Hellier et al. / Rodríguez Martínez et al. Discovery date November / December 2019 (announced) Detection method Transit method Designations Alternative names CD−42° 10057b, HD 134004 b, TIC 160708862 b, TOI-1337 b, TYC 7829-2324-1 b, 2MASS J15090488-4242178 b[3] Orbital characteristics[1] Semi-major axis 0.0558±0.0010 AU Eccentricity 0 Orbital period (sidereal) 3.3448285±0.0000012 d Inclination 85.7°±0.6° Semi-amplitude 139±9 m/s Star WASP-178 Physical characteristics[1] Mean radius 1.81±0.09 RJ Mass 1.66±0.12 MJ Mean density 0.37±0.07 g/cm3 Temperature 2470±60 K (2,200 °C; 3,990 °F, equilibrium)

**WASP-178b**, also known as **KELT-26b** and **HD 134004 b**, is an [ultra-hot Jupiter](/source/Ultra-hot_Jupiter) [exoplanet](/source/Exoplanet) discovered in 2019 orbiting [WASP-178](/source/WASP-178), a hot [A-type star](/source/Stellar_classification#Class_A) located about 1,350 light-years (410 parsecs) away in the [constellation](/source/Constellation) of [Lupus](/source/Lupus_(constellation)). At over 1.8 times the radius of [Jupiter](/source/Jupiter), it is among the [largest exoplanets](/source/List_of_largest_exoplanets). The planet is [tidally locked](/source/Tidal_locking), heating up one side of the planet to such a degree that silicate rock and metal evaporate. [Supersonic](/source/Supersonic_speed) winds blow constantly towards the dark, cooler nighttime side, where the vaporized minerals condense and fall as rain.[4]

## Discovery and nomenclature

The planet was discovered by a team of astronomers led by Coel Hellier, who published their findings in November 2019, alongside the detection of three other planets, designated [WASP-184b](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=WASP-184b&action=edit&redlink=1), [WASP-185b](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=WASP-185b&action=edit&redlink=1), and [WASP-192b](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=WASP-192b&action=edit&redlink=1). The four planets were all found through [photometric](/source/Photometry_(astronomy)) analysis of [astronomical transit](/source/Astronomical_transit) data collected by [WASP-South](/source/Wide_Angle_Search_for_Planets), hence the "WASP-" prefix. For WASP-178b, data was gathered over the course of eight years between May 2006 and August 2014, which was combined with follow-up observations by the CORALIE [spectrograph](/source/Spectrograph) and EulerCam, which are both part of the [Swiss 1.2-metre Leonhard Euler Telescope](/source/Swiss_1.2-metre_Leonhard_Euler_Telescope).[1]

Another team, headed by Romy Rodríguez Martínez, independently announced discovering the planet in December 2019 as part of the [Kilodegree Extremely Little Telescope](/source/Kilodegree_Extremely_Little_Telescope) (KELT) survey, labeling it KELT-26b. The host star was photometrically observed by the [KELT-South telescope](/source/South_African_Astronomical_Observatory#KELT-South) for two years between September 2013 and September 2015, identifying the object as a planetary candidate. Further observations confirmed the exoplanet, which were made by [TESS](/source/Transiting_Exoplanet_Survey_Satellite), the Perth Exoplanet Survey Telescope (PEST), and the CHIRON spectrograph on the SMARTS 1.5 m telescope, located at the [Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory](/source/Cerro_Tololo_Inter-American_Observatory) (CTIO).[2] The planet was the 26th and final planet discovered by the KELT survey before it was decommissioned in 2020.[5]

Earlier designations of the host star include CD−42° 10057 in the [Cordoba Durchmusterung catalogue](/source/Durchmusterung#Extension) and HD 134004 in the [Henry Draper catalogue](/source/Henry_Draper_catalogue).[6]

## Physical properties

The planet orbits its host star every 3.34 days at a distance of 0.0558 AU (8,350,000 km), a mere one-seventh the radius of [Mercury](/source/Mercury_(planet))'s orbit. This proximity to its host star, 20 times more luminous than the Sun, heats its atmosphere up to a white-hot [equilibrium temperature](/source/Equilibrium_temperature) of 2,470 K (2,200 °C; 3,990 °F), comparable to the [boiling point](/source/Boiling_point) of [silver](/source/Silver) (2,162 °C[7]). Due to the intense irradiation, some of the highest even among the ultra-hot Jupiters,[8] the planet's outer layers are inflated to an enormous 1.81 RJ[1] or 1.940 RJ,[2] making it one of the [largest planets](/source/List_of_largest_exoplanets) discovered so far alongside other [hot Jupiters](/source/Hot_Jupiter) such as [WASP-12b](/source/WASP-12b) and [Ditsö̀](/source/Dits%C3%B6%CC%80). This also means that the planet has a low density of 0.37 [g/cm3](/source/Gram_per_cubic_centimetre)[1] or 0.238 g/cm3,[2] or about as light as [cork](/source/Cork_(material)) (0.24 g/cm3[9]).

The planet's [geometric albedo](/source/Geometric_albedo) was measured to be between 0.1 and 0.35 by utilizing [CHEOPS](/source/CHEOPS) photometry[10] and was then further constrained to be below 0.23,[8] implying that it has a poorly reflective surface typical of [gas giants](/source/Gas_giants).[10]

### Atmosphere

The dayside temperature of WASP-178b is calculated at 2,250–2,750 K,[10] which is sufficient to evaporate [silicate rock](/source/Silicate_minerals),[4] and above 2,500 K, break down [hydrogen](/source/Hydrogen) [molecules](/source/Molecule) into individual [atoms](/source/Atom).[10] The planet's [tidal locking](/source/Tidal_locking) causes the heated daylight side's atmosphere to blow across to the nighttime side at speeds of 2,000 miles per hour (3,200 km/h).[4] On the nightside of the planet, the [atomic hydrogen](/source/Hydrogen_atom) recouples back into molecular H2,[10] and minerals that evaporated on the dayside may cool and condense into rock that pours down from clouds as rain.[4]

In 2022, the discovery of [silicon monoxide](/source/Silicon_monoxide) was reported on WASP-178b, the first time the compound was detected in an exoplanet, and consistent with theoretical predictions of silicate minerals at high temperatures.[11] A follow-up study in 2024, however, concluded that the atmosphere is more likely dominated by [ionized](/source/Ionization) [magnesium](/source/Magnesium) and [iron](/source/Iron) rather than silicon monoxide.[12]

Emission signals from the dayside of the planet as well as the result of eclipse observations strongly suggest the presence of an [atmospheric super-rotation](/source/Atmospheric_super-rotation) and indicate that the chemical composition of the dayside atmosphere may be uneven.[8]

## Host star

Main article: [WASP-178](/source/WASP-178)

The host star, WASP-178, is a likely [Am star](/source/Am_star)[1] and possibly a [Delta Scuti variable](/source/Delta_Scuti_variable),[2] with a [spectral type](/source/Stellar_classification) of A1IV-V meaning it is in between being a [main sequence star](/source/Main_sequence_star) and a [subgiant](/source/Subgiant). The star is comparable to [Sirius A](/source/Sirius) in mass and radius, but slightly cooler, older, and less luminous. It is about twice as massive as the [Sun](/source/Sun) and has a radius of 1.67[1] or 1.80[2] *R*☉, with an [effective temperature](/source/Effective_temperature) of roughly 9,000 [K](/source/Kelvin_(unit)). A 2019 estimate of 9350±150 [K](/source/Kelvin) makes WASP-178 the second-hottest host to a hot Jupiter ever discovered, behind [KELT-9](/source/KELT-9) (10,170 K) and ahead of [MASCARA-2](/source/MASCARA-2) (8,980 K),[1] though a lower estimate (8,640 K) provided by another paper[2] may put it below MASCARA-2. The star is around 20 times brighter than the Sun and is 430+310 −250 million years[2] old.

### Comparison with Sirius A

Identifier Stellar Class Mass (M☉) Radius (R☉) Luminosity (L☉) Temperature (K) Metallicity (dex) Age (Myr) Notes Sirius A A0mA1 Va[13] 2.063[14] 1.713 24.7 9,845 +0.50[15] 242[14] [16] WASP-178 A1IV-V 2.07 1.67 21.4[17] 9,350 +0.21 430[2] [1]

## See also

- [KELT-9b](/source/KELT-9b)

- [KELT-20b](/source/KELT-20b)

- [Kepler-13Ab](/source/Kepler-13#Planetary_system)

- [MASCARA-1b](/source/MASCARA-1b)

- [WASP-33b](/source/WASP-33b)

- [WASP-189b](/source/WASP-189b)

## References

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v t e Exoplanets Planet Definition IAU Planetary science Main topics Exoplanet Exoplanet orbital and physical parameters Methods of detecting exoplanets Planetary system Planet-hosting stars Sizes and types Terrestrial Carbon planet Catastrophically evaporating planet Coreless planet Desert planet Dwarf planet Hycean planet Ice planet Iron planet (Super-Mercury) Lava planet Ocean world Mega-Earth Steam world Sub-Earth Super-Earth Titan-like Venus-like Gaseous Cold Jupiter Eccentric Jupiter Mini-Neptune (Gas dwarf) Helium planet Hot Jupiter Hot Neptune Gas giant Ice giant Neptunian Jupiter analogue Super-Jupiter Super-Neptune Super-puff Ultra-hot Jupiter Ultra-hot Neptune Warm Jupiter Other types Blanet Brown dwarf Chthonian planet Circumbinary planet Circumtriple planet Disrupted planet Double planet Ecumenopolis Eyeball planet Giant planet Mesoplanet Planemo Planet/Brown dwarf boundary Planetesimal Protoplanet Pulsar planet Second generation planet Sub-brown dwarf Sub-Neptune Toroidal planet Ultra-cool dwarf Ultra-short period planet (USP) Formation and evolution Accretion Accretion disk Asteroid belt Circumplanetary disk Circumstellar disc Circumstellar envelope Cosmic dust Debris disk Detached object Disrupted planet Excretion disk Exozodiacal dust Extraterrestrial materials Extraterrestrial sample curation Giant-impact hypothesis Gravitational collapse Hills cloud Internal structure Interplanetary dust cloud Interplanetary medium Interplanetary space Interstellar cloud Interstellar dust Interstellar medium Interstellar space Kuiper belt List of interstellar and circumstellar molecules Merging stars Molecular cloud Nebular hypothesis Oort cloud Outer space Planetary migration Planetary system Planetesimal Planet formation Protoplanetary disk Radial drift Ring system Rubble pile Sample-return mission Scattered disc Star formation Systems Exocomet Interstellar Exomoon Tidally detached Rogue planet Jupiter-mass binary objects Orbits Retrograde Trojan Mean-motion resonances Titius–Bode law Host stars A B Binary star Brown dwarfs F/Yellow-white dwarfs G/Yellow dwarfs Herbig Ae/Be K/Orange dwarfs M/Red dwarfs Pulsar Red giant Subdwarf B Subgiant T Tauri White dwarfs Yellow giants Detection Astrometry Direct imaging list Microlensing list Polarimetry Timing list Radial velocity list Transit method list Transit-timing variation Habitability Astrobiology Astrooceanography Circumstellar habitable zone Cosmic shoreline Earth analog Extraterrestrial liquid water Galactic habitable zone Habitability of binary star systems Habitability of brown dwarf systems Habitability of F-type main-sequence star systems Habitability of K-type main-sequence star systems Habitability of natural satellites Habitability of neutron star systems Habitability of red dwarf systems Habitability of yellow dwarf systems Habitable zone for complex life List of potentially habitable exoplanets Tholin Superhabitable planet Catalogues Nearby Habitable Systems Exoplanet Data Explorer Extrasolar Planets Encyclopaedia NASA Exoplanet Archive NASA Star and Exoplanet Database Open Exoplanet Catalogue Lists Exoplanetary systems Multiplanetary systems Circumstellar discs Exoplanets Discoveries Extremes Firsts Nearest Largest Heaviest Terrestrial candidates Kepler 1–500 501–1000 1001–1500 1501–2000 2001–2500 K2 Potentially habitable Proper names Discovered exoplanets by year before 2000 2000–2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 Other Carl Sagan Institute Exoplanet naming convention Exoplanet phase curves Exoplanetary Circumstellar Environments and Disk Explorer Extragalactic planet Extrasolar planets in fiction Geodynamics of terrestrial exoplanets Neptunian desert Nexus for Exoplanet System Science Planets in globular clusters Small planet radius gap Sudarsky's gas giant classification Discoveries of exoplanets Search projects

v t e Constellation of Lupus List of stars in Lupus Lupus in Chinese astronomy Stars Bayer α (Uridim) β γ δ ε ζ η θ ι κ λ μ ν1 ν2 ξ ο π ρ σ τ1 τ2 υ φ1 φ2 χ ψ1 ψ2 ω Flamsteed 1 (i) 2 (f) Variable RU EX GG GQ HR II IL IM KT (d) V407 V462 HR 5362 5364 5401 5651 (e) 5724 (k) 5825 (g) 5943 5967 HD 134004 135344 136164 141943 142527 143811 Other Gliese 588 HIP 70849 Lupus-TR-3 SSSPM J1549−3544 WASP-132 Exoplanets GQ Lupi b HIP 70849 b Lupus-TR-3b WASP-178b Star clusters NGC 5749 NGC 5822 NGC 5824 NGC 5927 NGC 5986 Nebulae IC 4406 NGC 5882 Galaxies IC 4444 NGC 5530 NGC 5643 Astronomical events SN 1006 Category

v t e 2019 in space « 2018 2020 » Space probe launches Beresheet (lunar lander; Feb 2019) LightSail 2 (solar sail demonstration; Jun 2019) Chandrayaan-2 / Vikram / Pragyan (lunar obiter, lander and rover; Jul 2019) Impact events Kamchatka meteor (announced) 2019 MO Selected NEOs Asteroid close approaches 2018 XB4 2019 AS5 2016 AZ8 66391 Moshup 2019 OK 1620 Geographos 2006 QV89 2100 Ra-Shalom 2019 SU3 2019 TA7 2019 UN13 Exoplanets AD Leonis b Beta Pictoris c DS Tucanae b Gliese 251 c Gliese 357 d Gliese 588 b c Gliese 687 c Gliese 555 b Gliese 754 b Gliese 784 b HR 5183 b Kepler-47d confirmed K2-288Bb L 1159-16 b c d LP 816-60 b LTT 1445 Ab Luyten's Star d e NGTS-4b PDS 70c Proxima Centauri c Struve 2398 Bb Bc Tau Ceti i (hypothesized) Teegarden's Star b c V1298 Tauri b c d e Wolf 359 b c Discoveries 2019 AQ3 ASASSN-19bt AT2019qiz GRB 190114C EPIC 204376071 GW190412 GW190521g (first-ever light from bh-bh merger) GW190814 (first-ever "mass-gap" collision) J043947.08+163415.7 K2-18b water vapor M87* imaged PSR J0030+0451 mapped PSR J0740+6620 S5-HVS1 2I/Borisov 20 moons of Saturn WD 0145+234 detection of exoasteroid disruption WD J0914+1914 Comets C/2018 Y1 (Iwamoto) 78P/Gehrels 168P/Hergenrother 163P/NEAT 138P/Shoemaker–Levy 171P/Spahr 289P/Blanpain Space exploration New Horizons (encounter with 486958 Arrokoth; Dec 2018 / Jan 2019) Chang'e 4 / Yutu-2 (landing on the far side of the Moon; Jan 2019) Opportunity (end of mission; Aug 2018 / Feb 2019) Hayabusa2 (departure from 162173 Ryugu; Dec 2019) Outer space portal Category:2018 in outer space — Category:2019 in outer space — Category:2020 in outer space

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [WASP-178b](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WASP-178b) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WASP-178b?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.